从裂变径迹分析探讨房山岩体地质热历史

测定了房山岩体内部相的花岗闪长岩中磷灰石和榍石的裂变径迹年龄和磷灰石自发和诱发裂变封闭径迹长度。根据磷灰石自发裂变封闭径迹平均长度和年龄对岩体热历史进行了模拟和探讨，长度分布模拟特征和参数与实测结果基本一致。并依据磷灰石和榍石裂变径迹年龄和封闭温度探讨了岩体的冷却和上升速度。     

自然演化碎屑锆石裂变径迹长度影响因素分析

锆石裂变径迹长度是锆石裂变径迹热年代学研究的一个重要参数。基于不同热背景的沉积盆地样品实测数据,分析锆石裂变径迹的退火行为,探讨锆石裂变径迹长度的影响因素。研究表明,Sk1井样品的裂变径迹长度和径迹与结晶C轴夹角之间具有一定的负相关性,即夹角愈小,径迹长度愈长;反之,夹角愈大,径迹长度愈短。Sk1井样品径迹与结晶C轴夹角主要分布在10°～70°,整体分布较随机;而Ku1井样品多分布于高角度（60°～90°）,整体分布不随机。Sk1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为220℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为5.02～5.55μm;Ku1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为170℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为8.06～8.31μm,高温热背景下Sk1井的锆石裂变径迹开始受到沉积盆地影响的温度高于Ku1井。研究认为锆石裂变径迹在不同热背景下的开始退火温度和退火行为产生的差异是由盆地不同的增温速率导致的。Sk1井的中浅层样品平均径迹长度范围为5.85～8.36μm,Ku1井中浅层样品平均径迹长度为9.21～10.05μm。2口井中浅层样品的最小年龄大于地层年龄,表明未受到沉积盆地的影响,缩短的径迹...     

青藏高原西北缘祁漫塔格山中新世快速抬升的磷灰石裂变径迹证据

对祁漫塔格山体不同海拔高度所取的9个磷灰石样品的裂变径迹分析结果表明,东昆仑西段中新世早中期为主要的隆升期且隆升速率较高,早期隆升速率为111m／Ma,晚期隆升速率为98m／Ma,总体隆升速率为100m／Ma。样品显示出磷灰石裂变径迹长度大致分2类,一类磷灰石裂变径迹长度为（12．21±10．20）-（13．75±0．30）μm,径迹长度分布图基本上为窄而对称的正态分布,反映具有快的剥露冷却速率,未受到后期热事件的干扰。另一类磷灰石裂变径迹长度为（11．88±0．33）～（13．32±0．27）μm,较前一类具有稍慢的剥露冷却速率,并且受到了后期热事件的干扰。     

苏鲁超高压变质岩的构造热历史：中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD)主孔（MH）和先导孔（PP2）的磷灰石裂变径迹约束

本文包括中国大陆科学钻（CCSD）主孔（MH）0~5000m和先导孔（PP2）0~1000m的磷灰石裂变径迹分折结果,先导孔PP2的裂变径迹表观年龄变化范围为79.5±5.1~50.4±6.2Ma,主孔的裂变径迹表观年龄变化范围为98.6±17.0~2.9±2.0Ma,主孔在4200m以下,磷灰石样品中实际上已不存在自发裂变径迹,表明裂变径迹时钟已经“置零”。实验资料表明,裂变径迹表观年龄值随样品深度的增加而逐渐减少,直到一定深度,即达到磷灰石的裂变径迹封闭温度（~120℃）以后,年龄值为零。根据主孔0~2000m和先导孔0~1000m的裂变径迹年龄剖面,作为一级近似,计算出超高压变质岩体在90~30Ma期间,平均隆升速度为~35m/Ma。对主孔测定了9个样品的约束径迹（Confined track）长度,样品约束径迹平均长度的变化范围约为13.1~7.4μm,总的变化趋势是：约束径迹平均长度随样品深度的增加而逐渐减少。样品的约束径迹长度分布都具有双峰型特征。根据裂变径迹年龄和约束径迹长度的资料,应用计算机模拟得到了样品的时间-温度（t-T）轨迹。结果表明,岩体从早白垩世（~120Ma）快速冷却以后,在晚白垩世和始新世又经历了两次加热作用,始新世末岩体所达到的温度大约是80℃,随后岩体则一直上升和缓慢冷却到现今所处的位置。在最后~30Ma岩体的平均隆升速度为~53m/Ma。     

裂变径迹长度测量标准化研究——锆石蚀刻标准探讨

通过不同时间蚀刻的锆石径迹长度测量,确定海南迅速冷却火山型锆石的水平封闭径迹(HCT)平均长度L＝10.93 μm,标准偏差为0.93 μm,可作为锆石长度测量的参照标准.对锆石的蚀刻标准进行了探讨,确立垂直C轴的表面径迹宽度Dpar为(1.0±0.5)μm的蚀刻标准,要求Dpar>1 μm和Dpar<1 μm的颗粒数应大致相当,以及封闭径迹宽度DHCT<1.0 μm的测量标准.     

LA-ICP-MS/FT方法在矿床保存研究中的应用——以赣东北德兴铜矿和银山铅锌矿床为例

矿床保存是成矿系统研究的重要组成部分,其中裂变径迹研究是揭示矿床保存条件和程度的有效手段之一。本文建立了LA-ICP-MS/FT方法,该方法获得磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值与已有外探测器法分析结果对比表明这一方法是可行的。基于此方法,对赣东北德兴铜矿与银山铅锌矿进行了磷灰石裂变径迹分析,得到了德兴成矿岩体的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄71.4±8.6 Ma,银山地区英安斑岩的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为77.1±8.3 Ma。这一结果表明,在区域整体抬升背景下,两个矿区均以较低的剥蚀抬升速率抬升至地表。两个矿区样品磷灰石平均裂变径迹围限长度分别为12.32±1.77μm和12.56±1.91μm,对应Dpar值为2.45±0.19μm和1.84±0.17μm,径迹长度频度分布属于单峰型,证实两个矿区为单向冷却过程且没有遭受后期明显的热扰动。进一步温度‒时间热模拟路径显示,德兴和银山在70 Ma前经历了快速隆升过程,然后开始缓慢抬升,到约20 Ma开始再次快速隆升。结合前人报道的U-Th/He定年结果,100 Ma以来,德兴可能比银山具有相对更高的隆升量(~1 km)。     

用裂变径迹法研究白云鄂博主矿的成矿年龄

据磷灰石裂变径迹具有在较低温度下能够退火的特征，以及锆石径迹封闭温度在７５０℃以上的特点，研究同一矿石中两种不同单矿物产生的裂变径迹与记录条件（径迹长度变化）。测定白云鄂博主矿成矿年龄数据属于海西中晚期，其值为３．３￣４亿年，是改造后形成的时代。     

基于辐射损伤的磷灰石裂变径迹退火行为研究

目前裂变径迹低温热年代学的理论基础是建立在温度是导致径迹退火的唯一诱因之上的。然而，辐射损伤是否能够促进裂变径迹退火尚处于争论中。文章采用云南临沧四块花岗岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测试分析方法，对辐射损伤与裂变径迹退火行为之间的关系进行了研究。云南临沧磷灰石单颗粒年龄71～15 Ma，封闭径迹长度9～16μm, U含量24～290μg/g。统计分析结果表明，磷灰石封闭径迹长度以及单颗粒年龄分别随相应U含量增加而减小。综合分析认为，这种变化趋势初步表明了辐射损伤能够促进裂变径迹退火，是导致裂变径迹退火的另一诱因，为辐射损伤诱发裂变径迹退火行为研究提供了新证据。     

裂变径迹定年法Zeta常数的测定

用第６届国际裂变径迹测定地质年代学术讨论会推荐的三种锆石、两种磷灰石和一种榍石国际年龄标样对Ｚｅｔａ值进行了系统刻度，对ＮＢＳ－ＳＲＭ６１２铀标准玻璃测定的锆石Ｚｅｔａ值为（３３５．６±８．２）ａｃｍ￣２，磷灰石（３４３．３±１４．６）ａｃｍ￣２，榍石为（３４７．７±１５．８）ａｃｍ￣２，三种矿物之间的Ｚｅｔａ值无很大差异，统一的加权平均Ｚｅｔａ值为（３３９．２±６．６）ａｃｍ￣２。     

内蒙古银额盆地尚丹凹陷中生代构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹约束

本文通过对银额盆地东南缘尚丹凹陷的三条剖面开展磷灰石裂变径迹研究,揭示了研究区中生代构造演化史。5个样品的中心年龄为129±10~159±11 Ma,径迹长度在12.5±2.0~13.3±1.7μm之间,各样品径迹长度分布具有范围较宽、单峰的特征。反映了在晚侏罗世—早白垩世时期,受燕山Ⅲ幕构造运动影响,研究区遭受抬升、剥蚀的构造事件。该时期抬升速率约为40~55m/Ma,且由北向南逐渐降低,是研究区主要抬升期,油气系统遭受破坏。此后至白垩纪末,研究区阿木山组始终处于生烃门限温度内,且构造背景稳定,有利于油气生成。结合与北部凹陷带所开展工作(磷灰石裂变径迹记录年龄为90~113Ma),证明银额盆地中生代时期存在差异隆升,不同构造位置受不同期次构造运动的影响也存在差异,为银额盆地构造演化研究提供了依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)