基于VB6.0的水准网数据处理程序的实现

基于VB6.0语言环境设计了水准网综合数据处理的程序,实现了基于平差基准的最小二乘估计和抗差估计,自动搜索闭合条件、计算闭合差,弥补了现有矿区水准网平差程序或软件中存在的不足,针对程序实现中的关键性问题进行了比较详细的分析并给出了部分程序实现的代码,并通过实测数据进行了验证。     

高精度矿区水准网综合数据处理程序的开发

本文针对现有矿区水准网平差软件或程序存在不足等问题,基于VB6．0编写了矿区水准网综合数据处理程序,并对算法实现的一些关键问题进行了分析,同时给出了部分代码,程序可进行固定基准、秩亏基准、拟稳基准的最小二乘估计和抗差估计,并具有闭合条件搜索与闭合差计算等功能。通过算例,验证了程序的正确性和可靠性。     

系统偏差和观测粗差对不同期观测GPS网结果的影响

为确保不同期观测GPS网平差结果的正确性,必须考虑观测粗差、基准位移以及不同期观测间系统偏差对参数结果的影响。通过附加尺度和方位的函数模型,将基准位移、系统偏差统一看成"观测粗差",通过抗差估计来控制其对参数的影响。最后通过固定基准的最小二乘、抗差最小二乘、自适应序贯平差和抗差自适应序贯平差计算了一实测GPS网,结果表明采用该方法能取得满意的效果。     

抗差估计在水准网平差中的应用

本文概据抗差估计理论，编制抗差估计ＩＧＧ法的计算程序并用于水准网粗差探测和平差计算。通过对高差观测值附加粗差制订不同的计算方案。分别用经典最小二乘估计与抗差估计两种方法对各个方案进行粗差探测和平差计算。     

稳健估计方法提高数据处理精度

介绍了近代平差理论的稳健估计方法,编制稳健估计方法的程序,并通过实例验证,与最小二乘估计进行比较,表明稳健估计在水准网粗差探测和平差计算中优于最小二乘估计方法,并且能够定位粗差,从而进行消除或者减弱,得到较为干净的观测值。因此,稳健估计方法应用于测量平差具有一定的抵抗粗差的能力,从而可以提高数据处理的精度。     

水准网平差中常用抗差估计方法的有效性研究

抗差估计方法是一种很好的抵抗粗差的方法。但是,不同的抗差估计方法具有不同的抗差特性。文章以三种不同网形、不同观测值数量和粗差数量、不同粗差数值的水准网为例,采用仿真实验的方法比较了观测值不等权或者服从广义高斯分布情况下常用13种抗差估计方法的抗差特性。研究结果表明,抗差特性更优的估计方法为L1法、Danish法、Geman-McClure法和IGGIII方案。     

Huber M估计在CPIII高程网平差中的抗差性分析

高铁CPIII高程网作为一种高精度水准网,其平差一般都是通过最小二乘法求取,然而因为最小二乘估计不具备抗粗差的能力,如果测量数据中存在粗差,则计算结果将会受到严重的影响。因此,引入基于Huber函数的M估计进行CPIII高程控制网的粗差探测,并通过给Huber法的调和系数赋予不同的值,来分析调和系数的改变对Huber法的影响。     

GNSS解算策略对平差与高程拟合精度的影响分析

以现代测绘基准建设的短基线GNSS网作为应用实例,研究比较采用对流层延迟估计与对流层延迟不估计两种短基线解算策略在GLOBK软件中的平差精度,并结合已有二等水准正常高,生成两套GNSS/水准点的成果,通过似大地水准面计算软件,利用地球重力场模型对两种策略下的平差结果进行模型拟合验证,以此评价其平差精度与拟合精度的影响.结果显示,采用对流层延迟不估计的基线解算策略的GLOBK平差精度更高,且其拟合效果更好.     

一种高精度GPS基线网抗差估计方法

介绍了高精度GPS网抗差估计的研究现状和一些相关抗差估计模型的优缺点,将标准化残差与中位数相结合,根据实际情况对IGG3的等价权函数进行改进,构造了一种综合抗差模型应用于高精度GPS基线网的抗差估计。给出了GPS网平差验后单位权方差检验的方法,基于C#语言编写了高精度GPS网抗差估计的程序,通过算例,说明了该抗差模型可以有效的减弱或消除观测粗差的影响,提高了数据处理质量。     

一种高精度GPS基线网平差及软件研制

针对高精度GPS基线向量网平差所涉及的理论技术问题,系统地论述了GPS基线向量网平差的流程,着重研究讨论了基线协方差、抗差估计、系统参数、基准模型等在GPS基线网平差中的应用,最后介绍了基于上述理论方法所编的高精度GPS基线向量网平差软件HPGPSADJ1.0,通过解算实例,与精密水准结果相比较,分析讨论软件解算精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。