珠江三角洲晚第四纪气候波动的新认识

珠江三角洲中部番禺东涌剖面密取样、高分辨率的磁化率、δ13C、C/N3条曲线相互基本谋合,为判断MIS2以来的气候波动提供了新依据,从中得出了一些新认识：末次冰盛期很不明显,降温不超3℃;有新仙女木冷回返事件的反映;冷回返事件后直至2 500aBP,持续波动升温,难以识别8 500～3 000 a BP的大暖期;晚全新世降温始于2 500aBp,而不是3 000 aBP;最暖期不是在中全新世,而是在晚全新世.     

柴达木盆地沙漠沉积中的新仙女木事件记录

对柴达木盆地晚更新世沙漠演化过程的研究,发现青藏高原沙漠沉积中清楚地记录了新仙女木事件,并呈干冷温的气候效应,进一步分析得出：新仙女木事件在我国不同自然气候带呈单一的干冷降 温效应,并作为多模式效应。     

青藏高原不同时段气候变化的研究综述

综述了近年来通过冰芯、树轮、湖泊沉积等记录对青藏高原不同时段气候变化研究取得的成果．并特别着重于末次间冰期以来青藏高原的气候变化特征。在末次间冰期．青藏高原气候变化剧烈,降温迅速升温缓慢;末次冰期温度变化与格陵兰冰芯记录具有较好一致性,同时也具有高原的独特性;新仙女木事件发生时间与欧洲和格陵兰冰芯的记录基本一致;全新世总体比较温暖;近2000年来温度变化在波动中逐渐上升;近代温度有加速升高的趋势。总体上青藏高原各种尺度上的气候变化要早于我国其它地区．变化的幅度也较大。     

西峰蔡家咀黄土剖面记录的末次盛冰期到全新世最佳期气候变化

采用挖探井方式获取西峰蔡家咀剖面200 cm黄土沉积序列,以7个¹⁴C-AMS测年数据为年龄控制点,利用沉积物粒度模式建立最近20 ka的年代框架。磁化率、灰度、粒度等指标的综合对比表明该剖面记录了末次盛冰期增温以来几次重要气候事件,如Heinrich事件1(H₁)、Bølling-Allerød暖期(B-A)、新仙女木事件(YD)、8.2 ka事件等,说明西峰黄土剖面具有记录短尺度气候突变事件的潜力。     

南极15ka以来海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究

通过对东南极普里兹湾陆坡区ＮＰ９５－１及西南极长城湾ＮＧ９３－１两柱样系统的环境磁学研究，获得了南极地区１５．０～５．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的古气候变化序列。结果表明，磁学参数较好地记录了古气候变化及沉积环境变化的信息。ＮＰ９５－１柱样较好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、新仙女木事件以及波令－阿罗德暖期，其中Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件发生于１４．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，新仙女木冷期为１１．７～１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后，南极地区进入全新世。在全新世，两柱样记录了在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．及６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．前后两个暖期，其间夹有小幅气温下调的时段；６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．后，两柱样均有气候颤动变冷的记录。     

新仙女木事件在热带湖光岩玛珥湖的记录

湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物总有机碳，总氮，总氢，生物硅等有机地球化学指标以及AMS^14C年代明确地指示了新仙女木事件在中国南方地区的存在，它不仅表现为降水的显著减少，而且表现为气温的降低，显示了凉干的气候环境，反映了季风系统在很短的时间内进行了大规模重组，夏季风强度显著减弱的事实，这为西北太平洋低续度区存在YD事件提供了新的来自于陆地的证据。     

13 ka BP 以来黄土高原西部的植被与环境演化

通过对黄土高原西部三个剖面的孢粉记录分析, 重建了该区13 ka BP 以来详细的植被 与气候演化序列。结果表明, 12.1 ka BP 以前, 研究区植被以干草原为主, 气候寒冷干燥。 12.1~9.8 ka BP 植被变化显著。期间出现两次显著的湿润期, 分别为12.1~11.4 ka BP、 11.2~11.0 ka BP, 可与博令暖期和阿勒罗得暖期对比; 两次持续时间和强度明显不同的干旱 期出现在11.4~11.2 ka BP 和11.0~9.8 ka BP, 可分别与中仙女木事件和新仙女木事件对比。 经过短暂的快速变湿后, 9.6~7.6 ka BP 研究区植被以疏林草原为主, 气候波动频繁但总体温 和偏干。7.6~4.0 ka BP 森林和森林草原植被出现, 气候温暖湿润。其中6.6~5.8 ka BP 温带落 叶阔叶林发育, 为研究区全新世最适宜期。自4.0 ka BP 以来研究区草原和荒漠草原交替出 现, 气候在总体干冷的环境下存在次一级的干湿波动。     

东北地区5 000 aB.P.～4 700 aB.P.左右的降温事件及对考古文化的影响

距今5000年左右世界各地普遍存在一次幅度较大的短期降温气候事件，通过对金川剖面泥炭地层14C测年，孢粉分析，认为东北地区此次降温事件结束的14C年龄在4700aB.P.左右，降温事件出现之前气候温暖湿润，降温事件过后温度持续下降，金川剖面的记录与东北地区其它类型沉积物所记录的降温事件出现的时间基本吻合，降温事件对燕辽地区古文化演变产生了深刻的影响。     

新仙女木期黄河晋陕峡谷古风成沙层年代及其物质来源

通过对黄河晋陕峡谷壶口至龙门段开展广泛细致的野外考察,发现了典型的晚更新世以来黄土—土壤层夹古风成沙层剖面—北桑峪剖面（BSY）。结合不同类型沉积物的野外宏观特征、磁化率、粒度成分、石英颗粒表面特征和地球化学元素的对比分析,确定黄河晋陕峡谷壶口至龙门段BSY剖面中所夹古风成沙层的性质为中沙质细沙,是在干旱多风环境下形成的沙质沉积物。基于光释光（OSL）测年数据,确定其沉积年代为12.5-11.6 ka,记录了黄河中游发生在末次冰消期的极端干旱事件,其与相邻区域沙漠/黄土过渡带中湖沼沉积和风成黄土—古土壤剖面记录的新仙女木事件相对应。该剖面中古风成沙沉积物的物质来源,主要来自黄河晋陕峡谷的古河床相沙层物质。这是因为该河段处于干旱半干旱季风气候区,在新仙女木时期,黄河晋陕峡谷处于极端干冷的环境之中,冬季风强盛、夏季风衰弱,黄河水位下降明显,河漫滩和江心洲将大面积出露,大量的沙物质在风力作用下向岸边输移,成为河谷两侧缓坡台地上古风成沙沉积层出现的主要沙源地。这个研究成果对于进一步揭示黄河中游流域极端干旱事件发生的时间性规律及其与季风气候变化的关系,具有重要的科学意义。     

青藏高原湖泊沉积研究及其进展

青藏高原湖泊沉积研究主要围绕青藏高原隆升和全球变化响应开展的。研究揭示了青藏高原隆升具有整体性、阶段性和后期加速性。中晚更新世以来和末次间冰期-冰期气候演化过程得到重建,并能够与冰芯和深海氧同位素记录对比;同时也存在M IS3阶段强烈暖湿和末次冰盛期冷湿等区域特征;新仙女木事件在湖泊沉积物也有明显记录。全新世研究表明青藏高原早期暖湿并经历冷事件,大暖期普遍出现高水位,后期气候向干冷化方向发展。湖泊沉积环境定量化重建也得到研究。青藏高原湖泊沉积应在高分辨率纹层沉积和环境指标定量分析基础理论方面加强研究。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,