渭北区块煤体结构测井评价及其在射孔段优化中的应用

鄂尔多斯盆地渭北区块地质历史时期受多期构造运动影响,煤体结构复杂。基于研究区钻井煤心和测井资料,分析不同煤体结构的测井响应特征,并按断裂带与非断裂带建立了研究区5号煤层煤体结构的测井识别图版。结果表明,5号煤层纵向上自下而上煤体结构趋于完整;平面上,北区煤体结构主要为碎裂煤和碎粒煤,南区煤体结构相对较完整,局部发育原生结构煤。结合研究区煤层气压裂、排采数据和5号煤层煤体结构及顶板发育情况,分析不同顶板岩性与不同射开比例下的产气效果。结果显示:顶板岩性为砂岩或泥质砂岩时的碎裂煤和碎粒煤储层产气量高于顶板岩性为泥岩或砂质泥岩的产气量。煤体结构越破碎,则顶板射开比例R越高,若煤层顶板岩性为砂岩或泥质砂岩,需增大顶板射开比例。      

PNN概率神经网络反演技术预测煤层顶板岩性——以寺家庄煤矿中央盘区为例

为研究山西阳泉寺家庄煤矿构造软煤发育规律,采用PNN概率神经网络反演技术对研究区煤层顶板岩性进行反演,从而对构造软煤进行预测。以自然伽马曲线为约束条件,通过分析目标区顶板砂岩、泥岩密度与自然伽马的响应特征,对叠后三维地震数据进行PNN反演。结果表明:15号煤层顶板砂岩对应低自然伽马值,且与构造软煤发育呈正相关性。通过研究煤层顶板砂岩分布规律,可间接预测构造软煤的空间发育特征。     

陕北侏罗纪煤田三角洲平原沉积环境及其岩石力学特征

三角洲平原沉积环境是陕北侏罗纪煤田煤炭资源的主要形成环境之一,为获得不同环境煤层顶板岩石力学参数特征,进一步探究沉积环境与岩石力学特征之间的关系,首先从区域沉积环境分析入手,然后运用岩心精细描述、沉积构造分析、地球物理测井分析等技术,识别微相、划分顶板沉积微相类型及其组合特征;之后对不同沉积环境中不同位置、不同岩性的岩石进行系统地分层采样和测试分析;最后综合分析煤层顶板各沉积微相的岩石力学特征。结果表明,煤层直接顶板以泥岩、粉砂质泥岩为主,形成于三角洲平原亚相中的沼泽、湖泊沉积微相,局部见粉砂岩、细粒砂岩形成于分流河道和天然堤微相;基本顶主要以中-细粒砂岩为主,形成于分流河道沉积微相;沉积环境不仅控制煤层顶板岩性分布而且控制岩石力学参数及其含水层富水性的分布,其中,湖泊、沼泽相泥岩顶板区是顶板支护的重点部位,多期分流河道砂岩叠置顶板区是未来矿井防治水以及探放水的重点区域。      

沁水盆地南部15号煤层顶板灰岩特征对煤层气开采的影响

煤层顶板的含水性对煤层气的开采有重要影响。沁水盆地南部上石炭统太原组15号煤层直接或间接顶板多为灰岩,其中以K2灰岩为主,连续分布。顶板泥岩较少,呈零散分布。灰岩的富水性对煤层气的排水降压有影响。因此,主要从灰岩的厚度展布、裂隙发育、与煤层的接触关系以及区域水文地质条件讨论其含水性对煤层气产能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)灰岩的含水性一般较弱,但当遇到断层或岩溶陷落柱较发育的部位,可能与其他含水层沟通,富水性较强。(2)15号煤层顶板灰岩的厚度与煤层气井的产水量并无直接关系,其裂隙较发育,但大多被方解石充填,导水和储水性能较差。(3)灰岩与15号煤层的接触关系有两种:一种是直接接触型,灰岩直接覆于15号煤层之上;另一种是间接接触型,灰岩与15号煤之间夹有泥岩、砂岩或14号煤层。直接接触型煤层气井的产水量、产气量比间接接触型高。间接接触型15号煤层直接顶板的岩性、厚度对产气、产水都没有太大影响。     

山西静乐舍科勘查区太原组和山西组煤层赋存地质特征

山西静乐舍科勘查区主要含煤地层为上石炭统太原组和下二叠统山西组,通过对区内地质成果分析,本区太原组沉积环境由河控三角洲到潟湖、潮坪交替出现,期间发育两次碳酸盐台地,岩性主要以灰岩、泥岩、中粗砂岩和粉、细砂岩为主,含主要可采煤层9煤层;山西组主要为三角洲平原分流河道相、泛滥盆地相和泥炭沼泽相,以砂岩、粉砂岩、砂质泥岩为主,含主要可采煤层4-1、4煤层;4-1号煤层属大部可采的较稳定煤层,4和9号煤层属全区可采的较稳定煤层;本区主要煤类均为焦煤,资源量丰富,煤质较好,具有较高的开发价值。     

下峪口煤矿2号煤层赋存地质特征研究

根据大量钻探及井下采掘揭露资料,探讨了下峪口煤矿2号煤层的赋存特征,分析表明2号煤属不稳定薄煤层,煤层总体厚度呈NE—SW向薄厚交替变化特点,区内可划分为两个相对的厚煤带和两个薄煤带。煤体结构以碎裂煤为主,兼有少量的糜棱煤及碎粒煤,,煤层顶以粉砂岩与砂岩顶板为主。通过对2号煤厚度变化分析,认为沉积环境、河流的同生冲刷及构造挤压是影响厚度变化的三个主要因素。     

软、硬岩体沉陷变形规律研究

煤层顶板覆岩一般以页岩、砂岩、灰岩等沉积岩为主,其物理力学性质差异很大。研究了应用模型实验方法探索煤层采后顶板沉陷变形的变化规律,为评价采空区沉陷稳定提供了依据。     

阳泉矿区新景矿构造煤发育规律的数值模拟

预测构造煤发育区对矿井瓦斯突出预测具有重要意义。以阳泉矿区新景矿3号煤层为研究对象,根据其地质赋存条件,建立了相应的岩性不均衡力学模型,基于FLAC3D数值模拟软件,研究了顶板砂岩透镜体存在情况下3号煤层围岩应力分布规律。结果显示:砂岩透镜体的存在使得煤岩地层的应力、位移分布不均,在透镜体影响范围内呈现应力集中现象,致使该区域煤层发生塑性变形;岩性不均衡条件下3号煤层的构造煤发育,进而证实了新景矿3号煤层顶板砂岩对构造煤发育的控制作用。      

新疆乌鲁木齐县松树头含煤地层沉积特征及成煤环境

依据乌鲁木齐县松树头地区1：5万煤田地质调查工作成果和区域地质调查资料,在地质构造特征和区域聚煤规律认识的基础上,对松树头地区含煤地层沉积特征和成煤环境进行了分析。研究显示：该区西山窑组岩性主要以粗砂岩、中砂岩及砂砾岩等粗粒为主,夹细砂岩、粉砂岩、炭质泥岩、煤层及菱铁矿;成煤环境和聚煤模式以滨湖泥炭沼泽和扇三角洲平原的漫滩沼泽为主,主要可采煤层B5发育于滨湖泥炭沼泽中,成煤环境较好,煤层厚且较稳定。该研究结果对该区煤炭资源的进一步调查评价具有一定参考意义。     

潘谢矿区煤层顶板砂岩水害分析与防治措施

通过对潘谢矿区几起典型出水事故案例的分析，总结出工作面顶板砂岩出水具有出水时间短，水量迅速增大，储量以静储量为主等特点，分析了影响顶板砂岩涌水的主要因素（砂岩的发育厚度、埋藏深度、地质构造的影响、地下水对其补给的条件、煤层采动对覆岩的破坏程度、工作面的推进速度、钻孔的封闭质量等），并提出防治煤层顶板砂岩水害的综合措施．     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an