基于垂直带谱的南北过渡带1:5万植被类型图遥感制图研究——以太白山为例

The compilation of 1:250,000 vegetation type map in the North-South transitional zone and 1:50,000 vegetation type maps in typical mountainous areas is one of the main tasks of Integrated Scientific Investigation of the North-South Transitional Zone of China.In the past,vegetation type maps were compiled by a large number of ground field surveys.Although the field survey method is accurate,it is not only time-consuming,but also only covers a small area due to the limitations of physical environment conditions.Remote sensing data can make up for the limitation of field survey because of its full coverage.However,there are still some difficulties and bottlenecks in the extraction of remote sensing information of vegetation types,especially in the automatic extraction.As an example of the compilation of 1:50,000 vegetation type map,this paper explores and studies the remote sensing extraction and mapping methods of vegetation type with medium and large scales based on mountain altitudinal belts of Taibai Mountain,using multi-temporal high resolution remote sensing data,ground survey data,previous vegetation type map and forest survey data.The results show that:1)mountain altitudinal belts can effectively support remote sensing classification and mapping of 1:50,000 vegetation type map in mountain areas.Terrain constraint factors with mountain altitudinal belt information can be generated by mountain altitudinal belts and 1:10,000 Digital Surface Model(DSM)data of Taibai Mountain.Combining the terrain constraint factors with multi-temporal and high-resolution remote sensing data,ground survey data and previous small-scale vegetation type map data,the vegetation types at all levels can be extracted effectively.2)The basic remote sensing interpretation and mapping process for typical mountains is interpretation of vegetation type-groups→interpretation of vegetation formation groups,formations and subformations→interpretation and classification of vegetation types&subtypes,which is a combination method of top-down method and bottom-up method,not the top-down or the bottom-up classification according to the level of mapping units.The results of this study provide a demonstration and scientific basis for the compilation of large and medium scale vegetation type maps.     

Rural resident household food consumption patterns in the Ganzhou district of Zhangye city: an analysis based on ELES Model

Demand for food plays an important role in the adjustment of prices for agricultural products and for adjusting agricultural structure.By using the extended linear expenditure system(ELES),we analyzed the food consumption structure of rural residents in the Ganzhou district of Zhangye city,and determined the basic food-consumption demand,the marginal propensity of consumption,the income elasticities of demand,and the own-price and cross-price elasticities of local rural residents,all of which illustrate the influencing factors on food consumption of rural residents and for forecasting the food-consumption structure.Those analyses show the following:the rural residents’ expenditure on household basic food consumption reaches about 7,050.35 Yuan;the marginal propensities of consumption of fruits and vegetables are relatively high(0.062 and 0.106,respectively),followed by meat(0.044);the demands for various foods are increasing as income increases,with the largest income elasticity of demand corresponding to fruits(1.354) and the lowest to cereal(0.310);fruits and vegetables have relatively high own-price elasticities(respectively-0.879 and-0.442),with the cereal having the lowest one(-0.184).An increase in cereal prices would greatly affect demand for other products;with the rising size of rural households,the consumption for meat is decreasing whereas it is increasing for cereal.The improvement of household education levels will lead to the increase of fruit consumption(E = 0.297),which indicates that people will pay more attention to diet and nutrition structure with the improvement of education.Further,although the amount of cereal expenditure is continually growing,the share will be declining with the increase of household income in 2006-2012.For all these reasons,therefore,the government should encourage the cultivation of economic crops and guide the development of stockbreeding to ensure the stability of cereal output.In order to attain the balance between supply and demand,it is important to rationally a     

珠江三角洲地区城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调研究

Urban resilience is an emerging research topic of urban studies, and its essence is described by the ability of cities to resist, recover, and adapt to uncertain disturbances. This paper constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" urban ecological resilience evaluation system, uses a coupling coordination degree model to measure the degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2015, and conducts an in-depth discussion on its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show the following.(1) From 2000 to 2015, the urbanization level of cities in the study area generally increased while the level of ecological resilience declined. The coupling coordination degree between the two systems decreased from basic coordination to basic imbalance.(2) In terms of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and ecological resilience of cities presented a circular pattern that centered on the cities at the estuary of the Pearl River and increased toward the periphery.(3) Ecological resilience sub-systems played variable roles in the coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience. Specifically, size resilience mainly played a reverse blocking role;the influence of morphology resilience was generally positive and continued to increase over time;the effect of density resilience was positive and continued to decline and further became negative after falling below zero. The main pathways for achieving coordinated and sustainable development of future urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta include: leading the coordinated development of regions with new urbanization, improving ecological resilience by strictly observing the three areas and three lines, adapting to ecological carrying capacity, and rationally arranging urban green spaces.     

Spatiotemporal evolution of urban carbon emission performance in China and prediction of future trends

Climate change resulting from CO_2 emissions has become an important global environmental issue in recent years.Improving carbon emission performance is one way to reduce carbon emissions.Although carbon emission performance has been discussed at the national and industrial levels,city-level studies are lacking due to the limited availability of statistics on energy consumption.In this study,based on city-level remote sensing data on carbon emissions in China from 1992–2013,we used the slacks-based measure of super-efficiency to evaluate urban carbon emission performance.The traditional Markov probability transfer matrix and spatial Markov probability transfer matrix were constructed to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of urban carbon emission performance in China for the first time and predict long-term trends in carbon emission performance.The results show that urban carbon emission performance in China steadily increased during the study period with some fluctuations.However,the overall level of carbon emission performance remains low,indicating great potential for improvements in energy conservation and emission reduction.The spatial pattern of urban carbon emission performance in China can be described as"high in the south and low in the north,"and significant differences in carbon emission performance were found between cities.The spatial Markov probabilistic transfer matrix results indicate that the transfer of carbon emission performance in Chinese cities is stable,resulting in a"club convergence"phenomenon.Furthermore,neighborhood backgrounds play an important role in the transfer between carbon emission performance types.Based on the prediction of long-term trends in carbon emission performance,carbon emission performance is expected to improve gradually over time.Therefore,China should continue to strengthen research and development aimed at improving urban carbon emission performance and achieving the national energy conservation and emission reduction goals.Meanwhile,neighboring cities with different neighborhood backgrounds should pursue cooperative economic strategies that balance economic growth,energy conservation,and emission reductions to realize low-carbon construction and sustainable development.     

长三角地区产业转型的大气污染效应——基于空间溢出视角

The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) is a region in China with a serious contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution. Exploring the spatiotemporal effects and influencing factors of air pollution in the region is highly important for formulating policies to promote the high-quality development of urban industries. This study uses the spatial Durbin model(SDM) to analyze the local direct and spatial spillover effects of industrial transformation on air pollution and quantifies the contribution of each factor. From 2008 to 2018, there was a significant spatial agglomeration of industrial sulfur dioxide emissions(ISDE) in the YRD, and every 1% increase in ISDE led to a synchronous increase of 0.603% in the ISDE in adjacent cities. The industrial scale index(ISCI) and industrial structure index(ISTI), as the core factors of industrial transformation, significantly affect the emissions of sulfur dioxide in the YRD, and the elastic coefficients are 0.677 and-0.368, respectively. The order of the direct effect of the explanatory variables on local ISDE is ISCI>ISTI>foreign direct investment(FDI)>enterprise technological innovation(ETI)>environmental regulation(ER)> per capita GDP(PGDP). Similarly, the order of the spatial spillover effect of all variables on ISDE in adjacent cities is ISCI>PGDP>FDI>ETI>ISTI>ER, and the coefficients of the ISCI and ISTI are 1.531 and 0.113, respectively. This study contributes to the existing research that verifies the environmental Kuznets curve in the YRD, denies the pollution heaven hypothesis, indicates the Porter hypothesis, and provides empirical evidence for the formation mechanism of regional environmental pollution from a spatial spillover perspective.     

1958-2017年长江流域气候变化的时空特征与热点区域

The Yangtze River Watershed in China is a climate change hotspot featuring strong spatial and temporal variability;hence, it poses a certain threat to social development. Identifying the characteristics of and regions vulnerable to climate change is significantly important for formulating adaptive countermeasures. However, with regard to the Yangtze River Watershed, there is currently a lack of research on these aspects from the perspective of natural and anthropogenic factors. To address this issue, in this study, based on the temperature and precipitation records from 717 meteorological stations, the RClim Dex and random forest models were used to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate change and identify mainly the natural and anthropogenic factors influencing climate change hotspots in the Yangtze River Watershed for the period 1958-2017. The results indicated a significant increasing trend in temperature, a trend of wet and dry polarization in the annual precipitation, and that the number of temperature indices with significant variations was 2.8 times greater than that of precipitation indices. Significant differences were also noted in the responses of the climate change characteristics of the sub-basins to anthropogenic and natural factors;the delta plain of the Yangtze River estuary exhibited the most significant climate changes, where 88.89% of the extreme climate indices varied considerably. Furthermore, the characteristics that were similar among the identified hotpots, including human activities(higher Gross Domestic Product and construction land proportions) and natural factors(high altitudes and large proportions of grassland and water bodies), were positively correlated with the rapid climate warming.     

CHENGTU-A STUDY IN URBAN GEOGRAPHY

1. Location and Historical Development Chengtu, the capital city of western Szechwan, is located on the lower part of the Min and Tu alluvial fan (Fig.1) which has an area of about 6,000 sq.km., and is the most fertile irrigated fields of the western China. The autbor discusses the location and site of the city to compare with other cities on the alluvial fan, and finds that the selection and development of Chengtu as a capital city is due chiefly to the reason that it is situated at the terminus point o...     

中国山地范围界定的初步意见

中国山地的范围一直缺乏可操作的、准确的量化方法,从而导致对山地及其内部资源、环境、人口和发展问题认识的不全面.同时,准确界定山地范围是实施数字山地战略的一项基础性工作.在前人研究的基础上,采用两种方案确定中国山地范围.方案一:将满足以下两种情况的国土界定为山地,1)海拔≥3 000 m;2)海拔≥1300～3 000 m,同时相对高差>200 m或坡度>25°.根据此标准计算,中国山地面积为4 000 265 km2,占中国陆地面积的41.67%.方案二:根据UNEP-WCMC的标准,将满足下述情况的国土定义为山地,1)海拔≥2 500 m;2)海拔≥1 500～2 500 m,坡度≥2°;3)海拔≥1 000～1 500 m,坡度≥5°或相对高差≥300 m;4)海拔≥300～1 000 m,相对高差≥300 m.根据此标准计算,中国山地面积为4 426 130 km2占中国陆地面积的46.11%.按两种方法计算所得的分省山地面积中,前5名都是西藏、青海、新疆、四川和云南.将两种方案计算的山地面积按高程划分为六级:①300～1 000 m(含300 m),②1 000～1 500 m(含1 000 m),③1 500～2 500 m(含1 500 m),④2 500～3 500 m(含2 500 m),⑤3 500～4 500 m(含3 500 m),⑥≥4 500 m.根据两种方案的定义,海拔3 500 m以上的山地面积相等;除了方案-在300～1 000 m间山地较方案二多324 508 km2外,其余几个级别山地的面积均为方案二大于方案-的山地面积,其中2 500～3 500 m间多133 432 km2,1 500～2 500 m间多336 186 km2,1 000～1 500 m间多282 273 km2.     

美丽中国与国土空间规划关系的地理学思考

The concept of‘Beautiful China'is a new goal of ecological construction in the new era of socialism and aims to meet the needs of people as they strive for a better life.National land spatial planning is one major component of the Chinese state's overall planning for various spatial types.The concept of‘Beautiful China'is thus a leading goal of Chinese development in the second centenary.The background of this concept aims for‘ecological beauty'as well as the combined beauty of‘economy-politics-culture-society-ecology.'The construction of‘Beautiful China'therefore necessitates a differentiated evaluation index system that is built on the basis of local conditions.This concept is intimately related to land spatial planning and the idea of Beautiful China guides an important direction for this planning which itself provides an important mechanism and spatial guarantee for construction.The establishment of land spatial planning nevertheless needs to strengthen further discussion of the regional system of human-land relationship,point axis system,main functional division,sustainable development,resources and environmental carrying capacity as well as new urbanization,and the rural multi-system.The aim of this paper is to summarize current thinking in land spatial planning,scientifically analyze the natural geographical conditions,the socioeconomic development,the interrelationship of the land space,plan the goal,vision and path of land space,encourage the public to participate in and carry out dynamic evaluation,build an intelligent system platform for land and spatial planning to realize the goal of‘Beautiful China'from a geographical perspective.And they can also present key ideas relating to the compilation and implementation of land spatial planning.     

中国欠发达地区可持续减贫与绿色发展研究

In 2020, the decisive victory of building a moderately well-off society in all aspects means that absolute poverty in rural China has been completely eliminated. Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and establishing a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty have become key issues in high-quality development of underdeveloped areas. In this study, human-earth system is employed to analyze the element composition, structural organization and functional state of underdeveloped areas. The results show that poverty in underdeveloped areas stems from the lack of the coupling and coordinating mechanism among human, economic, resource and environmental elements, which is not conducive to transforming the ecological advantages into the advantages of regional development. In the antipoverty stage, underdeveloped areas innovate the human-earth coupling and coordinating mechanism through a series of targeted measures, promote the organic combination of poverty alleviation, ecological conservation and sustainable development, and boost the transformation of regional development and the increase of farmers’ incomes. Focusing on the 14 th Five-year Plan(2021–2025) and the long-term goal of 2035, governments in underdeveloped areas should make full use of the policy support to explore scientific methods of modern governance and sustainable development. In particular, it is necessary to practice the concept that "clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" and take the road of the ecologicalization of industry and the industrialization of ecology by establishing a policy system of "green land", "green people", "green industry" and "green right", thus building an endogenous growth mechanism of sustainable poverty alleviation and green development in China’s underdeveloped areas.     

Variation and abrupt change of climate in Ili River Basin, Xinjiang

In this paper, the monthly precipitation and temperature data collected at 7 stations in the Ili River Basin from 1961 to 2007 were analyzed by means of simple regression analysis, running mean, db6 wavelet function and Mann-Kendall test. This study revealed the characteristics of climate change and abrupt change points of precipitation and temperature during different time scales in the Ili River Basin within the past 50 years. The results showed that the precipitation increased from the mid-1980s until 2000 and has continued to increase at a smaller magnitude since 2000. Over the studied period, the precipitation increased significantly during the summer and winter months. The temperature increased greatly in the late 1980s, and has continued to show an increasing trend from the year 2000 to present. The temperature increases were most significant during the summer, autumn and winter months. In terms of different geographies, the temperature increase was significant during the winter in the plains and hilly regions; the increase was also significant during autumn in the intermontane basins. The climate change trends in the Ili River Basin were consistent with the changing trends of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the plateau monsoon.     

1957-2012年讨赖河流域潜在蒸发量变化

在气象观测数据基础上,运用数理统计方法对讨赖河流域1957-2012年潜在蒸发量变化的研究表明：（1）讨赖河流域潜在蒸发量的季节变化不尽相同,秋、冬季潜在蒸发量20世纪60、70年代偏少,80、90年代及2000年后偏多;春、夏季潜在蒸发量60、80年代偏高、90年代及2000年以后偏低,年和湿季变化趋势相似,均表现为60-80年代偏低,90年代及2000年以后偏高。（2）就年际变化而言,年和湿季潜在蒸发量的变化趋势较为相似,季节潜在蒸发量均表现为增加趋势,夏季增幅最大,秋季最小。（3）各季节和年序列均存在10～15年的短周期变化及26～28年的长周期变化。（4）流域春、夏、秋、冬以及年和湿季潜在蒸发量分别在1995、2000、1984、1980、1997年和1992年突变增加,并通过了0.01的显著性水平检验;干季潜在蒸发量经历了两次突变增加,分别发生在1980年和1995年。     

祁连山讨赖河流域1957—2012年极端气候变化

全球气候变化背景下,极端气候事件发生的频率逐年增大,由此引发的气象灾害事件也随之增加。鉴此,本文利用祁连山讨赖河流域1957—2012年的气象观测资料,对该流域23个极端气候指数的时空变化特征做了研究。结果表明：（1）极端气温升高趋势明显,夜间和白天极端低温日数显著减少,极端气温昼指数显著增大;气温日较差变化幅度很小,霜冻日数显著减少,生长季长度明显加长,冰冻日数2000年后增加;夜指数增大幅度大于昼指数,秋、冬季极端气温升高幅度大于春、夏季。（2）极端降水指数增大趋势明显,雨日降水总量、连续五日降水总量和中雨天数均展现出增大态势,反映出连续降水事件的增加;极端降水量事件增大显著,但雨日降水强度变化不大;除最多连续无降水日数外,极端降水日数指数展现出增大趋势;降水日数夏、秋季节分配趋向均匀化;降水量的增加主要是单次降水时间持续加长和中雨日数增加的贡献;高海拔区极端降水事件发生的频次较大。     

1956—2013年曹家湖流域径流深变化

在古浪河水文站观测数据基础上,运用数理统计方法对曹家湖流域1956—2013年径流深变化的研究表明:(1)曹家湖流域春、夏、秋、冬季径流深的变化趋势均表现为20世纪80年代偏多,2000年后偏少,这两个时段内年径流深与季节径流深变化一致;除冬季外,其他季节20世纪60年代径流深均高于多年平均;夏、冬季和年径流深70、90年代偏多。(2)就年际变化而言,春、夏、秋季径流深均表现为减小趋势,但不显著,冬季径流深呈不显著微弱增加趋势。受季节变化的影响,年径流深也表现出减小的态势。(3)各季节径流深变化均存在4~18a的短周期变化,除春季外,其他季节径流深变化还存在28~30a的长周期变化。(4)研究区春、秋、冬季和年径流深分别在2008、1961、2007、2007年突变减小,除冬季外,其他均未通过95%的显著性水平检验;研究时段内,夏季径流深经历了两次突变显著减少,分别出现在1966年和2007年。(5)研究区春、夏、秋季以及年降水量与径流深之间存在显著的正相关关系,冬季降水量与径流深存在不显著的负相关关系。     

乌鲁木齐河流域气候变化的区域差异特征及突变分析

利用乌鲁木齐河流域气象站的气温和降水资料,运用一元回归分析法和5年趋势滑动,进行了气候变化的趋势分析。结果表明:乌鲁木齐河流域的年平均气温在20世纪60-80年代偏低,90年代以后偏高,即80年代前呈下降趋势,90年代后呈上升趋势,并且秋、冬季升温幅度较大;60年代降水量最少,之后逐渐增多,2000年以来迅速增多;气温变化在空间上表现出上游气温低于下游,秋、冬季气候变暖明显早于春、夏季;降水变化的空间差异也明显。在此基础上,利用滑动T检验法、YAMAMOTO检验信噪比(SNR)、Mann-Kendall法、Cramer法和Pettitt法进行气候突变分析。结果表明:乌鲁木齐河流域气温降水突变不明显,不同方法检验的结果不太一致;春、夏季气温可能在1997年发生突变,而秋、冬季在80年代末90年代初发生突变。     

三江源地区1961-2010年降水时空变化(英文)

Based on a monthly dataset of precipitation time series (1961-2010) from 12 meteorological stations across the Three-River Headwater Region (THRHR) of Qinghai Province, China, the spatio-temporal variation and abrupt change analysis of precipitation were examined by using moving average, linear regression, spline interpolation, the Mann-Kendall test and so on. Major conclusions were as follows. (1) The long-term annual and seasonal precipitation in the study area indicated an increasing trend with some oscillations during 1961-2010; however, the summer precipitation in the Lantsang (Lancang) River Headwater Region (LARHR), and the autumn precipitation in the Yangtze River Headwater Region (YERHR) of the THRHR decreased in the same period. (2) The amount of annual precipitation in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions was greater in the 1980s and 2000s. The springs were fairly wet after the 1970s, while the summers were relatively wet in the 1960s, 1980s and 2000s. In addition, the amount of precipitation in the autumn was greater in the 1970s and 1980s, but it was relatively less for the winter precipitation, except in the 1990s. (3) The normal values of spring, summer, winter and annual precipitation in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions all increased, but the normal value of summer precipitation in the LARHR had a negative trend and the normal value of winter precipitation declined in general. (4) The spring and winter precipitation increased in most of the THRHR. The summer, autumn and annual precipitation increased mainly in the marginal area of the west and north and decreased in the regions of Yushu, Zaduo, Jiuzhi and Banma. (5) The spring and winter precipitation in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions showed an abrupt change, except for the spring precipitation in the YARHR. The abrupt changes of spring precipitation were mainly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, while the abrupt changes of winter precipitation were primary in the mid-to late 1970s. This research would be helpful for further understanding the trends and periodicity of precipitation and for watershed-based water resource management in the THRHR.     

1960-2010 年中国天山山区气候变化区域差异及突变特征

利用天山山区32 个气象站点1960-2010 年的逐月平均气温、降水数据和DEM数据等,进行了气候时空变化趋势和突变分析,研究结果表明：山区近50 年来年均气温呈明显的上升趋势,21 世纪以来年均温增加最明显,季节均温与年均温的变化趋势基本一致,冬季均温增加最明显,夏季均温变化最小;山区东段升温趋势最明显,北坡的变化趋势明显于南坡.自20 世纪60 年代以来降水量持续递增,其中80 年代开始更加明显;夏季降水量增加最明显,春季变化最小,山区年降水主要集中在春夏两季;山区气候空间分布呈现“两中心”的特征,东段为“干热”中心,西北部为“暖湿”中心,这两个中心的气候反差有扩大的趋势;山区气温和降水突变不太明显,春夏季气温突变可能发生在20 个世纪90 年代末至21 世纪初;秋冬季气温突变在20 世纪90 年代可能发生过;南坡和东段年均温突变可能发生在1982 年,北坡大致发生在1990 年左右.秋季降水突变发生在20 世纪80 年代末,其他季节不明显,年降水突变发生在80年代末期.     

2000-2012年祁连山植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性

研究祁连山地区植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的响应关系对这一地区土地利用总体特征以及对区域及全球气候和环境变化都将产生深远的意义。利用2000-2012年美国国家航空航天局提供的MODIS NDVI数据并结合相应的气候资料,通过对逐像元信息的提取和分析,运用均值法、斜率分析法、相关分析法,研究了2000-2012年不同季节祁连山植被覆盖的时空变化及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明:13 a来祁连山植被覆盖整体上呈增加趋势,其中春季植被改善最为明显,秋季次之;植被覆盖变化在不同季节都存在明显的空间差异;不同季节植被与气温、降水的时滞效应不尽相同;祁连山春季大部分地区NDVI与气温呈显著正相关,夏季NDVI与降水呈显著正相关,秋、冬季NDVI与降水、气温的相关性不明显。     

2000—2018年青海湖流域气温和降水量变化趋势空间分布特征

青藏高原是全球气候变化的敏感区,气温和降水量的空间分布及变化趋势是气候变化研究的核心和基础,为开展生态环境变化评估提供基础资料。基于2000—2018年青海湖流域及其周边气象站观测数据,以高程为协变量,结合专业气象插值软件ANUSPLIN对气温和降水量进行空间插值。利用线性回归法分析了青海湖流域2000—2018年气温和降水量的变化趋势;利用双变量空间自相关分析法分析了青海湖流域气温和降水量空间匹配关系。结果表明：（1） 2000—2018年青海湖流域年平均气温呈显著增加趋势,平均增速为0.30 ℃·（10a）^-1,春季增温显著。（2） 降水量呈显著增加趋势,平均增速为73.20 mm·（10a）^-1,春夏季增速显著、秋季变化不明显、冬季趋于变干。（3） 青海湖流域气温和降水量空间匹配差异显著。从年尺度来看,气温和降水量莫兰指数（Moran’s I）为-0.66,表现为显著的负相关,面积比为67.56%,水热组合空间匹配不佳。从季节尺度来看,青海湖流域春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的气温和降水量Moran’s I分别为-0.49、-0.80、-0.32和-0.14,均为空间负相关。春夏季,流域低海拔区域气温逐渐升高,高海拔区域降水量逐渐增多,气温和降水量空间负相关面积逐渐增大,水热组合空间匹配不佳。值得强调的是青海湖巨大水体对环湖区局地气温的调节作用明显,是青海湖流域的“气候调节器”。     

新疆气候时空变化特征及其趋势(英文)

Temperature and precipitation time series datasets from 1961 to 2005 at 65 meteorological stations were used to reveal the spatial and temporal trends of climate change in Xinjiang, China. Annual and seasonal mean air temperature and total precipitation were analyzed using Mann-Kendall (MK) test, inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, and R/S methods. The results indicate that: (1) both temperature and precipitation increased in the past 45 years, but the increase in temperature is more obvious than that of precipitation; (2) for temperature increase, the higher the latitude and the higher the elevation the faster the increase, though the latitude has greater influence on the increase. Northern Xinjiang shows a faster warming than southern Xinjiang, especially in summer; (3) increase of precipitation occurs mainly in winter in northern Xinjiang and in summer in southern Xinjiang. Ili, which has the most precipitation in Xinjiang, shows a weak increase of precipitation; (4) although both temperature and precipitation increased in general, the increase is different inside Xinjiang; (5) Hurst index (H) analysis indicates that climate change will continue the current trends.