台湾海峡南部夏季微型浮游动物对不同色素类群浮游植物的摄食压力

2005年7月在台湾海峡南部4个站位应用“稀释法”结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)色素分析技术研究了不同色素类群浮游植物的生长率及微型浮游动物对其的摄食死亡率.结果表明,不同色素类群浮游植物的生长率(k)和摄食死亡率(g)分别为0.52～ 1.34 d-1和0.25 ～ 1.10 d-1,微型浮游动物对不同色素类群浮游植物的现存量和初级生产力的摄食压力分别为22％～ 66％和40％～ 151％.通过比较不同类群浮游植物的g/k值,发现颗粒较大的浮游植物(硅藻和甲藻)的净生长率要大于那些微型藻类(蓝细菌、隐藻和定鞭金藻等)的净生长率,说明本次研究中微型藻类更易受到微型浮游动物的摄食控制.     

长江口南部赤潮区春季表层沉积物中色素组成、含量与分布状况

为剖析长江口邻近海域春季硅藻藻华后期藻类沉降与底层水体缺氧现象之间的关系,作者于2011年春季,在长江口南部赤潮区采集了表层沉积物样品,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对浮游植物色素进行了分析。结果表明,硅藻藻华发生后,表层沉积物中叶绿素a(Chl a)、岩藻黄素(Fuco)和19’-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(But-Fuco)含量有显著增加,高值区主要分布在调查海域东南侧50 m等深线外侧,与底层低氧水体分布区基本吻合。因此,硅藻藻华后沉降的藻类对于该海域夏季缺氧区的形成应具有一定作用,其具体过程和机制仍有待于研究。     

《中国海洋湖沼学报》(英文版, SCI-E 收录) Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012 年第3 期论文导读

Pigment characterization for the 2011 bloom in Qin-huangdao implicated"brown tide"events in China孔凡洲,于仁成等:渤海秦皇岛沿岸海域近年来发生大规模藻华,对贝类养殖业构成巨大危害,但藻华原因种(一种细胞大小约2μm的微藻)一直未能鉴定。通过对2011年该海域藻华期间浮游植物色素的分析发现,高含量的19-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素是最为突出的特征色素,据此判断藻华原因种应为海金藻类     

应用光合色素标记物研究2001年2～6月厦门西海域浮游植物群落结构

利用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）对厦门西海域2001年2～6月的浮游植物色素进行了测定,并首次运用CHEMTAX软件对该海域进行了浮游植物群落组成的分析,同时分析了环境因子对群落组成的作用.我们首先改进了RP-HPLC分离方案,分离的时间缩短了近1/3,达到了提高分离效率的目的.利用改进后的RP-HPLC方案进行色素分析显示,厦门西海域2001年2～6月期间,主要的特征色素是岩藻黄素（fucoxanthin）、19’-丁酰基氧化岩藻黄素（19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin）、19’-己酰基氧化岩藻黄素（19’-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin）和多甲藻素（peridinin）,月平均含量分别在267.824～655.076、20.118～126.764、65.693～214.115、26.955～203.927μg/m3的范围变动.CHEMTAX计算的结果进一步表明：硅藻是主要优势类群,其次是定鞭金藻和甲藻,分别占总生物量的36.14%～79.27%、4.50%～37.40%和4.83%～21.37%.总生物量从2月到6月呈增长趋势,温度是主要的决定因子.硅藻和定鞭金藻所占生物量的份额呈相反趋势变化,表明种间竞争也是重要的因素之一.     

冬季海南岛五个海湾浮游植物光合色素分布的比较研究

为了研究海南岛周边海湾浮游植物群落分布特征,于2010年12月在海南岛周边5个海湾(海口湾、澄迈湾、洋浦-新英湾、陵水新村湾、三亚大东海)进行生态调查,分析了调查区域表层水的光合色素分布特征、浮游植物群落结构以及环境因素,对浮游植物不同类群的影响。本次调查共检出17种光合色素,岩藻黄素和叶绿素a是含量最高的两种色素,平均值分别达到0.410?g/L和0.278?g/L。CHEMTAX分析表明,调查海湾浮游植物类群主要包括硅藻、甲藻、蓝藻、青绿藻、隐藻等;浮游植物类群以硅藻为主,其次是隐藻与青绿藻。海南岛北部3个海湾(海口湾、澄迈湾、洋浦-新英湾)的硅藻比例低于南部2个海湾(陵水新村湾、三亚大东海),但其隐藻比例高于南部海湾。RDA结果显示,不同门类的浮游植物受环境因子影响的模式不同:定鞭藻、金藻、蓝藻与盐度、温度呈较强正相关,而与硅酸盐呈较强负相关;硅藻与盐度、温度呈较强正相关,与DIN、硅酸盐、磷酸盐呈负相关;甲藻、绿藻与DIN、磷酸盐呈较强正相关并与其他环境因子相关性较小;隐藻、青绿藻与硅酸盐呈较强正相关,与盐度、温度呈极强负相关。     

长江口海域春季浮游植物的年际变化

于2014年5月在长江口海域采集海水样品,分析了浮游植物种类组成、细胞丰度、优势种等群落结构特征。共鉴定浮游植物105种,其中硅藻30属56种,甲藻19属41种,以及隶属于金藻、蓝藻等的8个种。浮游硅藻以近岸半咸水种为主,优势种类是中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum);浮游甲藻以沿岸广布种为主,典型代表是东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)。为了更好地了解长江口海域浮游植物的年际变化趋势,本文收集整理了该海域1986—2014年间的春季数据,分析了浮游硅藻、浮游甲藻主要群落特征的年际变化,以及浮游硅藻优势种类细胞粒径的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)浮游硅藻、浮游甲藻的种类数均呈现不同程度的上升趋势,浮游甲藻的上升幅度更为明显;(2)浮游甲藻种类数在浮游植物种类数中的占有比例呈上升趋势,而浮游硅藻所占比例呈下降趋势;(3)浮游硅藻优势种类的细胞粒径呈现小型化趋势。     

枯水期钦州湾浮游植物群落结构组成与分布特征

应用浮游植物特征光合色素的分析方法,研究了2011年枯水期钦州湾浮游植物的结构组成与分布特征。结果表明:枯水期含量较高的浮游植物光合色素按含量高低依次为叶绿素a、岩藻黄素、叶绿素b、青绿素和多甲藻素,其他特征光合色素的含量很低。经CHEMTAX对光合色素转化计算,枯水期普遍检出的浮游植物类群为硅藻、青绿藻和甲藻,是枯水期浮游植物的优势类群,其生物量的平均值(±标准差)分别为(2.36±2.38)μg/L、(0.87±0.53)μg/L、(0.13±0.14)μg/L,变化范围为0.18~7.45μg/L、0.10~1.80μg/L和0.02~0.60μg/L。硅藻、青绿藻和甲藻占枯水期浮游植物生物量比例的平均值(±标准差)分别为59%±21%、30%±16%、6%±4%,占比变化范围为29%~96%、1%~53%和0.4%~14%,其他藻类所占比例很低。河口和外湾靠外海域两个区域以硅藻为优势类群,内湾及外湾近岸硅藻和青绿藻共同为优势类群。河流营养盐输入量和比例的不同决定了钦州湾河口海区浮游植物群落结构的差异,大面积贝类养殖导致了内湾至外湾近岸海区硅藻比例的降低,而外湾水温的增加引起暖水性硅藻大量增长成为优势类群,在温度进一步增加和营养盐持续输入等条件下存在会发生硅藻赤潮的风险。     

热带东印度洋春季浮游植物群落结构空间特征分析

基于2013年3月至5月采集的热带东印度洋海域(10.0°S～4.0°N, 83.0°～97.5°E)浮游植物水样样品，分析了其种类组成、优势类群、细胞丰度等群落特征参数，综合比较了水平和垂向上浮游植物种类及丰度的差异性，初步探讨了其成因。结果表明:2013年春季热带东印度洋微型浮游植物共鉴定出306种，主要由硅藻、甲藻、金藻、蓝藻、裸藻和隐藻六大门类组成，其优势类群主要以粒径较小的隐藻、微型甲藻、菱形藻、环沟藻等为主。水平分布上，各水层浮游植物细胞丰度分布趋势相似，但斑块特征明显，其高值区位于88°E断面赤道以南次表层水域(30 m、75 m)，局部区域细胞丰度值可达104 cells/L以上；与其毗邻的东南部、东部水域为低值区，并向赤道延伸。垂直剖面上，硅藻和甲藻广泛分布在各取样深度，但分布特征有明显的空间差异和规律，0 m、30 m大部分站位硅藻种类比例在0.2～0.3甚至更低，甲藻在0.7～0.8，随着水层加深(75 m、100 m、150 m、300 m)，硅藻种类占比上升到0.5～0.6，甲藻降低到0.4～0.5，无论硅藻还是甲藻种类数75 m层最丰富。30 m和75 m水层细胞丰度明显高于其他水层。甲藻是热带东印度洋微型浮游植物种类和细胞丰度的重要贡献者，低生物量海域表现的更为明显，贡献率大于80%。该研究将极大丰富东印度洋浮游植物群落空间特征基础信息较匮乏的现状，为量化、评估该海域的生物资源提供数据支撑。     

氮形态组成对海洋浮游植物群落结构的影响与动力学研究

海洋浮游植物群落结构的改变与营养盐结构有关,不同形态氮可能会影响优势种生长从而改变浮游植物群落结构。本文针对莱州湾硅藻向甲藻潜在的种群演替问题,通过船基围隔生态系现场氮加富培养实验,研究NO3-N、NH4-N、陆源有机氮(DONts)和藻源有机氮(DONss)对海洋浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,在NO3-N、NH4-N和DONts加富培养条件下,舟形藻(Navicula spp.,优势度60.4%)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicusm,56.6%)和密连角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus,57.4%)等硅藻是优势种,在DONss加富培养条件下,春膝沟藻(Gonyaulax verior,60.2%)等甲藻为优势种,说明硅藻主要吸收无机态营养盐成为优势种,而甲藻能够吸收DON成为优势藻。动力学过程分析发现,春膝沟藻(G.verior)等甲藻可以直接吸收利用DONss,而DONts可能是通过矿化转化为无机氮,再被密连角毛藻(C.densus)等硅藻吸收与利用。本文研究成果,有助于对硅藻向甲藻演替的营养盐动力学控制机制的认识。     

夏季强降雨对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落结构的影响

为研究强降水对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落的影响及作用机制,作者利用2012年夏季暴雨前(7月17日)和暴雨后(8月5日)采集的浮游植物样品,对暴雨前后胶州湾海域浮游硅藻的种类组成、丰度和群落结构特征等进行了分析,探讨了台风导致的强降雨天气对浮游硅藻群落结构的影响。结果表明,暴雨前胶州湾海域共记录到硅藻22属54种,暴雨后,共记录到出硅藻18属39种,浮游硅藻种类数显著下降。暴雨前浮游硅藻的平均丰度为2 953.9×104个/m3,优势种有浮动弯角藻(Eucampia zoodiacus)、星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、拟旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)和劳氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus);暴雨后浮游硅藻平均丰度为111.4×104个/m3,比暴雨前降低了1个数量级,优势种组成也发生变化,有浮动弯角藻、星脐圆筛藻、大洋角管藻(Cerataulina pelagica)和波状石丝藻(Lithodesmium undulatum)。暴雨前后胶州湾海域浮游硅藻平面分布也发生变化,暴雨前在湾西部丰度值较高,暴雨后浮游硅藻平面分布相比暴雨前更加均匀。本研究可为深入探讨海洋环境异常变化对浮游硅藻乃至浮游植物群落的影响提供重要依据。     

胶州湾北部水域浮游植物研究Ⅰ——种类组成和数量变化

根据 1995年 3月至 1996年 1月胶州湾北部水域调查资料 ,对调查区浮游植物种类组成、细胞数量、优势种组成和季节变化进行了分析研究 ,并与历史资料进行了比较。结果表明 ,浮游植物主要由硅、甲藻组成 ,其中硅藻在细胞数量和种类上都占优势 ;浮游植物细胞数量平面分布的总趋势依月份而异 ;季节变化属双周期类型 :高峰期出现在 1月和 9月 ,低谷期出现于 5月和 11月 ;与历史资料不同的是 ,网采浮游植物的种类和细胞数量都呈现出不同程度的下降趋势。     

印尼爪哇上升流海域次表层叶绿素最大值层的浮游植物色素分布特征

Upwelling occurs on the coast of Java between June and October, forced by local alongshore winds associated with the southeasterly monsoon. This causes variations in phytoplankton community composition in the upwelling zone compared with the surrounding offshore area. Based on pigments analysis with subsequent calculations of group contributions to total chlorophyll a(Chl a) using CHEMTAX, we studied the distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum along the south coast of Java and the influence of upwelling. Nineteen phytoplankton pigments were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and CHEMTAX analysis associated these to ten major phytoplankton groups. The phytoplankton community in the coastal area influenced by upwelling was characterized by high Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations, indicating the dominance of diatoms. In contrast, in the offshore area, the Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations declined to very low levels and the community was dominated by haptophytes represented by 19′-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin. Accordingly, microphytoplankton was found to be the major size class in the coastal area influenced by upwelling, while nanophytoplankton was most abundant in the offshore area. Low concentrations of other accessory pigments indicated less contribution from dinoflagellates,prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Photo-pigment indices revealed that photosynthetic carotenoids(PSCs) were the largest component of the pigment pool, exceeding the proportion of Chl a, with the average PSCTP up to 0.62. These distribution trends can mainly be explained by phytoplankton adaption strategies to upwelling and subsurface conditions by changing species composition and adjusting the pigment pool.     

Phytoplankton pigments and functional types in the Atlantic Ocean: A decadal assessment, 1995–2005

The phytoplankton pigment composition (chlorophylls and carotenoids) from 17 Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) cruises over the period 1995–2005 was analysed to determine the distributions of pigments and plankton in the Atlantic Ocean between 50°N and 50°S. Data were quality assured by statistical methods, including regression of total chlorophyll a (TChla) versus accessory pigments (AP) and comparison of the AMT-TChla with contemporary SeaWiFS-TChla (cruises AMT-05 to -17). Comparisons of province-mean TChla (±SD) for in situ and satellite data showed good agreement for each cruise. ‘Taxa-specific’ pigments were used to define phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) for each of the biogeochemical provinces along the AMT. Pigment ratios (e.g. TChla/AP) were analysed for each cruise and for each province as indices (characteristic properties) of particular PFTs. Mostly robust positive correlations were observed between TChla and pigment ratios for different PFTs, for some provinces and most cruises. These were consistent with previous observations. Generally there were no significant trends of mean TChla or pigment ratios within provinces over the period 1995–2005, although the previously reported perturbation due to the 1997–1998 ENSO was evident.     

Pigment signatures of some diatoms isolated from China seas

1 Introduction Bacillariophyceae (commonly referred to as di- atoms) are a major component of the world’s marine phytoplankton pool, and they form the base of the food chain in many oceanic regions, especially in temperate seawaters (Llewellyn and Gibb, …     

生物硅的生成与溶解速率的研究——以胶州湾为例

营养盐的含量与元素间的比值直接控制着生态系统的生产力和浮游植物的种类组成.近岸海区硅藻可占初级生产的75%,但其生长速率受Si(OH)4含量的限制.胶州湾浮游植物的物种组成以硅藻为主.用29Si同位素示踪培养方法,采用四极杆质谱同位素稀释技术同时测定了胶州湾硅的生成速率与溶解速率.胶州湾生物硅(BSi)的含量为0.90～1.14 μmol/L,岩成硅(LSi)的含量为46.3～52.3 μmol/L.岩成硅是生物硅的约50倍.胶州湾BSi的含量处于世界近岸海区的低值范围,LSi的含量与LSi/BSi的比值均处于高值区.BSi的绝对生成速率为4～6 nmol/L*d,比生成速率为6～17/d.BSi的绝对溶解速率为<9 nmol/d,比溶解速率为<23/d.进一步开展胶州湾不同季节水体中BSi的生成速率与溶解速率的研究,是深入认识海湾浮游植物生长限制及其资源可持续利用的基础.     

南流江河口区春季浮游植物群落结构组成与分布特征

通过2016年3月底现场航次11个站点的调查,应用反相高效液色谱（RP-HPLC）并结合二极管阵列检测器分析技术,分析了春季广西南流江河口区浮游植物光合色素组成,进而由CHEMTAX软件估算全粒级浮游植物的群落结构。结果表明:春季含量较高的浮游植物特征光合色素含量以叶绿素b最高,其次为岩黄藻素;浮游植物的优势类群为隐藻,其次为绿藻和硅藻,它们分别平均占据了浮游植物生物量的54.95%、23.36%和17.37%,其他藻类所占比例很低。南流江河口区浮游植物群落结构东西部入海分支有较大差异:东部分支营养盐较西部分支低,隐藻所占生物量比例最高,其次为绿藻和硅藻,浮游植物群结构与分布受营养盐因素影响较大;西部分支营养盐含量明显比东部分支高,绿藻和硅藻的所占比例有所提升,隐藻的生物量所占比则有所下降,浮游植物群落结构与分布受非营养盐因素的影响较大。南流江河口区浮游植物生物量和群落结构除了受营养盐影响外,还与浊度、盐度等密切相关,表明南流江浊度增加已明显影响着生态系统结构与功能,需要密切关注和进一步研究。     

Spatial–temporal distribution of phytoplankton pigments in relation to nutrient status in Jiaozhou Bay,China

We conducted studies of phytoplankton and hydrological variables in a semi-enclosed bay in northern China to understand the spatial–temporal variability and relationship between these variables. Samples were collected during seven cruises in Jiaozhou Bay from November 2003 to October 2004, and were analyzed for temperature, nutrients and phytoplankton pigments. Pigments from eight possible phytoplankton classes (Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Chlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Haptophyceae, Cryptophyceae and Caynophyceae) were detected in surface water by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phytoplankton pigment and nutrient concentrations in Jiaozhou Bay were spatially and temporally variable, and most of them were highest in the northern and eastern parts of the sampling regions in spring (May) and summer (August), close to areas of shellfish culturing, river estuaries, dense population and high industrialization, reflecting human activities. Chlorophyll a was recorded in all samples, with an annual mean concentration of 1.892 μg L⁻¹, and fucoxanthin was the most abundant accessory pigment, with a mean concentration of 0.791 μg L⁻¹. The highest concentrations of chlorophyll a (15.299 μg L⁻¹) and fucoxanthin (9.417 μg L⁻¹) were observed in May 2004 at the station close to the Qingdao Xiaogang Ferry, indicating a spring bloom of Diatoms in this area. Although chlorophyll a and other biomarker pigments showed significant correlations, none of them showed strong correlations with temperature and nutrients, suggesting an apparent de-coupling between the pigments and these hydrological variables. The nutrient composition and phytoplankton community composition of Jiaozhou Bay have changed significantly in the past several decades, reflecting the increasing nutrient concentrations and decline of phytoplankton cell abundance. The unchanged total chlorophyll a levels indicated that smaller species have filled the niche vacated by the larger species in Jiaozhou Bay, as revealed by our biomarker pigment analysis.     

2010年冬季胶州湾浮游植物群落结构特征*

研究了2010年冬季胶州湾23个大面站浮游植物的群落结构特征。共检出浮游植物5门44属69种,平均细胞丰度为222.8 cells/mL,其中硅藻在物种数量和细胞丰度上占绝对优势。主要优势种为柔弱几内亚藻Guinardia delicatula、扭链角毛藻Chaetoceros tortissimus、诺氏海链藻Thalassiosira nordenski?ldii和尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens。调查期内浮游植物表层细胞丰度的平面分布趋势为北部高于南部,垂直分布则为各水层之间细胞丰度相差不大。表层浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数的分布显示胶州湾东南至湾口海域浮游植物群落更加均匀稳定。与环境因子的相关分析表明浮游植物细胞丰度与铵盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硅酸盐呈显著的正相关。     

Phytoplankton pigment distribution in relation to silicic acid, iron and the physical structure across the Antarctic Polar Front, 170°W, during austral summer

In order to study the factors controlling the phytoplankton distribution across the Antarctic Polar Frontal Region (PFR), surface pigment samples were collected during austral summer (January/February 1998) near 170°W. Both the Polar Front (PF) and the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF) were regions of enhanced accumulation of phytoplankton pigments. The mesoscale survey across the PF revealed two distinct phytoplankton assemblages on either side of the front. The phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms south of the PF and by nanoflagellates (primarily by prymnesiophytes) to the north. Surprisingly, chlorophyll a concentrations did not correlate with mixed-layer depths. However, an increase of the dominance of diatoms over prymnesiophytes was observed with decreasing mixed-layer depths. Despite this relationship, we conclude that the average light availability in the mixed layer was not an important factor influencing the shift in phytoplankton composition across the PF. Although no correlation was found between the surface distribution of the major phytoplankton taxa and dissolved iron or silicic acid concentrations, the location of the strongest vertical gradient in silicic acid and iron concentration coincides with the maximum abundance of diatoms. We conclude that the difference in taxonomic composition is a result of increased silicic acid and iron flux to the upper mixed layer as a result of the increased vertical gradient of these key nutrients south of the front.     

渤海浮游植物群落结构时空分布及其影响因素

浮游植物群落结构的时空变化对生物地球化学循环、全球气候及渔业资源具有重要的影响。本文采用ROMS-CoSiNE高分辨率数值模拟结果,分析了渤海浮游植物生物量和群落结构的时空分布特征,讨论了浮游植物群落结构时空差异的主要影响因素。结果表明,渤海表层叶绿素浓度和甲硅藻比在冬季最低、夏季最高。叶绿素浓度呈条带状分布,甲硅藻比呈斑块状分布。冬季、春季和秋季浮游植物群落结构均以硅藻占绝对优势,夏季以硅藻和甲藻共同占优。不同因素对浮游植物群落结构的影响具有时空差异性。在辽东湾、渤海湾、莱州湾和渤海中部,各个季节浮游植物群落结构差异分别受磷酸盐、氮磷比、硅氮比、溶解无机氮的影响最大。在冬季、夏季和秋季,各个区域浮游植物群落结构差异均受溶解无机氮的影响最大,在春季则受硅氮比的影响最大。总体上,营养盐浓度及结构是浮游植物群落结构时空差异的主要影响因子。