富水采空区瞬变电磁拟地震探测实验研究

为了准确分析煤矿富水采空区的分布与影响范围,在对古书院煤矿富水采空区进行瞬变电磁探测的基础上,设计了基于波场变换的瞬变电磁拟地震数据处理实验方案,并同传统瞬变电磁数据处理方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,在拟地震断面图中,富水采空区边界与所圈定的电性界面存在显著的对应关系,同传统瞬变电磁数据处理方法相比,基于波场变换的拟地震数据处理方法能够更有效地分辨富水采空区的分布及边界范围,克服体积效应带来的不利影响,提高了纵向分辨率,为采空区水害防治提供依据。     

煤矿老窑采空区地—井TEM响应特征

瞬变电磁法在我国广泛应用于煤田水文地质勘探和采空区调查,但由于方法本身的特点,地面装置纵向分辨率低,无法实现采空区精细探测。在山西某煤矿采空区探查项目中,通过岩心、测井曲线,结合以往电法勘探经验,建立了简单的煤系地层采空区模型,数值模拟了均匀半空间采空区含水、不含水时的地面瞬变电磁响应和三维水平薄板的地—井瞬变电磁响应,并结合实际案例探讨了采空区的地面、地—井瞬变电磁特征,证实了地—井瞬变电磁法具有较高的纵向分辨率,为采空区精细探查提供了思路。     

煤矿老窑采空区地—井TEM响应特征

瞬变电磁法在我国广泛应用于煤田水文地质勘探和采空区调查,但由于方法本身的特点,地面装置纵向分辨率低,无法实现采空区精细探测。在山西某煤矿采空区探查项目中,通过岩心、测井曲线,结合以往电法勘探经验,建立了简单的煤系地层采空区模型,数值模拟了均匀半空间采空区含水、不含水时的地面瞬变电磁响应和三维水平薄板的地—井瞬变电磁响应,并结合实际案例探讨了采空区的地面、地—井瞬变电磁特征,证实了地—井瞬变电磁法具有较高的纵向分辨率,为采空区精细探查提供了思路。     

综合勘探技术在采空区探测中的应用

以某整合矿井为例,提出了地面与井下物探相结合方法,即:首先通过三维地震勘探圈定采空区分布,在此基础上选择某一采空区作为地面瞬变电磁法工作区,验证采空区的含水性,最后通过井下瞬变电磁法及钻探实现对异常区域的精确定位。某采空区探测实例表明:三维地震勘探方法对地层连续信息反映明显,可较好的确定采空区的位置及深度,但对富水性无法解释;瞬变电磁法对低阻异常灵敏,可准确反映含水异常的范围;井瞬变电磁法及钻探因离异常距离较近,可更好的获得地层信息,对异常位置的确定更为可靠。     

阳泉矿区煤田采空区综合地球物理探测模式应用

为支撑采煤沉陷区地质环境调查与矿山环境恢复治理工作,对山西阳泉矿区典型采煤沉陷区开展综合地球物理勘探技术方法研究与应用示范。通过重力勘探、浅层地震法和瞬变电磁法开展煤田采空区地球物理方法对比应用研究,总结出采用以上3种物探方法相结合的勘查煤田采空区的有效探测模式。探测结果表明,综合地球物理勘查结合地面地质调查能够识别采空区边界和深度等属性信息,为采空区三维地质建模提供数据依据。     

综合物探技术在山西某整合矿井的应用

山西某整合矿井地表条件复杂,目的层埋深变化大,部分区段煤层埋藏较浅,且有采空区存在,为解决该矿地质构造、采空区范围及其富水性以及影响煤层开采的其它水文地质问题,采用三维地震勘探与瞬变电磁法、直流电测深法相结合的综合物探技术。利用三维地震勘探解决目的层赋存形态及其地质构造问题;再利用瞬变电磁法进行平面控制,以使平面及深度解释误差达到勘探要求;应用直流电测深法及瞬变电磁进行勘探,在正反演解释的基础上对其资料综合分析、对比,并结合三维地震资料,确定地质构造的富水及导水性,取得了较好勘探效果。     

利用三维地震及瞬变电磁法探查老窑、采空区

煤矿采空区富含水或瓦斯而对煤矿安全生产构成事故隐患，三维地震勘探技术可查明落差5m以上的断层、直径大于20m的陷落柱，控制采空区边界，其平面位置误差不大于20m，是探测煤层采空区边界行之有效的手段。瞬变电磁法可查明含水地质体如岩溶洞穴与通道、煤矿采空区、深部不规则水体等。利用三维地震结合瞬变电磁法探查显德旺矿老窑、采空区破坏范围及积水情况，取得了可喜的成果。     

巷道瞬变电磁超前探测波场成像技术

传统瞬变电磁技术存在体积效应,仅能确定含水异常体的方位,难以对含水异常体的边界进行精确探测。针对煤矿井下巷道掘进超前探测特点,基于瞬变电磁法波场变换方法,形成了巷道超前探测波场成像技术,并结合某矿巷道掘进超前探测工程,利用波场成像技术对超前探测数据进行处理,较为准确地确定了含水异常体的边界。结果表明,同传统数据处理结果相比,巷道瞬变电磁超前探测波场成像技术能够确定含水异常体边界,波场曲线幅值与出水位置对应较好,含水异常体边界位置同波场成像结果更为吻合。     

微动物探方法探测采空区

采空区探测通常采用瞬变电磁法与地震勘探方法,前者采用人工电场,后者采用人工震源,但二者施工难度大,数据采集也困难.微动探测是从台阵微动记录的垂直分量中提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,再通过对频散曲线的反演估算地下介质S波速度,利用其低速异常解释采空区.以铜川东坡煤矿某区的探测为例,在煤层埋深50m左右、微动探测深度100m的情况下,即解释的采空区与地面电法解释的结果高度一致.     

用瞬变电磁数据精细处理技术探测煤矿采空区

为方便煤田采空区瞬变电磁资料的解释,笔者根据瞬变电磁纵向电导微分成像的原理,编制了集层状模型正、反演、微分电导成像、采集数据预处理以及传统的视电阻率等方法于一体的综合瞬变电磁精细处理解释软件,并将这套软件应用于河南省老窑煤矿采空区的解释和推断工作中。结果表明:该软件处理速度快,成像直观,解释精度高。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)