西准噶尔包古图Ⅴ号岩体围岩蚀变的特征及ETM+蚀变信息的提取

以新疆西准噶尔包古图Ⅴ号岩体为例,系统论述了包古图Ⅴ号含矿岩体的围岩蚀变分带和蚀变期次。结合ETM+数据的特征,选择多种遥感图像预处理方法组合,建立了基于典型蚀变矿物的特征光谱拟合技术的多光谱遥感蚀变信息提取模型,即遥感数据的归一化处理(Calibration )+掩膜(Mask)+混合像元分解(Endmember Unmixing)+波谱拟合(Spectral Feature Fitting)+ SAM+分类(分割)的CES模型。据此模型对岩体进行信息提取,并与化探资料叠加验证了该方法的可行性,取得了较满意的效果。     

遥感蚀变信息提取研究综述

矿物蚀变信息是地质找矿的重要依据和手段，利用遥感数据提取蚀变信息是遥感应用领域研究的热点.通过对近年来蚀变信息提取涉及的遥感数据、矿物类别、常用方法等进行梳理，对比分析不同遥感蚀变信息提取方法的效果，总结了遥感蚀变信息提取的发展方向.结果表明，遥感数据朝着高空间分辨率发展，蚀变信息的地面精度随之提高；光谱分辨率的提高使得可提取矿物越来越多；数学方法和人工智能的发展提升了蚀变信息提取方法的应用空间.     

新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿蚀变岩石的光谱特征及其意义

地物的光谱特征是遥感识别地物的主要依据,不同地物的反射光谱具有其特定的吸收特征谱带。利用ASD和PIMA反射光谱测试仪对新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿Ⅱ号、Ⅴ号斑岩铜矿岩体的蚀变围岩(地表采样与钻井采样)进行测试,并对结果进行分析总结。根据反射光谱特征谱带获得蚀变矿物的种类,确定了岩体的蚀变矿物组合,得到反射光谱的吸收谷在ASTER数据中所处的波段;对反射光谱曲线进行数学积分,获得ASTER数据中的强吸收波段。将以上2种分析得到的吸收性波段组合应用于蚀变遥感异常信息提取,结果表明蚀变遥感异常与野外地质特征吻合程度较高。反射光谱分析表明确定岩石矿物的反射光谱特征谱带是进行遥感信息提取工作的前提,波段组合选取对提取蚀变遥感异常信息非常重要。     

基于光谱相似尺度的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取

提出一种基于光谱相似尺度遥感矿化蚀变信息提取的新方法:首先根据蚀变岩及矿体围岩的实测光谱数据,利用光谱相似尺度方法,直接从TM图像中提取与金属矿化有关的蚀变信息.通过对青海芒崖地区遥感矿化蚀变信息提取的试验,表明该方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于光谱相似尺度的支持向量机蚀变信息提取

文章提出一种基于光谱相似尺度(spectral similarity scale-SSS)的支持向量机(support vector machines-SVM)遥感数据矿化蚀变信息提取的新方法.该方法选择青海两兰地区作为遥感矿化蚀变信息典型研究区,利用该区域的Landsat7ETM遥感影像结合地面实况调查数据,从图像上选取少量具有代表性的样本点的光谱作为参考光谱,利用SSS方法提取训练样本,然后应用SVM算法进行遥感矿化蚀变信息提取.试验结果经野外检查和验证,效果良好.     

滇东北北部遥感蚀变信息提取与研究意义

依据工作区ETM+数据特征,采用主成分分析、比值处理、平滑滤波等技术进行遥感蚀变信息提取、获得遥感蚀变信息异常图。深入研究蚀变信息异常的分布特征,结合区域成矿特点,表明蚀变异常信息是重要的找矿标志。     

基于ASTER数据矿化蚀变信息提取的主成分特征向量组合模型研究——以内蒙古红旗山地区为例

内蒙古额济纳旗红旗山地区矿产资源丰富,但地质勘查工作程度不深,且矿体分散,传统找矿方法难以展开,使用ASTER数据针对该地区进行矿化蚀变信息提取。在经典crosta方法基础上,针对该地区出现较多的铁染蚀变、高岭石+绢云母化和绿泥石化3组不同的蚀变矿物,使用相应特征向量组合模型的主成分分析法进行蚀变信息提取工作,圈定了蚀变异常靶区,与实际矿体和蚀变带有较好相关性,体现了ASTER数据在粘土矿化信息蚀变方面的优势,证明该方法在类似地区的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取工作中的可行性。     

基于蚀变信息场的遥感蚀变信息提取

遥感色调异常是遥感矿化信息识别和遥感找矿的重要标志.用于蚀变信息提取的图像处理方法主要有比值增强和主成分分析两种方法.然而,如何识别和划分多光谱数据中的异常色调没有统一的标准.文章从图像增强、特征变量选择、特征变量组合分析、特征色调空间展布规律,建立研究区的模式识别字典,提出蚀变信息场理论,从蚀变信息场场强的角度对预测区的异常色调进行定量反演.在吉林东部小西南岔铜金床找矿预测中取得显著效果.     

ASTER遥感数据蚀变遥感异常提取研究

基于ETM+/TM数据提取矿化蚀变遥感异常已趋于成熟, 而利用ASTER(先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪)遥感数据提取矿化蚀变遥感异常鲜有报道。本研究利用USGS波谱数据库中典型蚀变矿物反射率数据, 重建其在ASTER数据中波谱曲线研究表明, ASTER遥感数据可以提取Mg-OH、Al-OH、CO32?和Fe3+离子(基团)信息。热液矿床的蚀变围岩通常含有上述4种离子(基团), 它们的波谱特征是蚀变遥感异常提取的理论依据。本研究利用改进“去干扰异常主分量门限技术流程”, 以河北省承德地区和太行山区为例, 上述离子(基团)信息提取结果与野外实际分布相一致, 表明利用ASTER遥感数据提取上述4种离子(基团)信息是可靠的。     

比值法遥感蚀变信息提取及阈值确定

利用主成分分析法、比值法提取遥感蚀变信息的技术业已成熟。以图像数字处理理论为基础,以典型蚀变矿物的诊断性波谱特征为依据,建立TM数据组合比值法遥感蚀变信息提取模型,利用遥感图像灰度值直方图确定阈值范围,并将模型应用于阜平县赤瓦屋一带。结果表明,组合比值方法比单波段比值方法提取的蚀变信息更全面,蚀变信息切割阈值确定方法合理、简捷,提取的蚀变遥感异常与已知矿点和野外检查结果具有较好的一致性,为研究区下一步地质找矿工作提供了依据     

吉林省海沟金矿区围岩蚀变特征

通过专题研究，首次识别出矿体围岩二长花岗岩为交代蚀变成因，其原岩是石英二长岩和石英闪长岩；分辨出6种蚀变类型。存在成矿前，成矿期和成矿后3个蚀变阶段。先后发生8次蚀变；基本查清了它们的蚀变强度。蚀变类型组合及分布规律。     

The geochemistry of wall rock alteration in turbidite-hosted gold vein deposits, central Victoria, Australia

Gold deposits hosted in Ordovician to Devonian turbidites in central Victoria, Australia, consist of steeply dipping quartz vein systems hosted mainly by reverse faults. Wall rock alteration of the host metasandstones, metasiltstones and shales (or slates) extends at least 20 m from the veins in the Bendigo-Ballarat zone (BBZ) and 10 m in the Melbourne zone (MZ) deposits. Alteration minerals include carbonates (ankerite, siderite and dolomite) chlorite, seriate, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, with less common barite, albite and biotite in the BBZ and carbonates (siderite, ankerite, dolomite and ferromagnesite), sericite, chlorite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and stibnite with less common chalcostibite in the MZ. SiO₂, Na₂O, MgO and Sr with P₂O₅ commonly decreasing during alteration while CO₂, S, As, Sb, Au, V, Al₂O₃, Ga, K₂O and Rb with Ni and Cr commonly increase. TiO₂, FeO, Fe₂O₃, MnO, Th, U, Nb, La, Ce, and Sc showed little change. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ca are variable.The relatively large decrease of SiO₂ could account for most, if not all, quartz present in the ore veins. The Na₂O and MgO could have crystallized in the veins in the very minor albite and chlorite present. The addition of V in all and Ni and Cr in most deposits probably reflects a source enriched in these elements such as underlying greenstones. The source of both the volatile (S, As, Sb) and lithophile (K₂O and Rb) elements as well as Au is unknown, but they could have been derived from a magmatic source or from the metamorphism of Cambrian greenstones. CO₂, present as carbonate, was derived mainly by the reaction of graphite, originally present in the sediments, with the ore solutions. Al₂O₃, the only other major element after SiO₂, probably increased mainly due to the decrease of the latter.     

福建留安山钼多金属矿地质特征及围岩蚀变研究

正我国钼矿资源丰富,近年来钼矿找矿实现重大突破。钼金属及合金具有重大的战略储备价值,在冶金、军事、航空航天等领域广泛应用,被各国政府视为战略金属。目前,福建省发现有漳平北坑场斑岩型钼矿、古田西朝斑岩型钼矿、建阳井后岩浆—热液型钼矿、龙岩学堂坑矽卡岩型钼多金属矿等若干大中小型矿山。     

Modelling of rock alteration due to coupled heat and mass transport

 A three-dimensional computer model is presented for studying the interaction of heat and mass transport regarding the temporal and spatial evolution of sandstones. The model simulates coupled heat and reactive mass transport in porous rocks. In general, mineral solubilities in water are low. Therefore, large fluid volumes are required to flow through the rock to explain observed mineral cements in sandstones. Besides mass transport, pore fluids transport heat which modifies rock temperatures. Very high flow rates result in strong temperature modifications and, therefore, enhance diagenesis. Low flow rates often cannot account for observed cementation. The model results show the effect of advective, convective and conductive heat transport on temperature and diagenetic evolution of sandstones for two different flow systems in a simple geological environment. Received: 6 August 1996/Accepted: 18 December 1996     

Sulphide geochemistry and wall rock alteration as a guide to mineralization, mammoth area, NW Queensland, Australia

Stratabound mineralization in the Mammoth area of NW Queensland occurs in steeply dipping, faulted Proterozoic arenites and dolomitic rocks overlying basic volcanics. Both syngenetic/diagenetic and epigenetic sulphides are present, with the latter divided into Mammoth- and South Mammoth II-styles. Syngenetic/diagenetic pyrite is distinguished from epigenetic pyrite by higher Co and Ni, and lower As, Mo, Sb and Tl contents. Chalcopyrite is the major copper sulphide associated with syngenetic/diagenetic pyrite and is characterized by low Ag, Bi, Mo, Ni and Tl contents relative to epigenetic chalcopyrite. No substantial wall rock alteration is associated with such sulphides. Disseminated syngenetic/diagenetic sulphides in the mine sequence may have induced deposition of epigenetic Cu mineralization, but alone, even when remobilized, do not reach economic grades.The four epigenetic Mammoth orebodies are all richer in chalcocite and bornite than syngenetic/diagenetic mineralization and have wall rock alteration characterized by alkali depletion and Fe enrichment in the zone between the ore and the fault considered the conduit for the hydrothermal ore-forming fluids. Pyrite associated with Mammoth-style mineralization has high As, Mo, Sb and Tl contents and was formed subsequent to the copper sulphides.Thick, essentially barren, pyritic sequences occur at South Mammoth II where the moderate As, high Mo, Sb and Tl contents reflect their hydrothermal origin but distinguish them from Mammoth-style pyrite. Their low As/Sb ratio and lack of wall rock alteration imply a lower temperature of formation than the Mammoth-style pyrite and possibly such mineralization represents the pre-ore stage of the Mammoth mineralizing hydrothermal system.An essential feature of economic Cu mineralization in NW Queensland is the operation of a hydrothermal system. As all such systems may not necessarily give rise to extensive wall rock alteration, use of the high As, Mo, Sb and Tl contents of hydrothermal pyrite can aid evaluation of mineralization intersected during drilling.     

新疆白杨河铀铍矿床围岩蚀变及其地球化学特征

文章阐述了新疆白杨河铀铍矿床的近矿围岩蚀变特征,指出与矿化关系密切的围岩蚀变主要是赤铁矿化和萤石化。矿床岩石地球化学分析结果表明,靠近矿化中心带蚀变岩石的SiO2含量降低,而CaO、MgO的含量升高;Pb、Mo和Sb等元素含量与铀矿化具有正相关性,是该矿床铀富集的良好指示性标志。     

黑龙江东宁县金厂金矿围岩蚀变和成矿年代学特征

金厂金矿床位于黑龙江省东宁县境内,构造上位于显生宙兴蒙造山带东端,隶属松辽地块.由于缺乏精确可靠的成矿时代和深入的热液蚀变研究,导致前人对该矿床的类型存在不同认识.为深入认识该矿床的类型和形成时代,文章对矿区18#矿体的7个钻孔岩心进行了详细的热液蚀变矿物组合分带和成矿时代研究.结果表明,该矿体在水平方向上和垂向上均存在较为明显的蚀变分带现象;从底部到顶部分别发育钾长石化带、绢英岩化带和青磐岩化带.该分带现象与典型的斑岩型矿床的垂向蚀变分带特征一致,暗示该矿床应为斑岩型;黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩和花岗斑岩脉中的绢云母单颗粒Rb-Sr同位素测年结果分别为(107±5) Ma和(110±3 )Ma,表明成矿时代发生在110 Ma左右.这与花岗斑岩脉中锆石获得的(113±2)Ma 的U-Pb年龄一致,进一步支持该矿床类型为斑岩型金矿的结论.根据目前矿区矿体剥蚀情况来看,斑岩体尚未出露,深部仍有很大的找矿前景.     

GEOCHEMICAL KINETIC SIMULATION ON WALL—ROCK ALTERATION ZONING IN THE BAOBAN GOLD FIELD，SOUTH CHINA

The Baoban gold field,located in the area of Hainan Island ,South China ,bears three gold de-posits :Tuwaishan ,Baoban ,and Erjia ,which belong to the wall-rock alteration type.In terms of the petrography data,four alteration zones can be recognized from the ore-vein outwards(1)the silicification zone;(2)the sericitization zone;(3)the chloritization zone;and (4)the calcitization zone.The geochemical kinetic simulation was carried out on sericitization and chloritization .Results of the study showed that the formation of the alteration zones is connected with the properties of hydrothermal fluids:the initial concentration of Al (O H)3,the diffusion coefficient and the velocity of fluid flow.The alteration zones in this field are the result of multiple interaction between hydrothermal fluids and wall rocks.