非洲铝土矿地质特征、成矿规律与找矿前景研究

非洲是全球铝土矿资源最丰富的大洲,以产有多个世界级铝土矿矿床而著称。为分析该地区铝土矿的地质特征、成矿规律和找矿前景,本文在总结非洲铝土矿资源禀赋特征的基础上,探讨了该地区铝土矿资源的区域成矿地质背景、矿床类型、成矿条件、成矿特征、时空分布规律和成矿演化过程,划分了成矿区带。研究表明：①非洲铝土矿资源主要集中分布在西非地区,具有储量巨大、品位高、埋藏浅、易开采等特点;②矿床类型为红土型,是在成矿构造环境、成矿母岩、古气候、古地形地貌等多种成矿条件耦合下,铝硅酸盐岩及富铝变质岩发生深度红土化作用的产物;③成矿母岩以中新生代基性侵入岩、火山岩及古元古代变质岩、古生代变质岩为主;④赋铝土矿红土风化壳具有垂直分带性;⑤成矿构造单元以西非克拉通为主;⑥主要成矿时代为晚白垩世-新生代。根据铝土矿的成矿构造环境、成矿特征和时空分布规律,将非洲铝土矿划分为西非铝土矿成矿省和东南非铝土矿成矿省2个成矿省及6个一级成矿带,这些成矿省、成矿带是非洲重要的铝土矿矿产地和找矿远景区,找矿潜力巨大。     

中国铝土矿成矿规律概要

我国铝矿资源丰富,铝土矿占绝对优势.铝土矿集中分布于山西、河南、贵州和广西等19个省(区市).矿床类型以古风化壳沉积型为主,其次为堆积型;成矿时代以晚古生代为主,其次是新生代;成矿大地构造背景以稳定陆块环境最为特色.本文从中国铝土矿资源特点、矿床类型、成矿区带和成矿系列划分等方面深入总结了全国铝土矿成矿规律,划分了15个成铝区带,厘定了7个铝矿成矿系列,圈定了7个重要矿集区,为全国铝土矿资源潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据.     

中国镓矿分布规律、成矿机制及找矿方向

金属镓资源是我国优势资源, 但随着国内外需求量不断增大, 我国金属镓的后备资源逐步短缺。本文系统搜集了我国富镓矿床研究和勘查成果资料, 初步总结了我国富镓矿的分布规律、成矿机制和找矿方向。研究认为, 我国镓矿主要伴生在铝土矿、煤矿和铅锌矿之中, 以铝土矿中伴生镓最为重要。依据不同成矿作用将我国具有工业价值的富镓矿床划分为沉积型铝土矿、堆积型铝土矿、红土型铝土矿、煤矿床和碳酸盐岩型(MVT)铅锌矿等5种伴生镓矿床类型, 并总结了不同类型镓矿床的时空分布规律。时间上, 我国富镓矿床在元古宙、古生代、中生代和新生代均有发育, 以石炭纪—三叠纪、侏罗纪—白垩纪和第四纪为主。其中, 富镓铝土矿主要形成于石炭纪、二叠纪和第四纪, 以石炭纪最为重要; 富镓铅锌矿主要形成于震旦纪和寒武纪; 富镓煤矿主要形成于石炭纪和二叠纪。空间上, 我国富镓矿床主要分布在晋豫成矿区、右江成矿区、扬子陆块西南成矿区、川—滇—黔成矿带、湘西—鄂西成矿带、湘东—赣西成矿带和华北陆块北缘成矿区等7个区带中。不同类型富镓矿床的成矿机制不同, 一般在风化-沉积作用下形成富镓铝土矿, 镓与铝常以类质同象形式存在; 在生物化学沉积作用下形成富镓煤矿, 镓常以无机态、有机态和混合形式存在, 在我国多以无机态的形式赋存于勃姆石、硬水铝石等矿物中; 在热液作用下形成富镓铅锌矿, 镓可能以类质同象形式进入以闪锌矿为主的硫化矿物晶格中。根据不同镓矿的成矿作用、富集过程和地质背景, 建立了煤矿、铅锌矿和铝土矿中镓富集成矿的理想模型, 并对铝土矿、煤矿和铅锌矿中伴生镓矿进行了找矿预测, 提出了找矿方向和重点找矿区域, 其中以沉积型、堆积型铝土矿的找矿为主攻方向, 并可兼顾煤矿和铅锌矿等其他伴生镓矿床。     

广西来宾市北敢堆积型铝土矿地质特征及找矿标志

在分析研究区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿床成因进行了初步探讨,总结了找矿标志.认为矿源层来自上二叠统合山组底部与中二叠统茅口组顶部的古侵蚀间断面上的原生铁铝岩(铝土矿);成矿过程经历了原生铁铝岩的形成、初始堆积铝土矿的形成和改造富集成矿三个阶段后再次遭受风化、剥蚀、搬运和堆积,最终堆积型铝土矿在岩溶坡地和...     

中国铝土矿资源特征及潜力分析

本文从铝土矿资源现状、成因类型、预测类型、资源潜力等方面总结了中国铝土矿资源特征。中国铝土矿划分为古风化壳沉积型、堆积型和红土型3大矿床成因类型,对应于铝土矿3大预测类型;根据中国铝土矿查明资源储量和预测资源量分布,从成铝区带、省区市和主成矿期3个层面,重点分析了中国铝土矿资源潜力,提出中国南方红土型铝土矿和中国北方煤下铝土矿是今后主要的找矿方向。     

中国铜矿床成矿系列研究进展

矿床成矿系列理论在中国经过三十多年的发展,已被广泛应用于找矿勘查实践。文章在以往矿床成矿系列研究的基础上,对中国铜矿床的成矿系列进行了补充与完善,厘定出30个以铜为特色的矿床成矿系列。结合全国地质与成矿演化,分析铜矿床成矿系列在主要地质历史时期的特点与时空分布规律,其中,前寒武纪7个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以变质型和岩浆型为主;古生代8个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以海相火山岩型为主;中生代13个铜矿床成矿系列和新生代2个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型均以斑岩型和矽卡岩型为主。西藏地区铜矿找矿突破显著,新增2个全国范围的铜矿床成矿系列。矿床成矿系列的复合,是中国铜矿床成矿系列研究的重要成果和特色。     

广西龙州县金龙铝土矿地质特征及成因初探

广西龙州县金龙铝土矿是近年新发现的迭大型以上规模的堆积型一水铝土矿床.文章在分析研究区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿床成因及控矿因素进行了初步探讨,总结了找矿标志,认为矿源层来自晚泥盆世与早石炭世之间古侵蚀间断面上的原生铁铝岩(铝土矿);成矿经历了矿源层的形成、表生的风化岩溶作用和改造富集三个阶段;矿区外围...     

黔北还打岩铝土矿地质特征及找矿潜力

还打岩铝土矿位于黔北务正道地区之道真向斜西翼北段,为沉积型矿床;其含铝岩系二叠系中统梁山组(P2l)产于志留系中下统韩家店组(S1-2hj)页岩、泥岩、砂质页岩及粉砂质泥岩或石炭系上统黄龙组(C_2h)碳酸盐岩侵蚀间断面之上;矿石自然类型以致密块状为主,豆鲕状、碎屑状次之,少量土状;矿石质量属于中铝、中硅、中铁型,且ω(Al_2O_3)与ω(SiO_2)呈负相关。晚志留世—早二叠世之间多期次的地壳运动,致使韩家店组(S_(1-2)hj)和黄龙组(C2h)地层遭受风化剥蚀分别形成红土和钙红土,为铝土矿的形成准备了充足的物质来源;加之,中二叠世务正道地区大规模的海侵海退,促使富含铝、铁的红土和钙红土在适宜的海湾环境中重新迁移并经脱硅富铝作用后成矿。还打岩铝土矿古地貌地势较低,受大气降水影响较小;距海较近,受海水影响较大,古潜水面较高;因含矿岩系梁山组(P2l)长期处于潜流带或潜流带之下,水体交替作用较弱,暴露淋滤时间较短,脱硅富铝作用较弱,从而进一步说明还打岩铝土矿具有以铝硅比低的致密块状、豆鲕状及碎屑状矿石占比大,以铝硅比高的土状矿石占比少的特点。根据务正道地区铝土矿矿床成因与成矿规律,类比分析道真向斜西翼内已探明的铝土矿床;总结还打岩铝土矿地质特征及探获深部矿体的有利条件;认为还打岩铝土矿具有一定的找矿潜力。     

黔北还打岩铝土矿地质特征及找矿潜力

还打岩铝土矿位于黔北务正道地区之道真向斜西翼北段,为沉积型矿床;其含铝岩系二叠系中统梁山组(P2l)产于志留系中下统韩家店组(S1-2hj)页岩、泥岩、砂质页岩及粉砂质泥岩或石炭系上统黄龙组(C_2h)碳酸盐岩侵蚀间断面之上;矿石自然类型以致密块状为主,豆鲕状、碎屑状次之,少量土状;矿石质量属于中铝、中硅、中铁型,且ω(Al_2O_3)与ω(SiO_2)呈负相关。晚志留世—早二叠世之间多期次的地壳运动,致使韩家店组(S_(1-2)hj)和黄龙组(C2h)地层遭受风化剥蚀分别形成红土和钙红土,为铝土矿的形成准备了充足的物质来源;加之,中二叠世务正道地区大规模的海侵海退,促使富含铝、铁的红土和钙红土在适宜的海湾环境中重新迁移并经脱硅富铝作用后成矿。还打岩铝土矿古地貌地势较低,受大气降水影响较小;距海较近,受海水影响较大,古潜水面较高;因含矿岩系梁山组(P2l)长期处于潜流带或潜流带之下,水体交替作用较弱,暴露淋滤时间较短,脱硅富铝作用较弱,从而进一步说明还打岩铝土矿具有以铝硅比低的致密块状、豆鲕状及碎屑状矿石占比大,以铝硅比高的土状矿石占比少的特点。根据务正道地区铝土矿矿床成因与成矿规律,类比分析道真向斜西翼内已探明的铝土矿床;总结还打岩铝土矿地质特征及探获深部矿体的有利条件;认为还打岩铝土矿具有一定的找矿潜力。     

黔北务正道地区铝土矿沉积相与矿石品质的关系

在论述黔北务正道地区铝土矿成矿地质背景的基础上,根据古盐度(B)质量分数显示和古地貌特征,认为研究区北部的道真一带是一个"十字形"的半封闭式的古海湾沉积环境,南部属陆上沉积环境。相带划分表明:以滨海相沉积环境下形成的铝土矿矿石品质较好,以中高铝、中高铝硅比为特征;形成于滨岸湿地相的铝土矿次之,矿石品质以中铝、中铝硅比为特征;形成于坡积相的铝土矿矿石品质欠佳,以低铝、低铝硅比为特征。由坡积相向滨岸湿地相过渡的铝土矿矿石品质逐渐变富;而滨海相中铝土矿在其中心地带品质好,向浅海相过渡其矿石品质逐渐变贫。铝土矿矿石品质的规律变化,反映了研究区铝土矿的赋存富集严格受沉积相的制约而呈环状、条带状分布的特点。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with