贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳主元素、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征

选取贵州高原喀斯特地区的典型碳酸盐岩原生风化剖面为研究对象,研究主元素、微量元素及稀土元素在风化壳的迁移转化及其分布规律特征,为解释碳酸盐岩风化壳元素的地球化学变化提供依据。结果显示,从上陆壳标准化蛛网图可知,Pb、Co在剖面富集,而Na、K、Cr、Rb、Sr和Ba则亏损。风化壳∑REE的变化范围为167.4~1814.2μg/g,稀土元素从剖面下部往上逐渐减少,剖面中上部LREE比HREE淋滤程度大。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后Ce正负异常,Eu轻微负异常。以风化前缘为分界,在风化前缘以下的土层,Ce负异常,风化前缘以上的土层,Ce正异常。此外,在风化壳岩土界面附近存在一个明显且突变的碱性障,岩土界面土样的元素含量较岩粉平均增加了21倍。我们的研究显示,风化剖面主元素和微量元素的变化波动特征较为一致,说明主元素和微量元素在风化过程中的地球化学行为较为一致。铁壳层中稀土元素的含量最低,与上陆壳稀土元素十分相近,为研究上陆壳与碳酸盐岩铁壳层之间的相互联系起到了一定的借鉴作用。     

中山市神湾镇晚中生代花岗岩风化壳剖面元素地球化学特征

选择珠三角沿海地区有代表性的中山市神湾镇三个晚中生代花岗岩风化壳剖面进行系统采样和主量、微量元素分析,研究了花岗岩风化壳剖面元素地球化学特征.花岗岩风化壳剖面自上而下可划分为淋溶层(E)、淀积层(B)、半风化层(C)和基岩层(R),不同层位的Si、Al、K、Rb、U、Nb、Ta、Hf、Th、Se含量均高于大陆上地壳相应元素的丰度平均值,Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Ti、P、Sr、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zr含量则低于大陆上地壳相应元素的丰度平均值.剖面从母岩向上到表土层,化学风化程度逐渐增强,元素含量除继承母岩特征外,还发生了分异,其中Na、Ca、K、Mg、Rb、Sr、U等元素含量随风化程度的加深而降低,表现出在风化过程中淋失亏损的特征;Ti、P、Ta、Hf、Se、Nb、Th、Zr等元素含量随风化程度的加深而增高,表现出在风化过程中富集的特征.风化作用导致了研究区上层土壤中养分元素K、Ca、Mg淋失缺乏,硒在表层土壤中富集.     

江西相山响石风化壳球形风化层的微量元素地球化学特征

风化壳的形成过程中化学风化因素尤为重要，江西相山响石风化壳不同部位遭受的风化程度不一。为了解风化作用对不同风化部位中微量元素的迁移影响，本文以江西相山风化壳中风化土样、风化球体及基岩为研究对象开展地球化学分析。微量元素方面，以Rb、Sr、Ba、Cs为代表的活动性元素，随着风化作用的进行，逐步从寄主矿物中淋失，风化土样、风化球体与基岩的元素含量表现出明显差异；过渡系金属Sc、V、Cr的含量变化差别不大，被有效地保留；风化土样与风化球体和基岩均富集Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ce、Nd、Hf、Ti、Yb，风化土样与风化球体和基岩具有较为一致的分布趋势；Th、U的分布与其自身性质有关，基岩与风化球体和风化土样三者在风化过程中Th含量基本保持不变，U含量出现一定差异；相山风化壳中不同部位风化程度不一，微量元素的地球化学特征不一。     

黔北务正道地区新民铝土矿形成过程中的REE迁移与富集

新民铝土矿床是近年来黔北务正道地区新发现的大型铝土矿床,为古风化壳沉积型,其含矿岩系为二叠系下统梁山组,该组底部稀土元素异常富集.为研究其铝土矿化过程中稀土元素地球化学行为,采集了2个钻孔剖面、一个露头剖面的铝质岩系以及相关地层的样品,进行了主、微量元素分析.结果显示,铝质岩系与下伏地层韩家店组具有相似的Ti/Nb、Nb/Ta组成,说明韩家店组可能为铝质岩系和稀土元素的主要源区.∑REE、稀土元素活动迁移系数Kjw值和δCe等稀土特征的剖面变化表明,稀土元素的异常富集发生在铝质岩系沉积前的古风化壳阶段,但厚度较薄,而铝质岩系的再风化阶段稀土元素发生一定量的迁移,但不具稀土矿化意义;铝土矿化过程中,从轻稀土到重稀土,元素活动性逐渐减弱;古风化壳阶段富铁绿泥石在弱碱性、弱还原环境下沉淀,同时下伏碳酸盐岩地层促进了稀土元素在富铁绿泥石层中的富集,而铝质岩系的沉积和再风化阶段均为酸性、氧化环境.     

滇东地区碳酸盐岩上覆风化层的元素地球化学特征及其成因讨论

碳酸盐岩风化形成的红土保存着喀斯特发展演化历史证据,同时也是喀斯特地区土壤研究的重要对象。文章选取云 南石林地区的两处典型碳酸盐岩剖面为研究对象,对主量元素,微量元素及稀土元素在风化层的迁移特征及分布规律进行 研究,为探究风化层的成因提供依据。结果显示：（1） 以Ti为参比元素的剖面迁移特征表明,两剖面的主量元素在成土过 程中有相似的迁移规律,多数表现为淋失;微量元素略有差异,富集淋失程度不一。（2） UCC 标准化蜘蛛图显示,相对于 基岩,风化层中的Ca和Sr均出现亏损;与UCC相比,Fe、Ti等元素轻微富集,Mg、Ca、Na、K、P等元素显示了强烈的亏 损特征。（3） 基岩与风化层的REE分布模式相似,但风化层的稀土相对富集,轻稀土元素间的分异较大而重稀土元素间的 分异较小,且SJC剖面的轻、重稀土元素比值大于QST剖面;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后,SJC剖面的Eu为负异常,剖面 上部和下部出现Ce负异常;QST剖面Ce负异常,Eu明显负异常。（4） 元素含量变化和元素对Al-Ti、Al-Fe及Zr-Hf相关性 说明剖面上覆红土是下伏基岩风化的结果。研究结果显示,两个剖面的元素地球化学特征与基岩存在很好的继承性,风化 层是基岩原位风化的产物。     

湘西下寒武统黑色页岩风化元素活动规律

为探讨黑色页岩风化过程中的元素活动规律,采集了湘西东坪、柑子坪下寒武统黑色页岩风化-成土剖面的样品进行了主、微量元素地球化学分析。结果表明,两剖面风化层有不同的主量元素组成,但其土壤层的主量元素组成相对均一。主量元素Si、K、Na、P等在风化过程中活泼而被淋滤释出;而Al、Fe、Mg等元素既可被淋滤释出,又可产生次生富集。而成土过程中,所有主量元素都表现被淋出的特征。元素Mn的次生富集明显;重金属V、Ni、Cu、Cr、Co、Zn、Pb等在风化-成土过程中的化学活性与Al、Fe等主量元素相似;亲石元素Sc、Rb、Sr、Cs、Ba、Th、U、Ga、Ge等在风化-成土过程中的活性较强,趋于被淋出,且其淋滤释出率随风化程度增强而升高;高强场元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等的化学活性相对稳定。     

华南花岗岩风化壳稀土元素地球化学研究

花岗岩中的稀土元素在风化淋滤作用下发生富集和分异,形成REE的天然离子色谱层。REE在风化壳中富集分异受风化壳发育程度、花岗岩原岩中REE含量及其分布和分配的影响。酸性淋滤作用是风化壳剖面上REE富集分异的主要控制因素。     

华北克拉通北部14亿年前古风化壳的地球化学特征及古气候意义

最近在河北涞水紫石口剖面的中元古界铁岭组-下马岭组界线(~1400 Ma)附近,发现了一套保存完好的碳酸盐岩古风化壳。野外观测和岩石矿物学研究显示,该古风化壳的岩性以含褐铁矿的铁质泥岩和伊利石粘土岩为主。相对上地壳平均化学组分来说,古风化壳的主量元素氧化物中Al₂O₃、TiO₂、Fe₂O₃和K₂O富集,SiO₂轻微亏损,CaO、MgO和Na₂O强烈亏损;微量元素中Sc、Cu、Ga、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、In、Th、Li、V、Zn、Rb、Cs、W、Pb、U、Mo和Bi等化学性质稳定或易吸附于粘土中的元素含量接近上地壳平均化学组分值或呈不同程度富集,易溶元素Cr、Sr和Cd相对亏损;稀土元素全部富集,轻稀土元素与重稀土元素分异程度大,Ce正异常,Eu负异常。U/Th、Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺、Ce的正异常、化学蚀变指数与风化淋滤指数等多种指标都指示该古风化壳是在强氧化的中等到强烈的风化淋滤程度条件下形成。上述研究表明,在中元古代盖层纪(Calymmian Period,1600~1400 Ma)与延展纪(Ectasian Period,1400~1200 Ma)之交,剖面所在的华北克拉通北部应属于温暖湿润的热带-亚热带气候。     

山东蓬莱史家沟西山火山碎屑岩风化壳元素地球化学特征

以山东蓬莱城西史家沟的西山火山碎屑岩风化壳为研究对象,系统采集样品,并测试了微量元素、主量元素、稀土元素以及黏土矿物等指标,揭示了西山火山碎屑岩风化壳的元素地球化学特征,讨论了风化壳的形成年代及其气候条件。史家沟火山碎屑岩风化壳源自基性-超基性玻屑凝灰岩母岩,CIA平均值为92.3,总体上处于为强度风化水平,K、Na、Ca和Mg等元素淋失殆尽,出现了脱硅富铝铁现象,为轻稀土富集型风化壳。西山火山碎屑岩风化壳可分为两个喷发旋回,大致以200 cm为界限,在此以下第一旋回,以上为第二旋回。第一旋回的CIA介于94.0~97.2之间,V、Rb、Sb、Mo、Li和Ga等微量元素出现淋失,在213 cm处并出现了?REE、?LREE和?HREE的峰值、Ce的负异常,蒙脱石化彻底,风化壳呈现灰白色。第二旋回的CIA在86.3~89.2之间,风化程度较第一旋回稍低,微量元素和稀土元素垂直变化较小,蒙脱石化并不完全彻底,仍残留长石、赤铁矿和石英等原生矿物,因而仍然呈现红色或淡红色。西山火山碎屑岩风化壳形成于中新世末到上新世,为温暖湿润的亚热带环境;中新世后的气候趋冷造成了两个旋回风化程度和元素地球化学特征的差异。     

冀北蓟县系铁岭组古风化壳稀土元素富集规律及古环境意义

冀北地区蓟县系铁岭组顶部普遍发育一套古风化壳,该层位轻稀土元素和Rb均出现显著的富集现象。为了进一步探讨风化过程中元素的迁移规律以及古环境特征,文章对该套古风化壳开展了详细的地球化学研究。结果表明,古风化壳中轻稀土元素、Rb和Ti等含量自下而上表现为“先升高,后降低”的分布规律,且随着风化层中黏土物质的增加而升高,在中上部黏土岩中达到富集的峰值,推测与黏土矿物的吸附作用相关;古风化壳δCe正异常、δEu明显的负异常等特征指示轻稀土元素主要富集于中上部的氧化环境,且氧化作用越强越富集;化学蚀变指数CIA介于53.54~79.50,风化淋滤指数BA变化范围为0.39~1.08,共同指示了风化壳形成于温暖湿润的气候环境。综合稀土元素、微量元素和La/Yb-∑REE图解显示,风化壳稀土元素和微量元素主要来源于下伏铁岭组碳酸盐岩以及火山岩浆活动。     

Geochemical evolution of laterites from two areas of the semiarid region in Bahia State, Brazil

Lateritic covers developed during the Pleistocene in two distinct areas (Gentio do Ouro District and Sento Sé) of the State of Bahia, Brazil, have been investigated geochemically. Samples of the bedrock (gabbros, from the Gentio do Ouro District, and silicate facies iron formation and associated iron-rich banded carbonates, from the Sento Sé Area) and the lateritic products (latosols, cuirasses and pisolites) were analyzed for major and selected trace elements (Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Pb, Ba, Au and ree). The purpose of the research was to study the geochemical evolution of the laterites and the relationship of weathering processes to secondary gold mineralization.Four types of element mobilities are recognized, defined by progressive depletion (type A) or enrichment (type C) in the sequence latosol-cuirasse-pisolite or by extreme enrichment (type B) or depletion (type D) in the cuirasse. Cr and V have similar behavior (type C), whatever the type of parent rock: however, when the original rocks are gabbros, Co, Cu and Ni demonstrate behavior A, B and A, respectively. Also Ti has the same type of mobility (type A), whatever the type of parent rock.The concentrations of some residual elements, e.g., Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Au, are inherited from the original rocks, that is, they exhibit higher values in the lateritic materials on parent rocks in which their contents are high.The enrichment of ree in the lateritic materials on iron-rich carbonates is attributed to relatively basic and reducing conditions at depth. This environment allowed the ions of these elements (Ce, Sm, Eu and Yb in the reduced ionic form) to stay in solution along with Fe²⁺. At shallow depht, under oxidizing conditions, the iron oxyhydroxides adsorbed the ree ions. This adsorption was more effective for La, Ce and Yb ions.The ree contents in the lateritic products from gabbros indicate a depletion of hree plus Eu, Nd and Sm are also depleted in cuirasses and Ce is depleted in pisolites. The loss of these ree and the slight concentration of lree in the red latosol of the Gentio do Ouro District are attributed to partial leaching of ree by a relatively acidic solution. The adsorption of ree by iron oxyhydroxides was less intense here than in the weathering of the iron-rich carbonates at Sento Sé Area. It was also more effective for La and Ce (ions). This type of weathering solution may be generated from oxidation of the accessory pyrite present in the gabbros of the Gentio do Ouro District. It may dissolve primary gold which then precipitates on encountering basic conditions at depth.     

白云岩风化剖面元素地球化学特征:对黔中九架炉组“三稀金属”富集机制的启示

黔中早石炭世九架炉组铝土矿含矿岩系富集Ti、Li、Sc、V、Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th和稀土(REEs)等"三稀金属",具有成为独立矿床或伴生资源的潜力。这些元素大部分与九架炉组共有同一母岩,且富集程度受母岩的成分和风化作用控制。本研究选取九架炉组母岩乌当娄山关群白云岩和纳雍牛蹄塘组泥质白云岩的现代风化剖面为研究对象,研究元素在风化作用过程中的迁移特征及分布规律,进而为九架炉组微量元素的富集机制提供启示。研究获得以下认识:1)依据剖面结构、ZrHf、Nb-Ta、Y-Ho二元图特征及REE配分曲线和Eu/Eu*值的相似性表明研究区土层主要来源于基底或母岩的风化; 2)白云岩风化成土过程中Si、Fe、Cr、As、Sb、Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、REEs等元素化学性质相对稳定,富集程度较高,而Ca、Mg、Na、K、Sr、P、Mo、Cd等元素化学性质活泼,容易淋失亏损; 3)纳雍剖面REEs~(3+)和Ca~(2+)半径差与REEs富集系数相关性良好,表明碳酸盐岩风化过程中,含钙矿物磷灰石是稀土元素分配的重要控制因素; 4)九架炉组的母岩也是Ti、Li、Sc、V、Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th等微量元素的主要物质来源,母岩风化过程中,这些微量元素首先在副矿物、黏土矿物、铝矿物及磷灰石等矿物相中初步富集,之后随风化碎屑物一起沉积形成微量元素超常富集地层; 5)纳雍剖面地表和地下水提供了部分P、Be、Zn、Sb、Pb、Y及REEs来源,指示水体迁入作用也是九架炉组REEs富集的重要原因。研究表明黔中九架炉组微量元素的来源较复杂,风化-沉积过程中,化学性质稳定的元素残留在风化碎屑物中并被搬运-沉积在负地形中,而化学性质活泼的元素首先被带入水体,在沉积-成岩过程中特定条件下发生二次富集作用(例如次生矿物的形成及吸附)形成微量元素富集的地层。     

Geochemical characteristics of elements in suspended sediments in the Huanghe (Yellow) River

Eighteen suspended sediment samples were collected along the Huanghe River main stem from upper reaches on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Tibet Plateau) to the entrance at the Bo Hai Bay and at confluences of its tributaries, during the first summer flood in 1980. Major elements such as Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na, and trace elements such as As, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and humus were examined. Variations in composition of suspended sediments also were studied. Three major types of sediment composition were observed. The controlling factor for the variation is parent rocks, though climate and vegetation played an active role. Correlation coefficients, cluster analysis, and enrichment factors were calculated to study the geochemical characteristics of the sediments. Mg, Na and Fe were the only ones subject to considerable leaching, whereas Se, Cd, Zn were significantly accumulated, indicating a low intensity of weathering.     

Geochemistry of trace and rare earth elements during weathering of black shale profiles in Northeast Chongqing,Southwestern China: Their mobilization,redistribution, and fractionation

In this study, the mobilization, redistribution, and fractionation of trace and rare earth elements (REE) during chemical weathering in mid-ridge (A), near mountaintop (B), and valley (C) profiles (weak, weak to moderate, and moderate to intense chemical weathering stage, respectively), are characterized. Among the trace elements, U and V were depleted in the regolith in all three profiles, Sr, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf displayed slight gains or losses, and Th, Rb, Cs, and Sc remained immobile. Mn, Ba, Zn, Cu, and Cr were enriched at the regolith in profiles A and B, but depleted in profile C. Mn, Pb, and Co were also depleted in the saprock and fractured shale zones in profiles A and B and enriched in profile C. REEs were enriched in the regolith and depleted at the saprock zone in profiles A and B and depleted along profile C. Mobility of trace and REEs increased with increasing weathering intensity. Normalized REE patterns based on the parent shale revealed light REE (LREE) enrichment, middle REE (MREE), and heavy REE (HREE) depletion patterns. LREEs were less mobile compared with MREEs and HREEs, and this differentiation increased with increasing weathering degree. Positive Ce anomalies were higher in profile C than in profiles A and B. The Ce fractionated from other REE showed that Ce changed from trivalent to tetravalent (as CeO₂) under oxidizing conditions. Minimal REE fractionation was observed in the saprock zone in profiles A and B. In contrast, more intense weathering in profile C resulted in preferential retention of LREE (especially Ce), leading to considerable LREE/MREE and LREE/HREE fractionation. (La/Yb)_N and (La/Sm)_N ratios displayed maximum values in the saprock zone within low pH values. Findings demonstrate that acidic solutions can mobilize REEs and result in leaching of REEs out of the highly acidic portions of the saprock material and transport downward into fractured shale. The overall behavior of elements in the three profiles suggests that solution pH, as well as the presence of primary and secondary minerals, play important roles in the mobilization and redistribution of trace elements and REEs during black shale chemical weathering.     

Geochemistry of a paleosol horizon at the base of the Sausar Group,central India: Implications on atmospheric conditions at the Archeane Paleoproterozoic boundary

A paleosol horizon is described from the contact of the Sausar Group(w2400 Ma) and its basement(Tirodi Gneiss; 2500 Ma) in Central India. Physical evidence of pedogenesis is marked by the development of stress corrosion cracks, soil peds, corestone weathering and nodular rocks. XRD and SEM-EDX data indicate the presence of siderite, ankerite, uraninite, chlorite, alumino-silicate minerals, ilmenite,rutile and magnetite, in addition to quartz, feldspar and mica. The chemical index of alteration, the plagioclase index of alteration, and the chemical index of weathering show an increasing trend from parent rock to the paleosol and indicate a moderate trend of weathering. The A-CN-K plot indicates loss of feldspars, enrichment in Al2O3 and formation of illite. Different major element ratios indicate baseloss through hydrolysis, clay formation, leaching of some elements, and more precipitation with good surface drainage. The paleosol is depleted in HREE in comparison to the parent rock indicating high fluid-rock interaction during weathering. The paleosol samples show flat Ce and Eu anomalies, low SREE, and high(La/Yb)N, indicative of a reducing environment of formation. Reducing condition can also be inferred from the concentration of elements such as V, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the paleosol profile. Although enriched in Fe and Mg, the overall geochemical patterns of the paleosol indicate oxygen deficient conditions in the atmosphere and development by weathering and leaching processes associated with high precipitation and good surface drainage at the time of development of this paleosol during the Archeane Paleoproterozoic transition.     

湘中桃江锰矿废矿堆环境地球化学分析

对湘中桃江锰矿废矿堆的废石进行了主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素和重金属元素的地球化学分析。野外观察及分析结果表明:组成废矿堆的岩石主要是赋矿围岩中奥陶统黑色页岩和原生碳酸锰矿石。这些废石富含Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Tl、Sb、U等重金属元素。废石暴露地表而遭受风化分解,导致Sc、V、Cr、U、Cd、Th等重金属元素淋滤释出,在废石样品中均表现出不同程度的迁移特征,且以V、Cd、U的迁移性最为强烈。此外,黑色页岩中Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Tl、Sb也明显发生淋失。这些重金属元素如Cd、Tl等毒性极强,进入矿区周围不断积聚,便可能对环境造成严重的影响。故对区内分布的废矿堆作为重金属污染源应高度重视。     

Jurassic Black Shales Facies from Qiangtang Basin (Northern Tibet):Rare Earth and Trace Elements for Paleoceanographic Implications

The Biluo Co and Amdo 114 station, northern Tibet, cropping out the Early Toarcian and Middle-Late Tithonian (Jurassic) organic-rich black shales, have been a focus to petroleum geologists in discussing their oil-producing potential. This paper first reports the trace elements and rare earth elements to discuss the paleoenvironments, redox conditions and sedimentary mechanisms of those black shales. Both sections exhibit variation in trace element abundances with concentrations <0.1 ppm to 760 ppm, mostly enriched in V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ba and U. Element ratios of Ni/Co, V/Cr, U/Th and V/(V+Ni) plus U were used to identify redox conditions. The shale-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns are characterized by the flat-shale type with instable Ce anomalies and very weekly positive Eu anomalies. Positive Ceanom values are significant with values varying between –0.064 and 0.029 in Biluo Co, which may be interpreted as release of REE and input of riverine terrestrial matter with rich Ce (resulting in pH change) during the anoxic conditions. In the middle parts of Amdo 114 station, distinct negative Ceanom values are observed (?0.238 to ?0.111) and associated surface water warming were interpreted as being related to a major sea level rise. In contrast, the formation of the black shales in the lower and upper part of the studied succession took place during a cooler (Ceanom values >–0.10), lower surface water productivity, and lower sea-level stage. Thus, we emphasize the role of different factors that control the formation of local and regional black shales. The most important factors are sea-level fluctuations and increasing productivity.     

Gcochemical characteristics and the (Ecological significance of oil shales from the youganwo formation,maoniing basin. China北大核心CSCD

Geochemical elements of oil shale in the Maoniing Basin were analyzed to discuss provenance attribute and depositional environment of the Youganwo formation. Experimental date of the major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements of 24 samples from the Maoye I well were examined. The analyzed oil shale samples were characterized by enrichment of Tb, U, Kb and LREE, depleted of Zr, Cr and Hf, negative Eu and Ce anomalies, indicating that these samples were originated from continental crust. The chemical index of alteration( CIA) values and the ZrZSc-Th/Sc diagrams indicate that source rooks had undergone intense chemical weathering and deposition recirculation. Based on the La/Th-Hf and La/Yb-^REE diagrams and the negative anomaly of Eu element, the oil shale in the Maoniing Basin has diverse sources, which mainly came from felsic source region of the upper crust or the mixture of felsic volcanic rocks, granite and sedimentary rocks. Ratios of the SrZCu, MgO/CaO suggest that oil shale was formed in fresh water under warm and humid climate, shallow water column became deeper during the middle and late sedimentary period. The depositional environment is interpreted to be limnetic with weak reduction at the early stage and gradually turned into semi-deep to deep lacustrine.     

滇西陇川营盘山离子吸附型稀土矿稀土元素分布特征

滇西陇川地区广泛分布着白垩纪至古近纪中酸性花岗岩,以邦棍尖山为代表的岩体花岗岩稀土含量较高,经复杂的风化淋滤作用,岩体中的稀土元素在风化壳中迁移、富集成矿,陇川营盘山稀土矿即为近年新发现的该类型矿产地之一。为研究新发现的营盘山稀土矿稀土元素分布特征、富集规律及稀土配分特征,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析成矿母岩及其风化壳不同风化程度样品稀土分量,结果表明:风化壳各层位稀土元素分布特征相比母岩具有明显的继承性,随风化程度升高,轻重稀土分馏程度升高,轻稀土在全风化层上部相对富集,且随风化程度升高轻稀土富集程度升高,而重稀土的富集程度则逐渐减弱,Gd是风化壳富集能力最强的元素,Dy富集能力最弱,Ce富集在近地表,重稀土具有更强的向下迁移能力。同时,研究发现该稀土矿床的稀土配分特征为低钇、铕,富镧、铈、钕。