由承压井水位动态反演水井含水层的应力变化

分析了承压井含水层应力场与地壳应力应变之间以及含水层应力应变与井水位之间的定量关系,给出了利用承压不位变化反演含水层应力变化的三种新方法,通过含水层的参数,固体潮效应以及气压效应反演水井含水层的应力变化,讨论了承压井水位反映含水层应力应变的稳定性,并将该反演结果与其它方法的结果进行了比较。     

地下水位固体潮响应的地震异常

本文从理论上讨论了承压井水位与含水层固体潮体应变的关系以及在非线性失稳状态井水位对固体潮响应的变化,重点讨论了其响应率与响应比的变化。对水位观测资料的计算分析表明,震前响应率有一些变化,响应比有一个背景值1,与理论是一致的,而且震前也存在一些变化,说明水位固体潮响应可以反映含水层岩石参数的变化。     

地下不位固体潮响应的地震异常

本文从理论上讨论了承压井不位与含水层固体应变的关系以及在非线性失稳状态井水位对固体潮响应的变化，重点讨论了其响应率与响应比的变化。对水位观测资料的计算分析表明，震前响庆率有一些变化；响应比有一个背景值１，与理论是一致的，而且震前也存在一些变化位固体潮响应可以反映含水层岩石参数的变化。     

一种估算地震引起应力场调整的新方法

引言 承压含水层内水井水位的变化可反映含水层孔隙压的变化,而含水层孔隙压的变化与含水层所受的压力状态有密切的关系。地壳内的应力变化有时可影响到含水层所受应力状态发生变化。构造地震的发生,一般看作是地壳内应变的积累,岩体裂隙形成演化的结果。所以在大地震发生时会引起大区域应力场的调整变化。这种应力场的调整变化是     

松散承压含水层水位的同震响应实验与数值模拟

为深入理解井水位同震响应机理,本文开展了向完整井-松散含水层系统输入由不同频率和振幅（加速度）组成的正弦波荷载的振动台实验。以实验模型为物理模型,建立了振动作用下松散承压含水层中孔隙水压力响应的流固耦合模型和含水层水流与井流的相互作用模型,并运用多物理场耦合模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics对实验过程进行了数值模拟。实验中观测到的四种典型水位变化形态与野外场地同震井水位变化形态相似。数值模拟结果显示,本研究建立的数学模型能较好地反映松散承压含水层中孔隙水压力和水位的响应情况。本文研究对解释地下水同震响应机制、岩体渗流稳定性和安全问题具有重要意义。     

承压井水位对气压动态过程的响应

本文从气压影响承压井水位的偏微分方程出发,考虑到井孔和含水层之间相互渗流的边界条件,得出了方程的解。给出了承压井水位对气庄动态过程响应的气压效率和位相滞后。讨论了气压效率和位相滞后与水井含水层系统各参数的关系。并指出气压效率越大的承压井,其含水层对应力应变的敏感程度越差。     

井水位对气压响应的滞后及其机理

通过井口空气压力变化对井水位影响的试验，分析了井水位对空气压力变化响应幅变和滞后时间，认为在相同的井口空气压差情况下，压力变化周期越大，井水位响应幅度也越大，而位相滞后越小。水平层状承压含水层的理论研究表明，井水位对气压影响的滞后时间主要取决于含水层的导水系数和气压变化的周期，这两种参数越大，则滞后时间越小。因此，井水位对气压响应的滞后是由于水压井孔与含水层间渗流需要一定时间造成的，而不是由于地面     

不同力源作用下九江地震台井水位仪与伸缩仪的体应变响应分析

根据潮汐因子计算结果,确定了井水位观测格值。又由线应变和水位与体应变转换公式,分别计算了在固体潮、大气压、强远震和承压含水层排水作用下伸缩仪与水位仪的的体应变响应量,二者相对变化率(体应变比值)在0.242~0.668之间,分析比较了二者的响应特征,并初步解释了水位与应变同步变化的物理机制。     

井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的地震短临前兆

从岩石的应变与应力的非线性响应分析了井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的物理机理，分析了承压井含水层对固体潮体应变的响应，给出了计算井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的两种方法，并以距菏泽5.9级地震震中较近的豫01井为例，计算了该井水位对固体潮体应变的响应率和两种固体潮加卸载响应比．震前响应率和响应比都有增大的变化．      

井水位的“记忆”滞后效应

观测资料表明,井水位对信息响应存在的“记忆”滞后现象,它与一般的位相滞后不同,在鲁２９井现场试验也证明了井水位对井吕空气压力变化的响应存在的“记忆”滞后现象。利用水平层状承压含水层模式,从理论上解释了井水位对井口空气压力变化响应“记忆”滞后现象,认为这种现象与水井含水层的导水系数有关,含水层导不系数越小,这种现象越明显,用一般多元回归方法无法较好地扣除井水位中“记忆”滞后影响,作给出了一种可以扣     

琼中地震台重力仪记录同震响应特征分析

2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.