油气化探异常的稳定性及油气地质意义

油气化探利用地球化学方法寻找油气,具有直接、快速、有效、成本低的特点,已在油气勘探实践中取得了较好的效果,并在一定时期得到了较为广泛的应用。但油气化探作为一门新兴学科,在许多方面仍存在不足,其中异常的稳定性与重现性是制约油气化探推广应用的认识障碍。以河南泌阳洼陷（井楼-古城油田）和山东临邑洼陷南斜坡（临南油田）的实际地球化学测量资料为基础,通过已知油气藏上方不同期次（同年）、不同时期的油气化探异常特征的对比,从油气化探指标组合关系、结构特征、剖面显示、油气异常的平面分布等方面证实油气化探异常存在较好的稳定性,表明利用油气化探技术方法寻找油气是可行的,并进一步证实了油气化探在油气勘探中的应用前景。     

阳信洼陷火成岩对形成地面化探异常的影响

探讨了阳信洼陷内火成岩岩石中烃组份的高含量 ,引起高背景值而产生油气化探干扰异常特征的判断方法 ,即利用烃类在高温裂解后能形成土壤稀烃富集而引起高背景值的判断方法 ,同时采用分区块统计背景值 ,确定异常下限 ,以消除干扰异常 ,达到客观地反映深部油气藏有关的化探异常     

阳信洼陷火成岩对形成地面化探异常的影响

研究阳信洼陷内火成岩岩石中烃组份的高含量，引起高背景值而产生油气化探干扰异常特征。探讨了其判断方法，即利用烃类在高温裂解后能形成土壤稀烃富集而引起高背景值的判断方法，同时采用分区块统计背景值，确定异常下限，以消除干扰异常，达到客观地反映深部油气藏有关的化探异常。     

渤海湾盆地油气综合化探异常模式研究

在研究黄河三角洲淤积平原的覆盖厚层的地表景观条件下，油气藏扩散、运移规律及形成油气综合化探异常特征的基础上，建立了断块、潜山、岩性油气藏化探异常模式。经四年多生产实践，在临清坳陷、阳信洼陷区打出了工业油、气流和油气显示地段，表明在渤海湾盆地黄河三角洲地区厚层覆盖条件下油气综合化探工作是行之有效的。     

珠一坳陷小型洼陷文昌组烃源岩发育模式与主控因素

小型洼陷烃源岩的形成条件区别于大型洼陷,近年逐渐得到勘探重视。以珠一坳陷小型洼陷始新统文昌组烃源岩为研究对象,利用地球化学资料,结合洼陷构造演化与沉积背景,分析总结其烃源岩的发育模式和主控因素。珠一坳陷小型洼陷文昌组烃源岩形成于温暖潮湿的淡水湖盆,沉积模式包括洼陷带单源型和边缘带陆源贡献型两种:前者烃源岩有机质来源单一,基本为水生生物,陆源高等植物贡献较少;后者有机质来源除水生生物外,存在明显的陆源有机质的贡献;前者烃源岩品质优于后者。小型洼陷对沉积物供给敏感、易过补偿,高沉降速率及低沉积物供给是保障烃源岩发育环境的关键,较一般大型盆地要求更严苛。欠补偿、富营养水体形成的高生产力控制小型洼陷优质烃源岩发育的规模。小型洼陷湖盆烃源岩的发育环境不具备空间优势,烃源岩品质相对于规模更重要,以洼陷带单源型为优势的洼陷易成为富烃洼陷。     

论建立富油洼陷概念的理论意义与实践意义

洼陷是凹陷中的次一级负向单元,是沉降中心,沉积中心,生烃中心,运聚中心。该文主要根据资源丰度将其成分五级,初步明确了洼陷的贫富标准,并对洼陷的类型及成因进行了分析。不同洼陷,就是同一成因类型的洼陷也存在着一定的甚至是巨大的贫富差异,文章强调,只有富油洼陷及次富洼陷才具备形成大、中型油气田（藏）的资料条件。渤海湾盆地复杂的演变过程,决定了凹陷具有多洼多类的发育特点,洼陷油源层的发育及不同的组合方式决     

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷牛庄洼陷岩性油气藏平面富集主控因素

随着油气勘探程度的加深,岩性油气藏的重要性日益显现,而查明油气富集规律是岩性油气藏勘探的关键。渤海湾盆地东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段发育大量岩性油气藏,文章以此为研究目标,着重分析其平面上油气分布的主要控制因素。研究结果表明,牛庄洼陷岩性油气藏的分布受控于洼陷内流体性质、断层作用和沉积相展布3种地质因素。它们对洼陷区岩性油气藏富集规律的影响分别在于：洼陷内流体运聚单元控制着油气在平面上的富集区,牛庄洼陷南北两侧汇聚流发育区是油气聚集的有利地带,而洼陷北部平行流和东西两侧发散流发育区不利于油气成藏;同生断层泵吸作用使得油气在牛庄洼陷平行流和发散流发育区可形成局部汇聚流,从而聚集成藏,断层的侧向遮挡作用则使得牛庄洼陷生成的油气多富集在靠近边界断层的洼陷内侧;物性较好的浊积水道微相最有利于油气的富集,朵叶体和水道间次之,外缘最差。     

我国早期油气化探的实践及经验

本文所指早期油气化探是1654～1964年间我国进行油气化探的总称。1964年以后油气化探处于低潮。目前,又开始了第二个油气化探高潮,为此,我们总结早期化探的经验教训,供当今油气化探工作参考。文中较详细地介绍了我国早期油气化探的经历及发展道路。文中阐述了油气化探的实践经验,指出油气化探的理论基础经实践证明是正确的,也为人们所接受。早期油气化探在我国许多含油气盆地都获得较好的效果;热解生油理论与化探相结合将促进油气化探的深入发展;油气运移理论对判断地表油气异常的形成有重要影响;综合解释化探资料可消除直观法解释的弊病等等。最后提出油气化探的教训和应该改进的问题。希望得到一些有益的收获,作为后来参加油气化探工作的同志们参考。     

松辽盆地南部油气化探方法技术研究

通过对松辽盆地南部近 2 0年化探资料的综合研究 ,概述了该区的油气微渗漏与化探异常成因、地表化探主要影响因素、化探方法指标有效性、异常信息提取技术及化探异常模式 ,总结出适合于该区的有效油气化探方法系列以及一套干扰因素的排除、异常信息提取及化探异常解释评价技术。     

车镇凹陷车3潜山成藏条件分析

利用车３井、车古２０井钻探资料,结合高精度航磁重力加密测量、地面化探和放射性测量,以及三维地震叠前深度偏移解释,研究了车镇凹陷车３潜山成藏条件,认为该潜山是埕南大断层下降盘二台阶上的断块残丘山,油源来自车西和大王两大新生代生油洼陷,油源条件好,储集空间为裂缝和溶孔两种类型,盖层为石炭－二叠系。由于该潜山的特殊构造位置和潜山地层组合上的三层结构,形成了独特的潜山内幕块状油气藏。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)