新疆阿尔泰克因布拉克铜锌矿床地质特征及成矿作用

克因布拉克中型铜锌矿床赋存于早二叠世花岗岩外接触带的上志留统-下泥盆统康布铁堡组黑云石英片岩、变质石英砂岩中。矿床的形成经历了夕卡岩期、热液期和表生期,铜锌矿主要形成于热液期。矿石中石英和方解石流体包裹体划分为H_2O-NaCl型和H_2O-CO_2(±CH_4/N_2)-NaCl型。成矿温度变化于146～448℃,在170℃、270℃和350℃出现峰值;流体盐度变化于0.2%～46.9%NaCl_(eq),峰值为1.5%NaCl_(eq)和5.5%NaCl_(eq);流体的密度0.55～1.19g/cm~3。硫化物的δ~(34)S集中变化于-8.4‰～1.9‰,峰值为0‰,表明硫来自岩浆。石英和方解石δD_(SMOW)介于-130‰～-79‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)值介于8.0‰～11.6‰,δ~(18)O_(H2O)值为-1.7‰～4.43‰,表明成矿流体主要是岩浆水,混合大气降水。方解石中δ~(13)C_(PDB)变化于-5.3‰～-1.1‰,暗示碳来自花岗质岩浆。成矿时代为早中二叠世,成矿作用与花岗质岩浆期后的热液活动有关。     

内蒙古林西边家大院银多金属矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿物质来源探讨

边家大院银多金属矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带南段,是一个典型的热液脉型银多金属矿床。基于稳定同位素C、H、O、S和放射性Pb同位素的测试和分析,对边家大院银多金属矿床成矿流体及物质来源进行示踪。同位素测试结果表明:成矿流体中水的δD_(水-SMOW)值为-138.5‰~-111.7‰,δ~(18)O_(水-SMOW)值为-8.85‰~9.38‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合物。热液方解石δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-7.7‰~-2.67‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)为-0.41‰~6.03‰,表明热液矿物方解石是2个阶段成矿作用的产物,成矿早阶段流体与岩浆水特征相似,碳主要来源于岩浆,成矿晚阶段流体具有大气降水的特征。边家大院银多金属矿床矿石硫化物δ~(34)S值为0.76‰~4.4‰,显示银铅锌矿体的形成与岩浆作用密切相关,硫主要来自岩浆源。矿石样品~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值介于38.1~38.634,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值介于15.518~15.681,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb值介于18.155~18.284,表明成矿与岩浆作用关系密切,成矿流体中铅主要来自深源岩浆。成矿作用的发生是在一种总硫浓度比较低的平衡体系中进行的。边家大院银多金属矿床的成因类型属于火山-次火山热液脉状银多金属矿床。     

云南易门铜厂铜矿床C、O同位素组成及其地质意义

易门铜厂矿床是滇中易门铜矿带中的Cu品位较低的大型矿床,是矿带中的一种代表性矿床。矿区发育沉积-成岩型铜矿(铜厂式)和热液脉状铜矿(大尖山式)两种矿(化)体,成矿地质作用较特殊。本文系统分析两类矿体和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成。结果表明,铜厂式矿石中白云石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)=-3.7‰~1.4‰,平均值-0.1‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=19.7‰~21.7‰,平均值20.8‰,与赋矿碳酸盐地层(落雪组)中的白云石C、O同位素组成一致,均在正常海相沉积碳酸盐岩的范围,且受成岩期后作用的影响小,具有典型的沉积-成岩成因标志。尖山式矿体的脉石矿物方解石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)=-3.7‰~0.1‰(均值为-1.5‰),δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=11.9‰~17.0‰(均值为14.1‰),与沉积-成岩型矿体和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成明显不同,在δ~(13)C_(PDB)-δ~(18)O_(SMOW)图上集中于岩浆碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间的狭小范围内,指示其成矿流体与幔源或深部岩浆活动有关,为壳-幔混合流体。其中壳源组分可能主要由矿区碳酸盐地层提供,而幔源组分则可能与晋宁-澄江期基性岩浆活动过程中的去气作用有关。C、O同位素组成证据说明,铜厂矿区层状铜矿和脉状铜矿的成矿作用类型不同,成矿流体也不具同源性,是典型的沉积-成岩型+热液叠加型矿床。     

新疆准噶尔北缘玉勒肯哈腊苏铜(钼)矿床流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究

玉勒肯哈腊苏中型斑岩型铜(钼)矿主要赋存在闪长玢岩中,有少量矿化产在北塔山组火山岩及似斑状黑云母石英二长岩中。矿化呈细脉状、细脉-浸染状和浸染状。围岩蚀变主要为钾化、硅化、绢云母化、石膏化、磁铁矿化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化。矿床的形成经历了斑岩期、剪切变形期和表生期,铜和钼矿化主要形成于斑岩期的硫化物-钾硅酸盐阶段和辉钼矿阶段。石英和方解石中的流体包裹体可划分为H2O-NaCl型和H2O-CO2(±CH4/N2)-NaCl型。硫化物-钾硅酸盐阶段的成矿温度为141~500℃,主要集中在200~340℃;流体的w(NaCleq)为2.96%~14.97%;流体的密度为0.60~0.98 g/cm3。碳酸盐阶段的流体以中-低温度(140~320℃)和低盐度〔w(NaCleq)为2.74%~10.61%〕为特征。硫化物的δ34S值集中于-4.5‰~-0.1‰,峰值为-3.5‰,表明硫来自深源岩浆。石英和方解石的δ18OSMOW值为9.1‰~13.2‰,δ18OH2O值为2.05‰~6.28‰,δD值为-120‰~-97‰,表明主成矿阶段的成矿流体主要是岩浆水,混合有大气降水;碳酸盐阶段的流体主要为大气降水,混合有岩浆水。成矿时代为中泥盆世〔(373.9±2.2 Ma)〕,成矿作用与闪长玢岩的侵入有关。温度和压力的降低导致流体沸腾,同时,水-岩交换反应、流体成分的改变等在铜钼成矿过程中起着主导作用。     

川西南马头山铜金矿床地质和流体包裹体特征及成因

马头山铜金矿床位于康定一锦屏山矿集区,处于锦屏山断裂与康定一水城断裂的交汇部位,是川西南地区新发现的中型铜金矿床。矿体呈现为硫化物石英脉状,赋存于泥盆系泥质粉砂质板岩、碳酸盐化泥晶灰岩和二叠系变质玄武岩中,受断裂构造控制,矿石中硫化物矿物多见黄铁矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等。矿石中石英原生流体包裹体观测和激光拉曼光谱分析显示,马头山铜金成矿流体为H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系,均一温度108.1～439.1℃,盐度3.55%～22.78%NaCleq,密度0.51～1.12 g/cm~3,主成矿阶段流体包裹体具有中低温、中低盐度、低密度、富含CO_2的特征。矿石中硫化物矿物δ~(34)SV-CDT=-4.6‰～8.4‰,具有岩浆来源硫的特征,石英脉中原生流体包裹体的δD=-78.8‰～-48.7‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=-2.1‰～9.3‰,白云石的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-5.3‰～1.7‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=19.4‰～25.9‰,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水,并有地层流体和大气水加入。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体特征和S、C、O、H同位素证据,认为马头山铜金矿床为中低温-岩浆热液型铜金矿床。     

内蒙古赤峰双尖子山银多金属矿床成矿流体来源及金属沉淀机制探讨

双尖子山超大型银多金属矿床是大兴安岭成矿带最具代表性的热液型银矿床,也是目前亚洲最大银矿。该矿床热液作用可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两期,第Ⅰ期又可划分三个成矿阶段,依次为成矿阶段(Ⅰ-1)(主要为黄铁矿+方铅矿+闪锌矿+银矿物+石英组合,分布在北西走向矿脉)→成矿阶段(Ⅰ-2)(主要为方铅矿+银矿物+闪锌矿+石英+方解石组合,分布在北北东走向矿脉)→成矿阶段(Ⅰ-3)(含金石英+方解石脉组合,分布在近东西走向矿脉)。第Ⅱ期为胶结硫化物脉的无矿石英脉,主要是石英+少量方解石组合。该矿床流体包裹体以L型和V型为主,总体属于中低温-低盐度流体。成矿阶段(Ⅰ-1)流体包裹体均一温度介于171℃～280℃之间,平均228℃,盐度介于0.53%～12.73%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均3.48%(NaCl_(eqv));成矿阶段(Ⅰ-2)流体包裹体均一温度介于109.3℃～258.0℃之间,平均193.3℃,盐度介于0.18%～22.38%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均4.20%(NaCl_(eqv));第Ⅱ期热液流体包裹体均一温度介于238.7℃～362.9℃之间,平均275.9℃,盐度介于0.35%～2.24%(NaCl_(eqv))之间,平均1.05%(NaCl_(eqv))。方解石δ~(13)C介于-11‰～-7.4‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)介于1‰～4.5‰;石英和方解石δD_(H_2O)变化于-145‰～-65‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)变化于-12.5‰～4.6‰,表明流体为岩浆水和大气降水的混合来源;金属硫化物~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar值介于294.75～303.92,~3He/~4He值介于0.25～0.81Ra,显示壳源流体特征。双尖子山矿床成矿流体具有脉冲式活动、多阶段演化和多来源特点,成矿流体具有从相对的高温高盐度向低温低盐度演化规律。岩浆水与循环大气降水的混合作用可能是本矿床金属沉淀的主要机制。双尖子山矿床属于与壳源岩浆活动有关的中浅成-中低温热液型银多金属矿床。     

新疆东天山红石金矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源示踪

红石金矿床是新疆东天山康古尔塔格金矿带中的代表性矿床之一,本文对其进行了比较系统的流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究。流体包裹体研究结果表明,红石金矿床的成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、中低密度的富 CO_2流体。石英氢同位素组成δD_(SMOW)为-104‰～-63‰,石英氧同位素组成δ~(18)O_(石英)为13.8‰～15.5‰、δ~(18)O_水为-1.7‰～6.1‰。方解石碳同位素组成δ~(13)C_(PDB)为-3.5‰～-2.7‰,方解石氧同位素组成δ~(18)_(PDB)为-28.9‰～-26.5‰、δ~(18)O_(SMOW)为1.1‰～3.5‰。H、O、C 同位素组成特征指示红石金矿床成矿流体主要起源于深部,后期混合有大气水。黄铁矿硫同位素组成δ~(34)S 为-11.5‰～3.8‰,集中于0.4‰～3.8‰,平均值为1.73‰,指示了成矿物质中的硫具有接近陨石硫的深源特征。红石金矿床的成矿作用可概括为富含成矿元素的深源流体在区域剪切构造作用下沿剪切系统不断向上运移,逐渐与浅部流体混合并与围岩发生交代蚀变作用,由于物理化学条件的改变,成矿元素最终在剪切扩容空间中富集成矿。     

滇西维西县铜厂箐铜矿床C-O-H同位素特征及其成因探讨

滇西维西县铜厂箐铜矿床赋存于中侏罗统花开佐组二段粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩夹泥灰岩中,受断裂构造控制呈脉状产出。本次通过研究与该矿床铜矿化关系密切的石英及方解石C-H-O同位素组成特征,揭示其成矿流体来源,进而探讨该矿床成因。研究发现,该矿床中主成矿阶段与铜矿共生的方解石样品的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值变化于-6.93‰～-6.16‰,均值为-6.69‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值变化于10.88‰～13.07‰,均值为11.98‰;与铜矿共生的石英样品的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值变化于14.22‰～16.88‰,均值为15.93‰,δD_(V-SMOW)值介于-87.0‰～-61.7‰,均值为-75.99‰,表明成矿流体主要源自岩浆水。结合区域地质背景,认为在喜马拉雅期印度-欧亚大陆碰撞背景下,由于澜沧江深大断裂和雪龙山断裂长期活动,伴有深部岩浆含矿热液沿构造裂隙充填,形成铜厂箐脉状铜矿床。     

新疆阿尔泰小土尔根铜矿流体包裹体和H-O、Cu同位素特征及其成因探讨

小土尔根铜矿位于新疆阿尔泰地区诺尔特Au-Pb-Zn(-W-Mo)成矿带北部,成矿条件有利。在详细的野外考察基础上,作者系统分析了矿区的流体包裹体类型、流体成分,结合H-O、Cu同位素地球化学研究,对其成矿流体特征及来源、成矿物质来源和矿床成因进行了探讨。该矿流体包裹体类型比较简单,主要为气液两相包裹体,少量纯液相包裹体,偶见含子晶包裹体。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,成矿流体为H_2O-Na Cl-CO_2-CH_4体系。成矿流体温度介于188~421℃,盐度介于0.71%~15.53%Na Cl_(eqv),主要集中于8.0%~12.0%Na Cl_(eqv),为中?高温、中?低盐度成矿流体。H、O同位素(δD_(SMOW)值介于-72‰~-122‰,δ~(18)O_(fluid)值介于3.7‰~8.1‰)指示,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,随着成矿作用的进行,大气降水混入的比例略有增大。黄铜矿的δ~(65)Cu值介于-0.12‰~0.93‰,落入花岗岩δ~(65)Cu值分布范围,且分馏特征与花岗岩相似,说明成矿元素Cu来自花岗岩岩浆。结合前人成果,作者认为小土尔根铜矿应为诺尔特地区首例还原性斑岩铜矿床。     

湘西花垣地区铅锌矿床C、H、O同位素特征及其对成矿流体来源的指示

湘西花垣地区铅锌矿床是铅锌矿资源储量超过千万吨的世界级超大型矿床之一。对该矿床主矿化期的方解石和闪锌矿进行了系统的C、H、O同位素研究。分析结果显示,花垣地区铅锌矿床主成矿期方解石样品的δ~(13)C_(PDB)值范围为-2.71‰~1.21‰,δ~(18)OSMOW值范围为16.09‰~22.48‰,团结、李梅、土地坪、蜂塘和大石沟各铅锌矿床中主成矿期方解石的13C、18O同位素依次表现出逐渐降低的特征,在δ~(18)O_(SMOW)-δ~(13)C_(PDB)图上主要介于原生碳酸盐岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间,该地区铅锌矿床成矿流体中的碳主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用。花垣矿区围岩的δ~(13)C_(PDB)值范围为0.15‰~1.17‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)值范围为19.79‰~23.89‰,指示沉积成因海相碳酸盐岩的特征。方解石和闪锌矿样品中流体的δD_(SMOW)变化于-91.1‰~-15‰之间,δ18Ofluid变化范围为-4.1‰~9.25‰,在矿区范围内流体的迁移方向是由北向南,δ~(18)O_(fluid)-δD_(SMOW)图显示,矿床成矿流体的主要来源是建造水和大气降水。成矿流体与围岩间的水-岩反应是导致湘西花垣地区铅锌矿床中方解石和闪锌矿矿物发生沉淀的主要机制。     

新疆萨喀尔得铜矿C-H-O-S同位素特征

新疆萨喀尔得铜矿属中低温热液型,该矿石英和方解石样品中^δ13CPDB值为-17．3‰— -0．7％,δ^18OSMOW为16．2‰-22．4‰ δ18OH2O 水值为6.9‰-12.5‰水值为6．9‰-12．5‰,8D变化于-73．8‰—-52．4‰之间。研究表明,成矿流体主要来源于深部发生循环加热的建造水,并混合变质水和岩浆水;成矿早期流体中的C主要来源于地层水或大气降水,晚期有深部岩浆水的加入。^δ^34S值变化范围为0．2‰-6．1％o,表明流体中的S主要来自岩浆或上地幔。     

Geology, Geochemistry, and Genesis of the Tongcun Reduced Porphyry Mo (Cu) Deposit, NW Zhejiang Province, China

The Tongcun Mo(Cu) deposit in Kaihua city of Zhejiang Province,eastern China,occurs in and adjacent to the Songjiazhuang granodiorite porphyry and is a medium-sized and important porphyry type ore deposit.Two irregular Mo(Cu) orebodies consist of various types of hydrothermal veinlets.Intensive hydrothermal alteration contains skarnization,chloritization,carbonatization,silicification and sericitization.Based on mineral assemblages and crosscutting relationships,the oreforming processes are divided into five stages,i.e.,the early stage of garnet + epidote ± chlorite associated with skarnization and K-feldspar + quartz ± molybdenite veins associated with potassicsilicic alteration,the quartz-sulfides stage of quartz + molybdenite ± chalcopyrite ± pyrite veins,the carbonatization stage of calcite veinlets or stockworks,the sericite + chalcopyrite ± pyrite stage,and the late calcite + quartz stage.Only the quartz-bearing samples in the early stage and in the quartzsulfides stage are suitable for fluid inclusions(FIs) study.Four types of FIs were observed,including1) CO_2-CH_4 single phase FIs,2) CO_2-bearing two- or three-phase FIs,3) Aqueous two-phase FIs,and4) Aqueous single phase FIs.FIs of the early stages are predominantly CO_2- and CH_4-rich FIs of the CO_2-CH4-H_2O-NaCl system,whereas minerals in the quartz-sulfides stage contain CO_2-rich FIs of the CO_2-H_2O-NaCl system and liquid-rich FIs of the H_2O-NaCl system.For the CO_2-CH_4 single phase FIs of the early mineralization stage,the homogenization temperatures of the CO_2 phase range from 15.4 ℃ to 25.3 ℃(to liquid),and the fluid density varies from 0.7 g/cm~3 to 0.8 g/cm~3;for two- or three-phase FIs of the CO_2-CH_4-H_2O-NaCl system,the homogenization temperatures,salinities and densities range from 312℃ to 412℃,7.7 wt%NaCl eqv.to 10.9 wt%NaCl eqv.,and 0.9 g/cm~3 to 1.0 g/cm~3,respectively.For CO_2-H_2O-NaCI two- or threephase FIs of the quartz-sulfides stage,the homogenization temperatures and salinities range from255℃ to 418℃,4.8 wt%NaCl eqv.to 12.4 wt%NaCl eqv.,respectively;for H_2O-NaCl two-phase FIs,the homogenization temperatures range from 230 ℃ to 368 ℃,salinities from 11.7 wt%NaCl eqv.to16.9 wt%NaCl eqv.,and densities from 0.7 g/cm~3 to 1.0 g/cm~3.Microthermometric measurements and Laser Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that CO_2 and CH_4 contents and reducibility(indicated by the presence of CH_4) of the fluid inclusions trapped in quartz-sulfides stage minerals are lower than those in the early stage.Twelve molybdenite separates yield a Re-Os isochron age of 163 ± 2.4 Ma,which is consistent with the emplacement age of the Tongcun,Songjiazhuang,Dayutang and Huangbaikeng granodiorite porphyries.The S18OSMow values of fluids calculated from quartz of the quartz-sulfides stage range from 5.6‰ to 8.6‰,and the JDSMOw values of fluid inclusions in quartz of this stage range from-71.8‰ to-88.9‰,indicating a primary magmatic fluid source.534SV-cdt values of sulfides range from+1.6‰ to +3.8‰,which indicate that the sulfur in the ores was sourced from magmatic origins.Phase separation is inferred to have occurred from the early stage to the quartz-sulfides stage and resulted in ore mineral precipitation.The characteristics of alteration and mineralization,fluid inclusion,sulfur and hydrogen-oxygen isotope data,and molybdenite Re-Os ages all suggest that the Tongcun Mo(Cu) deposit is likely to be a reduced porphyry Mo(Cu) deposit associated with the granodiorite porphyry in the Tongcun area.     

鲁西平邑地区磨坊沟金矿床的流体包裹体研究

选择鲁西平邑磨坊沟和梨方沟两个矿区的矿化蚀变样品,对保存于石英、方解石和萤石中的原生包裹体及氢、氧稳定同位素进行了详细的研究。研究表明,二个矿区的包裹体大小、形态相似,类型一致,均为气液两相盐水包裹体。包裹体的均一温度变化范围较宽,在120～450℃之间均有分布,但主要集中于120～260℃的范围内,可进一步分为110～150℃和170～250℃两个区间。结合显微镜下观测的载金矿物的特点,推测金矿的形成温度区间在170～250℃之间。冰点变化范围较大,在-2 8～-11 5℃之间,对应的盐度在4 65%～15 47%之间。矿体及围岩黄铁矿的δ34S值介于-0 71‰～+2 99‰之间,方解石和石英的δDSMOW值为-63‰～-70‰,δ18OSMOW值为+18 4‰～+22 2‰。以上数据表明流体来源于地幔,成矿过程中与建造水发生了混合。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Ore-forming Fluids of the Mayuan Pb-Zn Deposit, Nanzheng, Shaanxi, China

The Mayuan stratabound Pb-Zn deposit in Nanzheng,Shaanxi Province,is located in the northern margin of the Yangtze Plate,in the southern margin of the Beiba Arch.The orebodies are stratiform and hosted in breciated dolostone of the Sinian Dengying Formation.The ore minerals are primarily sphalerite and galena,and the gangue minerals comprise of dolomite,quartz,barite,calcite and solid bitumen.Fluid inclusions from ore-stage quartz and calcite have homogenization tempreatures from 98 to 337℃ and salinities from 7.7 wt%to 22.2 wt%(NaCl equiv.).The vapor phase of the inclusions is mainly composed of CH_4 with minor CO_2 and H_2S.The δD_(fluid) values of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite display a range from-68‰ to-113‰(SMOW),and the δ~(18)O_(fluid)values calculated from δ~(18)O_(quartz) and δ~(18)O_(calcite) values range from 4.5‰ to 16.7‰(SMOW).These data suggest that the ore-forming fluids may have been derived from evaporitic sea water that had reacted with organic matter.The δ~(13)C_(CH4) values of CH_4 in fluid inclusions range from-37.2‰ to-21.0‰(PDB),suggesting that the CH_4 in the ore-forming fluids was mainly derived from organic matter.This,together with the abundance of solid bitumen in the ores,suggest that organic matter played an important role in mineralization,and that the thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR) was the main mechanism of sulfide precipitation.The Mayuan Pb-Zn deposit is a carbonate-hosted epigenetic deposit that may be classified as a Mississippi Valley type(MVT) deposit.     

中亚构造域多期叠加斑岩铜矿化:以阿尔泰东南缘哈腊苏铜矿床地质、地球化学和成岩成矿时代研究为例

新疆青河县新近发现哈腊苏铜矿床,正在进行的勘探证实具有大型铜储量前景。它位于阿尔泰东南缘,靠近额尔齐斯构造变形带。这个区域经历了古生代中期的洋-陆俯冲、古生代晚期的陆-陆碰撞以及其后的陆内活化等地质过程。铜成矿与哪种地质地质过程有关受人关注,矿床成因也存在斑岩型、热液脉型和火山岩型等不同认识。哈腊苏铜矿区主要出露中泥盆统基性火山岩(含苦橄岩)及侵入其中的不同时期含铜蚀变斑岩体,包括花岗闪长斑岩、斑状花岗岩、石英二长斑岩和石英闪长斑岩等,斑岩SiO_2质量分数为57.24%～65.45%,其中花岗闪长斑岩δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=7.9‰～8.6‰,ε_(Nd)(t)=7.3～8.5(接近于MORB值),(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_t=0.70383～0.70410(接近原始地幔值),暗示岩浆起源于地幔或下地壳。矿区含铜蚀变斑岩全岩矿化(Cu 0.2%),矿体(Cu 0.3%以上)呈透镜状和不规则分枝脉状,产状与斑岩体相仿,95%以上矿体产于斑岩体内。围岩蚀变从矿体到斑岩再到基性火山岩围岩,发育钾长石黑云母化、黑云母绿泥石化、青磐岩化的分带,后期脉状线型钾长石化叠加于早期面状弥散型钾硅酸盐蚀变之上。没有次生硫化物富集现象,原生铜矿石出现细脉浸染型和脉状叠加型两种自然类型,前者以"黄铁矿+黄铜矿+辉钼矿"为典型金属矿物组合,后者呈在前者背景上的"石英+黄铁矿+黄铜矿"脉状叠加矿化。相对于前者,后者Cu、Au品位明显偏高(分别达到Cu 2.21%、Au 0.83 g/t)、微量和稀土元素总量降低,微量元素蛛网图和REE配分曲线更为平缓,Eu正异常更加显著。基性火山喷发、幔源岩浆侵入和多期矿化叠加是哈腊苏铜成矿的关键,早期斑岩型铜成矿基础上的后期构造热液矿化叠加显著。细脉浸染型铜矿石中共生黄铁矿-黄铜矿的硫同位素温度计指示斑岩型铜成矿温度为420～560℃。铜矿石硫化物δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)主体范围为-1‰～-4‰,矿石硫源自幔源斑岩体(有地层硫酸盐还原硫少量混入);黄铁矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.052～18.461,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.501～15.606,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.813～39.335,与矿床所在区域喀拉通克岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物接近,成矿金属主体来自幔源斑岩;脉状矿化叠加型铜矿石中含铜硫化物石英脉晶出母液(δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=6.4‰～10.2‰,δD_(V-SMOW)=-89‰～-80‰)具有岩浆水的O、H同位素组成特点。通过成岩、成矿和热液蚀变的年代学研究获得:(1)含铜蚀变的斑状花岗岩(381.6±2.5)Ma和花岗闪长斑岩(371.8±9.6)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄、细脉浸染型铜矿石中辉钼矿(376.9±2.2)Ma的Re-Os等时线年龄,是洋-陆俯冲期斑岩成岩成矿的年龄记录;(2)含铜蚀变石英二长斑岩(265.6±3.7)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄和脉状叠加型铜矿石中钾长石(269.2±3.2)Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,是陆-陆碰撞晚期斑岩铜矿化蚀变的年龄记录;(3)含铜蚀变石英闪长斑岩(215.8±4.6)Ma的U-Pb谐和年龄和脉状叠加型铜矿石中钾长石(198.2±2.3)～(206.4±2.7)Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,是陆内构造岩浆活化期的年龄记录。多期构造-岩浆-热液矿化叠加作用是哈腊苏铜成矿的显著特征。该研究为认识中亚构造域斑岩铜矿床的多期叠加成矿作用特征积累了新资料。     

甘肃省文县阳山金矿床流体包裹体的地球化学特征

甘肃省文县阳山金矿床是近年来在陕甘川交界地带发现的一个产于泥盆系浅变质岩系的特大型金矿床。流体包裹体的系统分析结果表明:(1)镜下石英和方解石中流体包裹体的类型丰富多样。据室温状态下流体包裹体的相态、加热状态下流体包裹体的性状及产出特征,鉴别出2种成因类型及7种物理状态类型;(2)流体包裹体显微测温结果显示本区的均一温度在105～310℃之间,主要集中在260～310℃、220～240℃、150～190℃3个区间,成矿流体组分体系接近于NaCl H2O CO2体系,成矿流体密度估计在0 35～1 02g/cm3之间,成矿压力估计在400×105～800×105Pa之间,流体包裹体盐度估计在2 5%～10 4%NaCl之间;(3)从流体包裹体成分分析获得的pH值为6 91～7 1,还原参数n(CH4+CO+H2)/n(CO2)的摩尔数比值在0 009～0 050之间,表明具有浅成中偏碱性和弱还原环境成矿的特点;(4)石英中流体包裹体的δDSMOW值为-92 4‰～-62 9‰,δ18O石英SMOW值在-3 09‰～+0 41‰之间,δ18OH2OSMOW值在-12 13‰～-8 48‰之间。综合分析认为成矿可能主要与低温热液作用有关。     

冈底斯西段鲁尔玛斑岩型铜(金)矿成矿流体性质及演化

目前冈底斯成矿带报道的斑岩型矿床主要集中在东段,而鲁尔玛斑岩型铜(金)矿为冈底斯成矿带西段新发现的铜矿,具有钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩等明显的斑岩型矿床蚀变特征.其热液脉体从早到晚化分为:钾硅酸盐化脉(A脉)、石英-金属硫化物脉(B脉)以及石英-绿帘石-碳酸盐化脉(D脉).对各阶段热液脉体的的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、显微激光拉曼和H-O-C同位素等分析.发现A脉石英中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在390~460℃,盐度介于4.5%~21.6%NaCleqv和43.6%~59.6%NaCleqv两个区间;B脉石英中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在310~380℃,盐度介于3.6%~19.8%NaCleqv和6.0%~16.0%NaCleqv两个区间;D脉石英和方解石中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在200~320℃,盐度集中在0.4%~14.7%NaCleqv.拉曼分析表明,鲁尔玛铜(金)矿的流体包裹体含CO2、N2、CH4等气体及石盐子晶和多种金属硫化物和金属氧化物子晶.各热液脉体石英中流体包裹体的δDH2O,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-128‰^-110‰,δ18OH2O,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-9.09‰^-1.45‰,方解石的δ13CCal,V-PDB值的变化范围为-20.8‰^-19.8‰,δ18OCal,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-5.9‰^-4.9‰,展现出岩浆热液的特征,晚期还有大气降水的加入.研究结果显示,成矿流体属高温、高盐度、含CO2、N2、CH4等气体和Cu、Fe、Mo等金属元素的Ca+-Na+-Cl-H2O体系流体,具有典型的斑岩型铜矿床成矿流体的特征.成矿流体从深部封闭体系运移到浅部的开放体系,温压环境突变导致金属硫化物沉淀,形成A脉和B脉型矿化.随着成矿物质的大量析出,同时伴随着大气降水等因素的影响,流体温度、盐度迅速降低,产生D脉型矿化.     

新疆阿合奇县布隆金矿床成矿流体及成矿作用

新疆阿合奇县布隆石英重晶石脉型金矿床是一个少见的金矿新类型 ,其中流体包裹体类型主要有NaCl H2 O型、CO2 H2 O±CH4型和CO2 H2 O NaCl型。均一温度变化范围大 ,从 1 5 9～ 390℃ ,金主成矿阶段温度集中于 2 0 0～ 340℃ ,流体盐度为 2 .4 2 %～ 1 9.2 9%NaCleq ,但各阶段含石盐子晶多相包裹体的盐度高达 2 9.0 2 %～ 4 6 .2 %NaCleq。成矿流体密度为 0 .731～ 1 .1 32g/cm3 。成矿流体气相成分中以H2 O和CO2 为主 ,含少量N2 ,CH4,C2 H6,H2 S等 ;液相成分以Na+ 、Cl-为主 ,其次是Ca2 + ,K+ ,Mg2 + ,SO2 -4。布隆金矿床石英中流体包裹体的δ1 3 CPDB值为 - 4 .6‰～ - 1 .4‰ ,δ1 8OSMOW 为 1 7.2‰～2 1 .1‰ ,δ1 8O水 值为 6 .7‰～ 1 4 .7‰ ,δD变化于 - 70‰～ - 5 5‰ ,表明成矿流体主要来源于建造水 ,并混合少量岩浆水和大气降水 ,流体中的碳主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩。物理化学条件和流体组成的改变以及流体的不混溶作用在成矿过程中起了重要作用     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, Sulfur Isotopes of Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo Deposit in the Southern Gangdese,Tibet

The Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo deposit is located in the southern subzone of the Cenozoic Gangdese Cu‐Mo metallogenic belt. The intrusive rocks exposed in the Nuri ore district consist of quartz diorite, granodiorite, monzogranite, granite porphyry, quartz diorite porphyrite and granodiorite porphyry, all of which intrude in the Cretaceous strata of the Bima Group. Owing to the intense metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration, carbonate rocks of the Bima Group form stratiform skarn and hornfels. The mineralization at the Nuri deposit is dominated by skarn, quartz vein and porphyry type. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, scheelite, bornite and tetrahedrite, etc. The oxidized orebodies contain malachite and covellite on the surface. The mineralization of the Nuri deposit is divided into skarn stage, retrograde stage, oxide stage, quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage and quartz‐carbonate stage. Detailed petrographic observation on the fluid inclusions in garnet, scheelite and quartz from the different stages shows that there are four types of primary fluid inclusions: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂‐rich inclusions and single‐phase inclusions. The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions are 280°C–386°C (skarn stage), 200°C–340°C (oxide stage), 140°C–375°C (quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage) and 160°C–280°C (quartz‐carbonate stage), showing a temperature decreasing trend from the skarn stage to the quartz‐carbonate stage. The salinity of the corresponding stages are 2.9%–49.7 wt% (NaCl) equiv., 2.1%–7.2 wt% (NaCl) equiv._, 2.6%–55.8 wt% (NaCl) equiv. and 1.2%–15.3 wt% (NaCl) equiv., respectively. The analyses of CO₂‐rich inclusions suggest that the ore‐forming pressures are 22.1 M Pa–50.4 M Pa, corresponding to the depth of 0.9 km–2.2 km. The Laser Raman spectrum of the inclusions shows the fluid compositions are dominated in H₂O, with some CO₂ and very little CH₄, N₂, etc. δD values of garnet are between ?114.4‰ and ?108.7‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between 5.9‰ and 6.7‰; δD of scheelite range from ?103.2‰ to ?101.29‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O values between 2.17‰ and 4.09‰; δD of quartz between ?110.2‰ and ?92.5‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between ?3.5‰ and 4.3‰. The results indicate that the fluid came from a deep magmatic hydrothermal system, and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the migration of original fluid. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides, concentrated in a rage between ?0.32‰ to 2.5‰, show that the sulfur has a homogeneous source with characteristics of magmatic sulfur. The characters of fluid inclusions, combined with hydrogen‐oxygen and sulfur isotopes data, show that the ore‐forming fluids of the Nuri deposit formed by a relatively high temperature, high salinity fluid originated from magma, which mixed with low temperature, low salinity meteoric water during the evolution. The fluid flow through wall carbonate rocks resulted in the formation of layered skarn and generated CO₂ or other gases. During the reaction, the ore‐forming fluid boiled and produced fractures when the pressure exceeded the overburden pressure. Themeteoric water mixed with the ore‐forming fluid along the fractures. The boiling changed the pressure and temperature, oxygen fugacity, physical and chemical conditions of the whole mineralization system. The escape of CO₂ from the fluid by boiling resulted in scheelite precipitation. The fluid mixing and boiling reduced the solubility of metal sulfides and led the precipitation of chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite and other sulfide.     

新疆东天山地区白山钼矿床的成因分析

白山钼矿床位于东天山觉罗塔格构造带的东部,赋矿围岩为下石炭统干墩组的黑云母长英质角岩,矿化石英网脉发育.文章测得含矿石英脉中的石英流体包裹体δ18OSMOW值为9.1%O～10.0‰,平均9.425‰,与石英相平衡的水δ18OH2O值为3.357‰～4.257‰,平均为3.682‰;δDSMOW值为-105‰～- 69%,平均-89.25‰.氢氧同位素组成显示白山钼矿床的成矿流体是岩浆水与发生了水-岩作用的大气降水的混合热液,含矿流体以岩浆水为主,演化大气降水的加入是成矿物质沉淀的重要因素.测得辉钼矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为(227.7±4.3)Ma(MSWD=0.32),指示白山钼矿床形成于中三叠世.矿床地质特征和地球化学特征指示白山钼矿床是斑岩型矿床,推测成矿物质主要来自于矿体下部的矿化花岗(斑)岩体.此外,作者还探讨了白山钼矿床的成矿背景,认为矿床形成于挤压的构造环境,是受到同时代古特提斯洋闭合的陆内远程效应影响而产生的成岩成矿作用.