煤层气U型井水平井固井技术研究

U型井是煤层气资源开采的一种新型模式,在水平井固井施工时易出现水泥浆冲刷洞穴,部分水泥浆进入洞穴直井,破坏直井,另外,斜井段顶替效率低,容易造成泥浆窜槽,影响固井质量.为了解决这一问题,提出了分流水泥浆套管串结构和采用低密度水泥浆+速凝早强水泥浆体系固井技术.该工艺技术不仅保证了水泥浆能顺利返至地面,也避免了水泥浆对直井洞穴的冲刷,确保固井质量,因而在类似煤层气U型井固井作业时具有良好的应用前景,可逐步推广.     

煤矿井下远端水平对接钻孔钻进技术应用

为了提高地面煤层气井组抽采效率,通过对煤矿井下远端水平对接钻孔的结构设计、钻孔轨迹控制技术及对接工艺技术等施工技术进行研究,利用泥浆脉冲无线随钻测量复合定向钻进技术和主动磁测距技术来实现钻孔轨迹控制、精准对接贯通。结合保德煤矿生产需要施工完成一个主孔孔深为1 544 m远端水平对接钻孔,该钻孔成功与地面U型井组直井洞穴顺利连通,首次实现煤矿井下水平定向长钻孔与地面直井远端对接连通,平均日产气量超过3 000 m~3。结果表明,主动磁测距技术可以有效的降低定向钻孔轨迹测量累积误差、消除靶点标定误差,实现精确中靶。井下远端水平对接钻孔与地面U型井组直井成功贯通为煤矿区井下和地面井组抽采系统构建了连通通道,降低了煤矿区域瓦斯排采成本,为井下、地面立体式联合抽采模式的应用提供了技术支持。     

洞穴完井工艺在寿阳地区煤层气钻井中的应用

洞穴完井工艺包括钻井、完井、排水采气等工序,为提高煤层渗透率,最大限度的保证煤层气解析与运移,洞穴完井一般要求有效井径3-4m,及一定范围的破碎带。远东能源公司为开采寿阳地区15#煤层中的煤层气,部署了4口生产井．其井身设计为三开结构。钻井主要设备为T685WS顶驱车载钻机及多台不同型号的空压机,采用潜孔锤冲击钻进．以空气、空气泡沫为冲洗介质,钻进至15#目标煤层底板以下46m处完钻,然后利用可伸缩式扩孔器进行扩孔。在扩孔至距三开井底8～10m时．开始采用空气和清水憋压,通过瞬间释放压力,使煤层坍塌,如此反复,至造穴直径达到要求。由于严格按照技术标准及操作流程作业,采取的技术措施合理,4口井均已顺利投入生产,增产效果显著。可见该种洞穴完井技术的应用,不仅可以保护煤层原生结构及环境,并且还能减少煤层气射孔、压裂等环节的费用．对于煤层气井施工具有重要的经济意义。     

大孔径瓦斯抽放井施工中井内落物打捞

华晋焦煤沙曲矿瓦斯抽放井设计井深405．00m、井径φ700mm,在二次成井中靶后利用自制φ700mm三牙轮组合钻头进行扩孔作业。扩孔作业至150m时,发生三翼牙轮组合钻头掉翼事故,经探查发现井内落物落至井深295m处。根据下落物的重量、形状及井身结构,设计制作了套铣打捞器。自制的套铣打捞工具直径为φ420mm,大小与二开井径较接近,与井壁环空较小,为避免发生二次卡钻事故,采用先扩孔至井中落物,再进行套铣打捞作业的方式施工。打捞采用气举反循环方式,慢转、轻放,经过反复套铣打捞,将二块井中落物打捞出井,事故处理比较成功。     

贵州织纳煤田煤层气井二次固井工艺

固井是煤层气开发过程中的重要环节,对后期射孔、压裂及排采等工序影响重大。通过介绍研究区某井在固井时出现返高不足,影响固井质量的问题,从压裂、地质和固井角度分析了进行二次固井的必要性,同时也找出了该井返高不足的原因,然后采用射孔挤水泥工艺进行二次固井。固井后质量检测显示,水泥返高达到设计要求,固井质量合格。该井为同地区出现类似问题的煤层气井提供了参考。     

煤矿瓦斯抽放井一次成井工艺及技术效果

煤矿瓦斯抽放井要求垂直精度高、井径大,通常采用常规钻探工艺时,需进行3-4次扩孔才能达到最终孔径,施工时间较长,钻进效率较低。此次在端氏煤矿施工的大口径瓦斯抽放井,采用了的一次成井钻进技术及工艺方法,钻进口径达到φ660mm,选用了江汉735型和715型系列镶齿牙轮钻头,采用塔式加重钻具控制并保证了钻井的重直度,采用密度较大的化学泥浆和保持大泵量排渣,避免了井底牙轮钻头的重复破碎,确保了钻进效果。与传统的扩孔工艺相比,缩短了施工周期,成井质量高,提高了钻进效率,降低了钻进成本。     

煤层气U型对接井施工关键技术探讨

煤层气地面排采先后经历了常规直井、常规定向井、U型井以及羽状分支井等阶段,其中U型井具有同步排采,占地少、最大限度沟通煤层裂隙等优点而逐渐成为当今煤层气地面排采的新宠。以YQ01井组为例,对U型对接井施工中难点问题进行梳理,提出了各主要施工阶段需要注意事项及技术措施,解决了井眼轨迹控制难、复杂情况高发、水平井与直井连通精度高等问题。节省了钻井成本,为后续煤层气U型对接井施工提供了技术借鉴。     

PDC金刚石复合片扩孔钻头及其在科学深钻中的应用

介绍了科学深钻的特点,针对科钻需要小钻取心大钻扩眼成井的独特施工工艺,对用于科钻扩孔钻进的扩孔钻头进行了详细的结构探讨,并针对即将实施的科松二井的地层提出了一整套适合该孔地层的PDC金刚石复合片扩孔钻头设计方案。     

水平定向钻穿越松散地层中水泥固化技术研究

本文围绕江西省天然气管道水平定向穿越施工实例,对水平定向钻穿越卵砾石层（不稳定地层）进行固孔、防止坍塌问题进行了试验和研究。结合油田钻井工艺,借鉴钻井工程中的固井工艺,通过采取水泥注浆工艺解决了卵砾石地层扩孔时孔洞不成孔、坍塌的难题,为以后类似工程建设提供了一定的参考依据。     

局部扩径双翼扩孔钻头的研制

在研究应用于煤层气掏穴井的局部扩径扩孔钻头的基础上,成功研制PS-150/700D型局部扩径双翼扩孔钻头。介绍了新型扩孔钻头的结构、射流作用力计算、设计要点和主要技术参数。试验结果表明,该钻头结构合理,使用安全可靠,能满足煤层气掏穴井的施工需要。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with