唐山市古冶区预测震害烈度的确定

通过分析唐山市古冶区地震地质资料、历史地震资料并结合唐山市7.8级大地震强余震的分布规律等,综合确定唐山古冶区预测震害烈度,为房屋震害预测分析提供依据。     

唐山市新区现有房屋震害预测

通过对唐山市新区现有房屋震害预测研究，给出了遭受7、8度地震时的预测结果和震害分布图，为研究制定唐山市新区抗震防灾对策提供了重要依据。     

震后企业停产减产损失估计方法的研究

企业停产减产损失是地震间接损失的重要组成部分，本文根据唐山地震的震害资料，提出了地震破坏后一个地区或城市因停产和减产而造成的经济损失的一个估计方法，为估计地城的时间损失提供了一个可行的途径，此法广泛适用于震后经济损失估计和震害预测工作。     

多层砖房震害的灰色预测

本文将灰色聚类方法应用于震害预测之中,建立了多层砖房震害预测的灰色模型。通过唐山地震43个实例的预测结果与实际震害的比较,说明了这种预测模型的有效性。     

唐山震害与发震构造的关系

唐山震害与发震构造的关系关于唐山地震的地质背景以及发震构造，地震学者们从不同的角度做了不同的论述，已经揭示了唐山地震发震构造的总体面貌。本文只是根据唐山震害与发震构造的关系，谈一谈个人认识。１９９０－１９９２年，我们对唐山地震震害进行了较为全面的调查...     

唐山东矿区地震易损性分析

地震易损性分析是小区域震害预测的一种新方法,是以震害经验为基础,综合分析地基土、第四系厚度、地下水埋深、砂土液化、边坡、断层和地形等地质因素对震害的影响,并将这些影响以数字形式表示。以唐山东矿区为例,介绍地震易损性分析在我国的应用     

唐山大地震时房屋破坏及其启示

一、前言 1976年7月唐山地震时,唐山、天津广大地区的房屋破坏十分严重,呈现某些规律性的变化。研究这些变化规律,不仅对平原地区震害预测理论研究有很大意义,而且对平原甚至山区抗震防震工作,也有很大参考价值。作者和同事们1976至1981年间,先后多次到过地震现场考察,收集到不少资料。在这些资料基础上,我们系统研究了唐山、天津地区的大量震害航空照片,最后撰成此文,供大家讨论,如有不妥之处,希读者给予批评指正。     

徐州市供水生命线工程易损性分析与震害预测

本文以海城、唐山地震一些城市供水管网的震害经验为基础,联系徐州市直埋管线状况和可能出现的地面破坏程度,对该市供水生命线工程作了易损性分析和震害预测。     

唐山地震震害调查成果介绍

唐山地震震害调查成果介绍唐山地震给人类造成的伤亡和损失是极其惨重的。唐山人民以巨大的血的代价，为人类’换取了地震防灾、救灾等多方面的宝贵经验。对于唐山地震和震害，人们已经做了大量的调查研究，并取得了丰硕的成果。但是，对于农村震和伴随地震的发生而出现的...     

珠江三角洲通信系统震害预测

基于珠江三角洲通信建筑物的调查资料，对典型的通信建筑物做了时程地震反应分析和单体震害预测；对另一些建筑物做了群体震害预测；并就通信设备震害预测问题做了简单评述。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

Influence of the topography of the surface of the Earth on vertical sounding of the temperature profile

Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM.