榴辉岩的弹性波速评述

文中评述了榴辉岩的密度和高温高压下的纵波速度、速度各向异性、泊松比以及榴辉岩声软化现象的成因 ,着重介绍了榴辉岩的密度和波速对探讨岩石圈物质组成、莫霍界面性质、超高压岩石对实现壳幔物质交换的重要意义。榴辉岩的密度为 3 2～ 3 6 5g·cm-3 ,其中超高压榴辉岩具有更高的密度 (3 4～ 3 6 5g·cm-3 )。榴辉岩的纵波速度 (vp)在 1GPa时为 7 3～8 9km·s-1,其裂隙闭合压力可能高于 1GPa。榴辉岩的压力系数为 0 3～ 0 4km·s-1·GPa-1,温度系数为 - 3 4× 10 -4 km·s-1·℃ -1。它具有最弱的vP 各向异性 (<3% )。超高压榴辉岩的泊松比为 0 2 54～ 0 2 75。大别山榴辉岩的密度和波速研究表明 ,现今的大别山深部地壳可能依然存在榴辉岩 ,但数量应很少 ;大别山上地幔具有同超高压榴辉岩类似的弹性特征 ;拆沉作用是解释超高压榴辉岩折返机制的重要模式之一 ;榴辉岩的形成过程包含了壳幔物质循环作用 ,一部分榴辉岩已拆沉进入深部地幔 ,另一部分则快速折返至地壳内或通过其他构造作用进一步抬升、暴露地表。     

大别山榴辉岩的密度和波速及其对壳—幔循环的启示

测定了大别山地区榴辉岩和麻粒岩的密度和高温高压 (至 5 .0GPa和 130 0℃ )的纵波速度 (Vp)。超高压榴辉岩具有较高的密度和Vp 及较弱的各向异性。榴辉岩的压力系数为 0 .2 2～ 0 .33km/s·GPa ,超高压榴辉岩的温度系数为 - 3.41× 10 -4 km/s·℃。榴辉岩的密度和波速的分析表明 ,地幔深部的超高压榴辉岩形成后可能包含了两个过程 ,即一部分榴辉岩通过拆沉作用进入深部地幔 ,另一部分快速折返至地壳内或地表 ,榴辉岩的形成过程代表了壳幔物质循环。现今的大别山深部可能只存在少量榴辉岩。     

超高压榴辉岩流变学研究

大陆岩石圈和大洋岩石圈在成分、厚度和力学强度方面有明显的差别。因此,现有板块构造不完全适合于大陆构造。大陆地壳和上地幔流变学的综合研究是认识大陆构造最佳途径之一。流变学研究是大陆造山带几何学、运动学和动力学的桥梁。大陆岩石圈对构造作用、重力不稳定性和热结构的响应在很大程度上取决于岩石流变强度。岩石圈流变性质是岩石圈分层、构造复杂性和塑性流动的主导控制因素。超高压榴辉岩在地幔对流、壳-幔物质循环和俯冲带动力学起着重要作用。榴辉岩的流变性质和变形机制对于阐明大陆造山带和大陆深俯冲的动力学过程具有十分重要的意义。本文主要内容包括以下4个方面：（1）岩石流变学研究在地球动力学中地位和重要性;（2）回顾池际尚先生对岩石流变学实验的贡献;（3）近几年来超高压榴辉岩流变学研究成果;（4）国外岩石流变学实验研究发展态势和启示。     

大别-苏鲁榴辉岩带的岩石学、变质作用过程及成因研究

秦岭-大别-苏鲁高压超高压变质带是华北与扬子板块俯冲碰撞作用的产物。以榴辉岩为代表的高压超压变质岩的研究将为整个造山带形成与演化历史的建立提供重要信息。本文对分布于大别和苏鲁地区的榴辉岩进行了地质学、岩石学、矿物化学及年代学研究,获得了以下认识:(1)榴辉岩可分成低温高压榴辉岩和超高压榴辉岩。超高压榴辉岩分布于前寒武纪的大别、东海、胶东和胶南变质杂岩之中,低温高压榴辉岩分布于中晚元古代的红安群、松宿群和苏家河群变质岩系之中。在大别山地区,超高压榴辉岩、高压榴辉岩,以及绿帘-蓝片岩成带状,从北到南依次平行于造山带展布。(2)大别山地区的高压榴辉岩变质作用的温压条件是:450-550℃,1.4-1.6GPa。超高压榴辉岩变质条件是:650-870℃,>2.7-2.9GPa,苏鲁地区的超高压榴辉岩是820-1000℃,>2,8-3.1GPa,榴辉岩的形成温度从西向东逐渐升高。(3)榴辉岩经历了绿帘角闪岩相→榴辉岩相→角闪岩相→绿帘-角闪岩相或绿帘-蓝片岩相→绿片岩相5期变质作用。超高压榴辉岩变质作用PTt轨迹呈顺时针方向旋转,进变质作用为缓慢升温显著增压过程,退变质作用早期为近等温迅速降压过程,中期具近等压降温特征,晚期为近等温降压过程。(4)大别-苏鲁地区至少经历了两期高压变质作用,加里东期夹持于华北与     

喜马拉雅超高压变质作用

喜马拉雅超高压变质带主要由表壳岩石组成,其中的长英质变质岩已经全部退变质,只在基性的榴辉岩中保留有某些超高压变质矿物.这些超高压变质矿物在锆石、石榴石及其他一些化学和机械性质稳定的矿物中以微米级的包裹体形式产出.到目前为止,已经在Tso Morari结晶穹隆和上Kaghan谷高喜马拉雅结晶岩中发现了超高压指示矿物柯石英和多晶石英假像.这2个地区同属一个超高压变质带,具有相似的构造背景、岩石组成及变质年龄.Kaghan谷超高压变质岩形成条件为700～770°C和2.7～3.2 GPa,相当于90～110 km 的上地幔深度,形成年龄为(46.2±0.7) Ma.Tso Morari结晶穹隆中超高压变质岩的形成条件约为750°C和3.9 GPa,形成年龄为(48±1) Ma.上述超高压变质带在其折返过程中普遍经历了强烈的水化和角闪岩相退变质作用.研究表明,印度大陆地壳俯冲的垂向速率为1.1～1.4 cm/a,水平速率为4.5 cm/a,俯冲到约100 km深度时的平均俯冲角度为14～19°.     

中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)退变榴辉岩中碳硅石的发现及其地质意义

镜下鉴定和拉幔光谱测试结果表明中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)退变榴辉岩中石榴石内存在除绿辉石、磷灰石、锆石、金红石、磷灰石、石英、菱镁矿和磁铁矿等矿物包裹体外,还存在一种具有重要温压指示意义的碳硅石矿物包裹体.碳硅石包裹体拉幔光谱峰值稳定,主峰变化于786～789cm-1之间,次峰为966～977cm-1,两组弱峰峰值分别为769～781cm-1和915～918cm-1.寄主矿物-石榴石成分的反环带特征及矿物包裹体组合表明CCSD-PP2中退变榴辉岩是在高温高压条件下形成的榴辉岩,经降温降压退变质作用形成的,碳硅石等超高压矿物是在榴辉岩峰期变质作用期间形成的.根据碳硅石形成于极度还原环境、压力大于6.0GPa,温度在1000℃以上的特点并结合前人的矿物温压计算结果分析认为苏鲁超高压变质带中的部分榴辉岩是扬子板块俯冲至200km以下的上地幔下部,经超高压变质作用、形成碳硅石等矿物后快速折返的产物.     

新疆西南天山哈布腾苏河高压-超高压变质带中榴辉岩和蓝片岩的岩石学及变质演化

对西南天山哈布腾苏河一带出露的典型榴辉岩和蓝片岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物化学和温压条件综合研究。榴辉岩可分为蓝闪石榴辉岩、钠云母榴辉岩、绿帘石榴辉岩和蓝闪石榴角闪岩(退变榴辉岩)4类,蓝片岩可分为含蓝闪石石榴白云母钠长片岩、石榴白云母蓝闪片岩和石榴白云母蓝闪石英片岩3类。新鲜榴辉岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+绿辉石+钠云母+绿帘石,退变榴辉岩则为石榴石+蓝闪石+角闪石;蓝片岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+蓝闪石+多硅白云母+钠云母+钠长石+石英。榴辉岩和蓝片岩中石榴石变斑晶均保存进变质生长环带,从核部到边部XMn和XFe降低,XMg和XCa升高,指示了升温进变质的演化过程。根据榴辉岩矿物共生组合、石榴石内部包体组合分布特征及传统地质温压计估算结果,确定榴辉岩经历了4阶段的变质演化:早期硬柱石蓝片岩相进变质阶段、峰期榴辉岩相变质阶段(t=543～579℃,p=1.5～1.6 GPa)、峰后绿帘蓝片岩相退变质阶段(t=～450℃,p1.0GPa)和晚期蓝闪绿片岩相退变质阶段(t400℃,p0.5 GPa)。利用p-T视剖面图计算的榴辉岩、蓝片岩峰期变质温压条件与传统地质温压计估算结果十分相近,其中榴辉岩的峰期变质条件t=520～550℃,p=1.7～1.9 GPa;蓝片岩峰期变质条件t=520～620℃,p=1.7～2.3 GPa。本文估算的榴辉岩峰期变质压力条件与前人根据柯石英的发现而认为研究区部分榴辉岩及其围岩曾经历超高压变质作用的认识明显相悖,原因可能如下:①后期退变质作用引起研究区榴辉岩全岩成分、矿物化学成分的调整,在采用Grt-Cpx-Phe温压计和以全岩成分为基础的相平衡模拟方法估算峰期温压条件时受到影响,从而使估算峰期压力条件普遍偏低;②西南天山的榴辉岩可能并非全都经历了超高压变质作用,高压、超高压榴辉岩可能分别代表了不同变基性岩块在不同俯冲深度变质的产物。     

根据实验室蠕变资料对地幔流变的推断

板块构造理论应基于上地幔的对流。研究蛇绿岩以及碱性玄武岩和金伯利岩中的地幔包体表明,上地幔主要是由橄榄岩组成。橄榄石既是橄榄岩中最多的矿物(约占60~90%),也是最容易发生塑性变形的矿物。因此,大量实验工作的目的在于了解橄榄石的流变学问题。尽管橄榄石的流动性质已在实验室中进行了广泛的研究,但是,以往的实验压力都局限在1.8GPa以下。橄榄石蠕变象大部分高温条件下物质一样,是可以用幂律蠕变方程来描述: :%#::式中:ε—应变速率,А—常数,σ—流动应力,n—常数(通常3—4),     

CCSD超高压榴辉岩中的水:红外光谱分析

超高压变质岩中名义上无水矿物(NAMs) 在板块俯冲过程中可以携带一部分地表水进入上地幔, 这些水储存于地球深部并对地幔动力学有着重要的影响.对中国大陆科学钻探主孔榴辉岩中的绿辉石和石榴石进行了详细的显微傅立叶变换红外光谱(Micro-FTIR) 分析, 结果显示所有绿辉石和石榴石颗粒都含有结构水, 其水含量范围分别在68~29μg/g和20~75μg/g.榴辉岩全岩的水含量为150~300μg/g.绿辉石和石榴石结构水含量的分布出现2种情况: (1) 颗粒内部的均一分布; (2) 不均匀分布, 表现为水含量从核部到幔部到边部随之增加或水含量核部、边部低而幔部高.电子探针结果表明水含量分布不均与矿物化学成分无直接关系.位错分布不均匀可能导致了颗粒内部结构水分布的不均匀.      

超高压变质作用与壳幔循环

榴辉岩相的高压超高压变质作用发生在俯冲或碰撞增厚的大陆地壳的底部或上地幔中（深度可达１２０ｋｍ）,并导致岩石密度增大。超高压岩石同一些地球动力学问题关系十分密切,如榴辉岩可能是在拆沉作用中被拆沉的地壳物质,超高压变质作用可能是实现壳幔循环的一种途径等...     

Rheological Strength of UHP Eclogite from Dabieshan: Evidences from High p-T Experiments

ＴｈｅｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂａｓａｌｔｔｏｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅａｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＭｏｈｏｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｔｙｉｎ 196 0ｓｅｖｅｒｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｂｒｏａｄｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓｔｏｇｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ (ＲｉｎｇｗｏｏｄａｎｄＧｒｅｅｎ ,1996 ;ＧｒｅｅｎａｎｄＲｉｎｇｗｏｏｄ ,1972 ;ＩｔｏａｎｄＫｅｎｎｅｄｙ ,1971;ＫｕｓｈｉｒｏａｎｄＡｏｋｉ,196 8) .Ｔｈｉｒｔｙｙｅａｒｓｌａｔｅｒ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｏｖ ｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｃｏｅｓ…     

Olivine‐bearing symplectites in fractured garnet from eclogite,Moldanubian Zone (Bohemian Massif) – a short‐lived,granulite facies event

Recent petrological studies on high‐pressure (HP)–ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Moldanubian Zone, mainly utilizing compositional zoning and solid phase inclusions in garnet from a variety of lithologies, have established a prograde history involving subduction and subsequent granulite facies metamorphism during the Variscan Orogeny. Two temporally separate metamorphic events are developed rather than a single P–T loop for the HP–UHP metamorphism and amphibolite–granulite facies overprint in the Moldanubian Zone. Here further evidence is presented that the granulite facies metamorphism occurred after the HP–UHP rocks had been exhumed to different levels of the middle or upper crust. A medium‐temperature eclogite that is part of a series of tectonic blocks and lenses within migmatites contains a well‐preserved eclogite facies assemblage with omphacite and prograde zoned garnet. Omphacite is partly replaced by a symplectite of diopside + plagioclase + amphibole. Garnet and omphacite equilibria and pseudosection calculations indicate that the HP metamorphism occurred at relatively low temperature conditions of ~600 °C at 2.0–2.2 GPa. The striking feature of the rocks is the presence of garnet porphyroblasts with veins filled by a granulite facies assemblage of olivine, spinel and Ca‐rich plagioclase. These minerals occur as a symplectite forming symmetric zones, a central zone rich in olivine that is separated from the host garnet by two marginal zones consisting of plagioclase with small amounts of spinel. Mineral textures in the veins show that they were first filled mostly by calcic amphibole, which was later transformed into granulite facies assemblages. The olivine‐spinel equilibria and pseudosection calculations indicate temperatures of ~850–900 °C at pressure below 0.7 GPa. The preservation of eclogite facies assemblages implies that the granulite facies overprint was a short‐lived process. The new results point to a geodynamic model where HP–UHP rocks are exhumed to amphibolite facies conditions with subsequent granulite facies heating by mantle‐derived magma in the middle and upper crust.     

分步淋洗方法研究碧溪岭榴辉岩Pb同位素组成及其演化

根据大量年代学、地球化学和岩石学等方面的研究,前人对碧溪岭榴辉岩的形成及变质历史有了较明确的认识,但这些研究对超高压变质前后过程中元素和同位素的变化涉及较少。通过分步淋洗方法对碧溪岭榴辉岩中石榴石的Pb同位素研究发现,不同淋洗步骤的Pb同位素组成明显不同,但对不同的石榴石样品以及同一样品用不同的淋洗流程,得到的淋洗规律以及Pb同位素组成变化范围基本一致。不同淋洗步骤的Pb同位素组成构成等时线,给出表面年龄为30亿年左右,与前人报道的碧溪岭地区榴辉岩原岩形成及超高压变质的年龄数据有明显差异。结合前人研究可以判断,这些年龄不具有明确的地质意义,属于假等时线。但分步淋洗结果能反映碧溪岭榴辉岩中Pb同位素的来源可能由地幔组分和上地壳组分混合而成,地幔组分的Pb反映了碧溪岭榴辉岩的原岩是地幔成因的,上地壳组分的Pb表明在榴辉岩快速折返过程中,受到具有上地壳Pb同位素组成的含水流体交代     

榴辉岩的两种变质演化轨迹和俯冲大陆地壳的差异折返-——以柴北缘都兰超高压地体为例

都兰榴辉岩地体位于柴北缘—南阿尔金超高压变质带的东端,是唯一确定含柯石英的超高压变质地体,约700 km,其特点是含有两个特征不同的变质亚带,并经历了不同的折返过程。柯石英假像和温压计算表明两带榴辉岩峰期变质的压力都在柯石英的稳定域（2.8~3.3 GPa）,但它们退化变质的p–T 轨迹具有明显不同的特征。北带榴辉岩经历了两个阶段的折返：早期从地幔深度快速折返到中部地壳层次,伴随岩石的等温降压,并发生角闪岩相退化变质;晚期抬升到地壳浅部。都兰南带榴辉岩折返过程中经历了高压麻粒岩相变质的改造,高压麻粒岩阶段的p–T条件为p＝1.9~2.0 GPa,T＝873~948℃, 并进一步经历了角闪岩相退化变质,说明都兰南带榴辉岩折返速率较慢,发生了壳幔过渡带（或加厚的深部地壳）层次的强烈热松弛。这种热松弛发生在许多大陆俯冲带的超高压岩石的折返过程中,并且是榴辉岩发生深熔作用的主要机制。都兰两个变质带不同的变质演化轨迹反映了俯冲的大陆地壳具有差异折返的特征。     

Eclogites preserved as pebbles in Jurassic conglomerate, Dabie Mountains, China

Two types of eclogite pebbles were discovered in Middle to Upper Jurassic conglomerates from the Hefei Basin north of the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrain, China. Type A eclogite pebbles are characterized by idioblastic garnet with well preserved chemical zonation. Si content in phengite is lower than 3.5 per formula unit (pfu). The maximum metamorphic pressure is lower than 2.5 GPa, and the temperature is below 600 °C. Type B eclogite pebbles contain coesite pseudomorphs in xenoblastic garnet. Si content in phengite is higher than 3.5 pfu. The maximum metamorphic pressure is 2.8–4.0 GPa at 700 °C indicating UHP metamorphism.

Types A and B eclogite pebbles are comparable with eclogites occurring in the southern portion of the Dabie UHP terrain. Based on the petrologic similarities and northeastwards directed paleocurrents, we infer that the eclogite pebbles were eroded from the Dabie UHP terrain. Sandstones containing detrital phengite with Si content higher than 3.5 pfu are also derived from UHP rocks. These petrologic and stratigraphic data place time constraints on exhumation and erosion history of the Dabie UHP terrain.     

豫南——鄂北大别山北部高压角闪石榴辉岩的研究

一个高压角闪石榴辉岩带出现在豫南——鄂北大别山高压超高压变质单元的最北部。榴辉岩的矿物组合为石榴石+绿辉石+角闪石+绿帘石+多硅白云母+石英+金红石。采用Powell等(1994)的Thermocalc估计的温压条件:压力为1.8-2.4GPa,温度为490-592℃。这个带的榴辉岩在矿物组合,矿物成分和温压条件上明显不同于该高压变质单元中其它带的榴辉岩。     

Microfabric characteristics and rheological significance of ultra-high-pressure metamorphosed jadeite-quartzite and eclogite from Shuanghe, Dabie Mountains, China

Quantitative analysis of the structural evolution of jadeite‐quartzite, a rare ultra‐high pressure (UHP) rock type from the Dabie Mountains of eastern China, sheds light on the formation and evolution of UHP orogenic belts worldwide. Geological mapping of the Shuanghe area, where jadeite‐quartzites crop out, was carried out to determine the spatial relationships between different UHP rocks within this orogen. The deformation mechanisms of jadeite‐quartzite, geodynamical parameters (stress, strain, strain rate), and microstructure including lattice preferred orientation (LPO) were determined from six jadeite‐quartzite samples from the Shuanghe area. LPOs of clinopyroxene (jadeite and omphacite), garnet, rutile and quartz from these jadeite‐quartzite samples are compared with those of three eclogites preserving different degrees of deformation from the Shuanghe area. Microstructural LPOs of jadeite, omphacite, garnet, rutile and quartz were determined using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Quartz fabrics were largely recrystallized during late, low‐grade stages of deformation, whereas garnet shows no strong LPO patterns. Rutile fabrics show a weak LS fabric along [001]. Jadeite and omphacite show the strongest eclogite facies LPO patterns, suggesting that they may provide important information about mantle deformation patterns and control the rheology of deeply subducted continental crust. Microstructural data show that the jadeite LPO patterns are similar to those of omphacite and vary between L‐ and S‐types, which correlate with prolate and oblate grain shape fabrics (SPO); quartz LPOs are monoclinic. Microstructural analysis using TEM shows that the dominant slip systems of jadeite in one sample are (100)[001], (110)[001] and (1 1 0)1/2[110], while in another sample, no dislocations are observed. Abundant dislocations in quartz were accommodated by the dominant slip system (0001)[110], indicating basal glide and represents regional shearing during the exhumation process. This suggests that dislocation creep is the dominant fundamental deformation mechanism in jadeite under UHP conditions. The protoliths of jadeite‐quartzite, metasedimentary rocks from the northern passive continental margin of the Yangtze craton, experienced the same deep subduction and were deformed under similar rheological conditions as other UHP eclogite, marble and paragneiss. Experimental UHP deformation of quartzo‐feldspathic gneiss with a chemical composition similar to the bulk continental crust has shown that the formation of a jadeite–stishovite rock is associated with a density increase of the host rock similar to the eclogite conversion from basaltic protoliths. The resulting rock can be denser than the surrounding mantle pyrolite up to depths of 660 km (24 GPa). Thus, processes of deep continental subduction may be better‐understood through understanding the rheology and mechanical behaviour of jadeite. Jadeite‐quartzites such as those from the Shuanghe may be exhumed remnants of deeply‐subducted slabs of continental crust, other parts of which subducted past the ‘depth of no return’, and remain in the deep mantle.     

Fluid generation and evolution during exhumation of deeply subducted UHP continental crust: Petrogenesis of composite granite–quartz veins in the Sulu belt,China

Composite granite–quartz veins occur in retrogressed ultrahigh pressure (UHP) eclogite enclosed in gneiss at General's Hill in the central Sulu belt, eastern China. The granite in the veins has a high‐pressure (HP) mineral assemblage of dominantly quartz+phengite+allanite/epidote+garnet that yields pressures of 2.5–2.1 GPa (Si‐in‐phengite barometry) and temperatures of 850–780°C (Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry) at 2.5 GPa (~20°C lower at 2.1 GPa). Zircon overgrowths on inherited cores and new grains of zircon from both components of the composite veins crystallized at c. 221 Ma. This age overlaps the timing of HP retrograde recrystallization dated at 225–215 Ma from multiple localities in the Sulu belt, consistent with the HP conditions retrieved from the granite. The ε_Hf(t) values of new zircon from both components of the composite veins and the Sr–Nd isotope compositions of the granite consistently lie between values for gneiss and eclogite, whereas δ¹⁸O values of new zircon are similar in the veins and the crustal rocks. These data are consistent with zircon growth from a blended fluid generated internally within the gneiss and the eclogite, without any ingress of fluid from an external source. However, at the peak metamorphic pressure, which could have reached 7 GPa, the rocks were likely fluid absent. During initial exhumation under UHP conditions, exsolution of H₂O from nominally anhydrous minerals generated a grain boundary supercritical fluid in both gneiss and eclogite. As exhumation progressed, the volume of fluid increased allowing it to migrate by diffusing porous flow from grain boundaries into channels and drain from the dominant gneiss through the subordinate eclogite. This produced a blended fluid intermediate in its isotope composition between the two end‐members, as recorded by the composite veins. During exhumation from UHP (coesite) eclogite to HP (quartz) eclogite facies conditions, the supercritical fluid evolved by dissolution of the silicate mineral matrix, becoming increasingly solute‐rich, more ‘granitic’ and more viscous until it became trapped. As crystallization began by diffusive loss of H₂O to the host eclogite concomitant with ongoing exhumation of the crust, the trapped supercritical fluid intersected the solvus for the granite–H₂O system, allowing phase separation and formation of the composite granite–quartz veins. Subsequently, during the transition from HP eclogite to amphibolite facies conditions, minor phengite breakdown melting is recorded in both the granite and the gneiss by K‐feldspar+plagioclase+biotite aggregates located around phengite and by K‐feldspar veinlets along grain boundaries. Phase equilibria modelling of the granite indicates that this late‐stage melting records P–T conditions towards the end of the exhumation, with the subsolidus assemblage yielding 0.7–1.1 GPa at <670°C. Thus, the composite granite–quartz veins represent a rare example of a natural system recording how the fluid phase evolved during exhumation of continental crust. The successive availability of different fluid phases attending retrograde metamorphism from UHP eclogite to amphibolite facies conditions will affect the transport of trace elements through the continental crust and the role of these fluids as metasomatic agents interacting with the mantle wedge in the subduction channel.     

Zoned Zircon from Eclogite Lenses in Marbles from the Dabie-Sulu UHP Terrane, China： A Clear Record of Ultra-deep Subduction and Fast Exhumation

Eclogite lenses in marbles from the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane are deeply subducted meta-sedimentary rocks. Zircons in these rocks have been used to constrain the ages of prograde and UHP metamorphism during subduction, and later retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. Inherited (detrital) and metamorphic zircons were distinguished on the basis of transmitted light microscopy, cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, trace element contents and mineral inclusions. The distribution of mineral inclusions combined with CL imaging of the metamorphic zircon make it possible to relate zircon zones (domains) to different metamorphic stages. Domain 1 consists of rounded, oblong and spindly cores with dark-luminescent images, and contains quartz eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under high-pressure (HP) metamorphic conditions of T = 571-668℃and P = 1.7-2.02 GPa. Domain 2 always surrounds domain 1 or occurs as rounded and spindly cores with white-luminescent images. It contains coesite edogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under UHP metamorphic conditions of T = 782-849℃and P > 5.5 GPa. Domain 3, with gray-luminescent images, always surrounds domain 2 and occurs as the outermost zircon rim. It is characterized by low-pressure mineral inclusion assemblages, which are related to regional amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism of T = 600-710℃and P = 0.7-1.2 GPa. The three metamorphic zircon domains have distinct ages; sample H1 from the Dabie terrane yielded SHRIMP ages of 245±4 Ma for domain 1, 235±3 Ma for domain 2 and 215±6 Ma for domain 3, whereas sample H2 from the Sulu terrane yielded similar ages of 244±4 Ma, 233±4 Ma and 214±5 Ma for Domains 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean ages of these zones suggest that subduction to UHP depths took place over 10-11 Ma and exhumation of the rocks occurred over a period of 19-20 Ma. Thus, subduction from～55 km to > 160 km deep mantle depth took place at rates of approximately 9.5-10.5 km/Ma and exhumation from depths >160 km to the base of the crust at～30 km occurred at approximately 6.5 km/Ma. We propose a model for these rocks involving deep subduction of continental margin lithosphere followed by ultrafast exhumation driven by buoyancy forces after break-off of the UHP slab deep within the mantle.