卫星遥感影像的区域网平差成图精度

从卫星遥感影像区域网平差模型出发,利用卫星影像附带的RPC模型以及像面的3种变换模型建立了卫星遥感影像区域网平差的数学模型.按照所构建的数学模型,对某地区4景IKONOS影像进行直接空间前方交会处理,获得满足1:10万成图精度要求的加密点;利用该4景影像进行无地面控制点的区域网平差处理,获得满足1:2.5万成图精度要求的加密点;利用4角点位置的控制点进行区域网平差,获得满足1:1万的成图精度要求的加密点.试验证实,卫星影像的区域网平差技术在卫星遥感对地目标定位中有较好的应用前景.     

仅用虚拟控制点的超大区域无控制区域网平差

利用光学卫星影像进行无控制测图是摄影测量追求的目标。针对超大区域无控制测图的需求,本文提出了一种以单景影像为平差单元,基于虚拟控制点的光学卫星影像超大规模无控制区域网平差方法。该方法利用待平差影像的初始RPC模型生成虚拟控制点,并将其作为带权观测值引入平差模型中以改善平差模型的状态,克服了在无控制点条件下平差精度不稳定、误差过度累积引起的网的扭曲变形等问题。为了验证本方法的有效性和精度,利用资源三号卫星获取的覆盖全国的26 406景影像进行区域网平差试验,并利用全国范围内分布的约8000个高精度控制点对平差后自动生产的DOM和DSM产品的几何精度进行验证。试验结果表明,平面和高程中误差均达到了4m以内,同时,区域网内部相邻影像之间的几何拼接精度优于1个像素,满足无缝拼接的要求。     

缺少控制点的SPOT-5 HRS影像RPC模型区域网平差

从卫星遥感影像区域网平差的模型出发，利用SPOT-5影像附带的参数拟合RPC模型参数，根据RPC模型和像面的仿射变换模型建立了卫星遥感影像区域网平差的数学模型。按照所构建的数学模型。对两个地区SPOT-5HRS影像进行直接空间前方交会和缺少控制点的区域网平差处理。试验证明了本文模型的可行性。     

多源卫星遥感影像区域网联合平差技术

针对地理国情普查数字正射影像底图制作过程中数据源种类多、数据量大以及传统的单景正射纠正方法费时费力等问题,该文提出了多源卫星遥感影像区域网联合平差法,对大区域多景多源卫星影像进行正射纠正的方法。先利用各影像间的连接点进行自由网平差,建立一个稳固的网形;然后在自由网中均匀地添加少量地面控制点,对整个区域进行控制网平差。平差过程中利用仿射变换模型对RFM进行像方改正,以减小其系统误差。实践证明该方法可以获得较高的成图精度,满足地理国情普查底图DOM制作的精度要求,且能提高DOM的生产效率。     

基准网辅助的大区域卫星影像区域网平差技术

针对目前使用数字正射影像图(DOM)作为控制资料,纠正卫星影像,容易造成几何形变的误差传递的问题,该文提出了构建原始影像基准网,进行大区域卫星影像区域网平差的方法。该方法使用外业控制点作为地面控制资料,激光点云生产的数字高程模型(DEM)数据作为高程资料,利用区域网平差技术解算基准网影像的有理多项式系数(RPC)文件,配合DEM辅助弱连接点检测技术增强基准网的稳健性,而后利用高精度连接点匹配基准网解算同源待平差影像的RPC文件。该文使用该方法建立了基于39景高分二号影像的河南安阳、鹤壁地区的基准网,并对两景新增影像进行平差处理。结果表明,平面中误差为1.6m,达到1∶10 000数字正射影像生产的精度要求,相邻影像之间的几何拼接精度优于1个像素,满足了无缝拼接。     

本期导读

缺少控制点的SPOT-5 HRS影像RPC模型区域网平差(李德仁，等)从卫星遥感影像区域网平差的模型出发，利用SPOT-5影像附带的参数拟合RPC模型参数，根据RPC模型和像面的仿射变换模型建立了卫星遥感影像区域网平差的数学模型。按照所构建的数学模型，对两个地区的SPOT-5 HRS影像进行     

SRTM辅助下的RPC模型区域网平差

根据RPC模型和像方仿射变换模型,构建卫星遥感影像区域网平差的数学模型。按照所构建的数学模型,利用安平地区的同轨三景影像进行空间前方交会和SRTM辅助下RPC模型区域网平差处理。实验表明,在SRTM辅助下,采用RPC模型区域网平差可提高卫星立体定位精度。     

考虑多普勒参数的SAR影像距离——共面方程及其定位

通过对合成孔径雷达（SAR）影像成像几何机理的分析,以传感器位置和姿态作为定向参数,构建了考虑多普勒参数的SAR影像距离—共面方程及基于该方程的SAR影像空中三角测量模型。以登封地区99景0.5 m分辨率机载非0多普勒SAR影像为试验数据,进行了单片定向、无控制点的自由网平差、稀少控制点的区域网平差及带有自检校参数的区域网平差等系列试验。与R-D模型相比,本文模型减少了定向参数的数目,实现了SAR影像与POS数据的联合平差处理,建立的带有自检校参数的SAR影像区域网平差模型,对提高稀少或无地面控制点条件下未进行（或低精度）几何定标SAR影像的区域网平差精度起到了显著作用。较少控制点条件下模型满足了丘陵和山区1∶5000/1∶10000航摄测图对空中三角测量精度的要求。     

基于资源三号卫星影像的区域网平差控制点布设方案研究

以资源三号影像作为试验数据,以全野外像控点测量成果作为区域网平差的地面控制点和检查点,利用PixelGrid软件根据不同的控制点布设方案进行区域网平差,分析不同控制点布设方法对资源三号卫星影像平差精度的影响,探索出既能满足平差精度的要求,又能减少外业工作量的合理布点方案。     

基于GeoEye-1卫星影像的立体测图技术研究

以某试验区的GeoEye-1卫星遥感影像、外业控制资料等数据为基础进行影像区域网平差解算,对平差精度进行分析,并通过部分试验区外业调绘来分析GeoEye-1卫星遥感影像是否满足国家相应规范中1∶10 000、1∶5 000以及1∶2 000地形图修测要求,最终形成基于GeoEye-1卫星遥感影像的立体测图生产工艺流程。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。