特提斯喜马拉雅中东部桑秀组酸性火山岩岩石成因:东冈瓦纳大陆裂解的响应?

关于特提斯喜马拉雅构造带中东部地区桑秀组酸性火山岩是否是地壳深熔形成以及与东冈瓦纳大陆裂解事件存在关联长期以来有较大争议,以羊卓雍错地区桑秀组酸性火山岩为研究对象,在详实的野外地质调查及样品采集基础上,通过室内镜下岩石学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素地球化学研究.结果表明:羊卓雍错地区桑秀组底部两个酸性火山岩样品（RYA01、DYA01）加权平均年龄为139.1±1.3 Ma（1σ,MSWD=1.08）和137.3±1.4 Ma（1σ,MSWD=0.98）,代表了特提斯喜马拉雅地区早白垩世时期火山活动.岩石地球化学和Hf同位素地球化学特征表明,酸性火山岩具有高含量的SiO₂、低镁指数值、较高的A/CNK比值,富集Al、LREE和Th,强烈亏损Nb,锆石ε_Hf（t）值介于-20.1~-10.5之间,平均值为-13.5.综合研究表明,羊卓雍错地区桑秀组酸性火山是印度大陆北缘伸展减薄的环境下幔源岩浆底侵诱发上覆地壳并发生部分熔融形成的岩浆产物,结合酸性火山岩锆石年龄结果以及前人对东冈瓦纳大陆研究成果,认为羊卓雍错地区桑秀组酸性火山岩与东冈瓦纳大陆裂解有关,属于Kerguelen地幔柱岩浆活动早期产物.      

闽西南早侏罗世火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义

华南陆缘在湘南、湘东南、赣南及闽西南地区早中生代发育一条呈近EW向展布的火山岩带,闽西南永定堂堡和五湖藩坑组火山岩是其中的典型代表之一,利用锆石U-Pb测定其形成年龄分别为（189±6）~（195±2）Ma和184±2 Ma,是早侏罗世火山喷发形成的.为了解闽西南早侏罗世火山岩岩浆来源及形成构造背景等信息,对火山岩进行了岩石学鉴定、主量、微量元素地球化学特征和Sr-Nd同位素测试分析.藩坑组火山岩基性和酸性端员戴里间断达20左右,是典型的双峰式火山岩.基性端员玄武岩（碱玄岩）主量元素高TiO₂、高TFe₂O₃（全铁）,（Rb/Sr）_N、（La/Nb）_N、（Ba/Nb）_N和（Rb/Yb）_N的比值均高于原始地幔值,具有∑REE较高、轻稀土富集,δEu有微弱异常的特征,I_sr值在0.704 4~0.707 5之间,ε_Nd（t）介于-1.19~4.30,说明岩浆源可能为较深的软流圈地幔,同时存在部分来自岩石圈地幔的组分.酸性端员流纹岩（英安岩）（Rb/Sr）_N和（Rb/Yb）_N比值均高于原始地幔值,（Ba/Nb）_N比值全部低于原始地幔值,（La/Nb）_N既有高值也有低值.具有∑REE较高、轻稀土富集、δEu存在异常的特征.I_sr值在0.701 2~0.705 3之间,ε_Nd（t）介于-5.40~-1.95,说明岩浆物质来源为壳幔混熔型,主要为壳源成因,但有幔源组分参与.闽西南早侏罗世双峰式火山岩形成于板内靠近大陆边缘的特殊构造位置,受到古太平洋板块的低角度俯冲-弧后伸展-玄武岩浆底侵作用影响.      

华南晚奥陶世次火山岩的发现:早古生代与俯冲有关的英安岩?

华南早古生代花岗岩广泛分布,但同时代的(次)火山岩却很罕见.本次研究采用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年方法,结合微区原位Hf同位素分析,对南岭广东韶关地区的河口、上洞英安岩进行了系统研究.结果表明英安岩形成于448.7±1.7 Ma,为晚奥陶世岩浆活动产物.岩石为斑状结构,常见石英碎斑或港湾状石英斑晶,基质为隐晶质,具有典型浅成岩石特征.地球化学资料表明,这些岩石属于高钾钙碱性英安岩.英安岩微量元素显示了轻稀土富集、高场强元素(Ta、Nb)亏损和极低的Cr、Ni含量等明显火山弧岩浆特征.同位素数据显示河口、上洞英安岩全岩I_Sr=0.709 0~0.714 0,ε_Nd(t)=-8.9~-9.3,锆石ε_Hf(t)变化范围为-8.06~-3.80,与华南加里东期主要花岗岩类同位素特征一致,具有壳源属性.二阶段Hf模式年龄范围为1.67~1.93 Ga,与Nd模式年龄结果1.91~1.94 Ga相近;表明河口、上洞英安岩来源于古元古代结晶基底地壳物质.河口、上洞奥陶纪英安岩的发现,进一步证明该区早古生代存在俯冲岩浆活动,为研究华南早古生代地质事件提供了新的证据.      

浙西北地区晚中生代花岗岩的岩石成因

浙西北地区晚中生代处于环太平洋活动大陆边缘,区内岩浆侵入活动强烈,发育Ⅰ型和铝质A型两类花岗岩,前者又分为低分异Ⅰ型（简称Ⅰ型）和高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩两种,形成时限为中侏罗世-早白垩世早期（172~135 Ma）,其中高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩集中于早白垩世早期（147~135 Ma）;铝质A型花岗岩形成于早白垩世中期（135~123 Ma）.同位素地球化学研究表明,中侏罗世-早白垩世早期Ⅰ型花岗岩（87Sr/86Sr）_i值为0.707 004~0.711 896,ε_Nd（t）值为-6.70~-2.00,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-5.08~-1.67,T_DMC值为1 162~1 358 Ma,系古太平洋板块俯冲挤压的构造环境下,少量幔源物质沿变向俯冲引起的板片裂隙（窗）与下地壳重熔岩浆混合作用的产物;晚侏罗世末期-早白垩世早期高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩（87Sr/86Sr）_i为0.706 890~ 0.709 880,ε_Nd（t）值为-6.80~-4.50,锆石ε_Hf（t）为-6.59~-5.23,T_DMC为1 350~1 423 Ma,是古太平洋板块撤离机制下挤压向伸展转换的产物,系软流圈上涌诱发的幔源基性岩浆与中元古代地壳物质的部分熔融形成长英质岩浆混合并经高程度分异演化形成;早白垩世中期铝质A型花岗岩（87Sr/86Sr）_i值为0.703 503~0.710 171,ε_Nd（t）值为-8.90~-0.30,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-9.70~2.48,T_DMC值为734~1 593 Ma,为岩石圈持续减薄机制下,越来越多的幔源物质（或新生地壳）涌入深部长英质岩浆房混合形成.      

小兴安岭伊东林场金多金属矿床火山-次火山岩年代学、岩石地球化学及构造背景

伊东林场金多金属矿床是小兴安岭地区新发现的浅成低温热液型金矿,矿区内火山-次火山岩分布广泛,其中闪长玢岩和英安岩与成矿具有成因联系。为了厘定闪长玢岩和英安岩与成矿的关系,制约成矿时代,本文对其进行了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等研究。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,与成矿密切相关的火山-次火山岩为一套过铝质钙碱性火山岩系,具有轻稀土富集和弱的Eu负异常,富集Rb、Ba大离子亲石元素和Th、U等不相容元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素等与俯冲有关的弧岩浆特征。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,闪长玢岩与英安岩的成岩年龄分别为(99.60±0.62)Ma和(98.50±0.50)Ma,均形成于早白垩世。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析结果显示,样品具有高的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值(0.707 20～0.707 70),低ε_Nd(t)值(-3.47～-2.42)以及ε_Hf(t)值(-2.22～4.11),反映形成源区以幔源为主,但受较强的地壳混染。研究结果揭示,研究区早白...     

内蒙古哈珠地区石炭纪白山组火山岩:北山北部晚古生代活动陆缘岩浆作用的产物

北山北部晚古生代岩浆事件的性质对该地区这一时期的构造演化研究具有重要意义.对内蒙古北山哈珠地区石炭纪白山组火山岩进行了系统的年代学、地球化学、Lu-Hf同位素测试,结果显示:白山组主要由玄武安山质、安山质、英安质、流纹质火山岩组成,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩的成岩年龄分别为325.6±1.4 Ma、313.5±3.4 Ma、314.7±1.7 Ma,时代为早石炭世晚期-晚石炭世.火山岩空间分布上表现出明显的"组成极性",区域上由北至南从中性火山岩（钙碱性系列）→酸性火山岩（高钾钙碱性系列）演化,K₂O含量与K₂O/Na₂O比值也呈相应的增加趋势,其中玄武安山岩、安山岩具有高Al₂O₃、低TiO₂以及低的Ni、Cr含量,所有样品普遍亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾稀土元素配分模式,以上特征指示白山组火山岩形成于洋壳向南俯冲过程中的活动大陆边缘背景下.另外,白山组中安山岩具有高的ε_Hf（t）值（+7.0~+14.1）和年轻的平均地壳模式年龄T_DMC（437~891 Ma）,接近上地幔的Rb/Sr比值（0.01~0.15）,Nb/Ta比值（12.59~18.80）处于地壳平均值和地幔平均值之间;流纹岩具有相对较低的ε_Hf（t）值（4.3~8.2）和偏老的平均地壳模式年龄T_DMC（804~1 054 Ma）,Rb/Sr比值（0.80~1.73）远大于地壳平均值,Nb/Ta比值（10.66~13.08）接近地壳平均值反映岩浆源区向洋侧以新生地壳和地幔物质为主,向内陆一侧逐渐演化为更多陆壳（较老地壳）物质的加入.综合以上分析并结合前人资料,北山哈珠地区晚古生代石炭纪白山组火山岩是红石山洋向南侧马鬃山-旱山地块俯冲过程中活动陆缘岩浆作用的产物.      

漠河地区黑云母花岗闪长岩地球化学、Hf同位素特征及其成因

以往学者的研究多集中在印支期出露于漠河县城南的黑云母花岗闪长岩,而对该地区燕山早期构造演化的研究相对薄弱.运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学与Hf同位素分析的方法确定其形成时代、岩浆源区性质及成岩构造背景.结果表明:该岩石的加权平均年龄分别为185±2 Ma和182±2 Ma,表明其形成于早侏罗世;岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK介于0.90~1.03,Mg#值为42~48,具有高Sr（489×10-6~653×10-6）低Yb（1.33×10-6~1.99×10-6）的特征,判定其属于埃达克岩类;岩石具有弧岩浆的微量元素特征,轻重稀土元素分馏明显（（La/Yb）_N=8.36~15.6）,较弱的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.79~0.95）,富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素;岩石的ε_Hf（t）值为-3.26~-1.46,二阶段模式年龄介于1.25~1.59 Ga,结合该时期的地幔特征认为该岩石岩浆起源于中元古代亏损地幔新增生的下地壳部分熔融.综合认为岩石形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋板块向南俯冲的活动大陆边缘环境.      

桂西南凭祥火山岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素研究——对古特提斯洋最晚北向俯冲事件的启示

华南西南缘凭祥地区位于特提斯构造域东端,华南与印支陆块碰撞缝合带的北部,该区出露的三叠纪中酸性火山岩是古特提斯洋俯冲过程中在华南陆块边缘形成的大陆弧产物,这些火山岩同时携带的大量来自华南陆块基底的捕获锆石为华南陆块的构造热事件研究将提供重要的信息。对凭祥地区三叠系北泗组英安岩进行了同位素年代学、地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究,获得了一个英安岩样品的加权平均年龄为（227.8±1）Ma,这些英安岩具有高SiO₂、K₂O含量,极低的MgO、MnO和CaO含量,富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、Th和U）和亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta）的特点,显示了典型的岛弧岩浆作用特征,代表古特提斯洋向北俯冲至华南陆块之下形成的大陆弧产物。其余两个英安岩样品中的70粒锆石主要为来自华南陆块基底的捕获锆石,其年龄数据变化区间较大,为1010~231 Ma,这些捕获锆石U-Pb年龄频谱分布主要集中在四个区间:11010~800 Ma（峰值900 Ma）,其锆石的ε_Hf（t）值为4.5~15.1,响应扬子和华夏陆块之间聚合-裂解-再聚合的构造演化事件,反应了其幔源岩浆的广泛参与;2720~620 Ma（峰值680 Ma）响应南华纪已拼合的扬子-华夏陆块的再次发生裂解;3490~400 Ma（峰值450 Ma）,其锆石的ε_Hf（t）值为2.2~-7.8,响应华南早古生代加里东运动有关的壳-幔相互作用岩浆事件;4280~230 Ma（峰值250 Ma）,其锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-13.6~-16.5,地壳模式年龄为2.3~2.1 Ga,代表了印支与华南陆块之间古特提斯洋俯冲闭合的岩浆事件。文章的研究结果揭示了凭祥北泗组英安岩与华南陆块的亲缘性,其结晶年龄限定了华南与印支陆块之间的古特提斯洋俯冲结束、陆-陆开始碰撞的最晚时限为中-晚三叠纪。      

东天山阿奇山-雅满苏构造带小东山火山岩的成因和意义:年代学、主微量元素及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学约束

阿奇山-雅满苏构造带是东天山造山带的重要组成部分,其大地构造属性至今仍存在争议.小东山火山岩出露于阿奇山-雅满苏构造带的西段,包括基性到酸性系列火山岩,是认识阿奇山-雅满苏构造带属性和演化的有效“岩石探针”.本次工作对其开展了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素和同位素地球化学研究.研究结果表明,小东山火山岩主要由花岗斑岩、英安斑岩、安山岩、玄武岩以及橄榄玄武岩组成,元素协变关系指示该套火山岩系列属于同源岩浆的演化产物.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果显示,小东山火山岩年龄为318~308 Ma,形成于晚石炭世.该套火山岩SiO₂含量变化范围较大（48.10%~76.82%）,Al₂O₃含量整体较低且变化范围较小.从基性岩到酸性岩,稀土总量逐渐增加,Eu/Eu*值逐渐降低.中酸性火山岩大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb、Sr等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P、Th等强烈亏损.而基性火山岩主要表现为Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti负异常,K、Pb、P正异常.所有火山岩均以低（87Sr/86Sr）_i（0.704 50~0.707 14）、高ε_Nd（t）（+3.16~+5.71）以及高ε_Hf值（+5.45~+12.18）为特征.上述元素和同位素地球化学特征指示了小东山火山岩形成于岛弧构造环境,起源于交代地幔楔的部分熔融并经过了结晶分异作用.结合前人对区域构造-岩浆活动的认识,本文认为小东山火山岩所在的阿奇山-雅满苏岛弧带是在石炭纪古天山洋向南俯冲过程中形成.      

大兴安岭北段中—新生代玄武岩成分变异:对地幔热演化过程意义

近年来,东北地区地幔热演化过程的相关研究相对较少,而揭示东北地区地幔热演化过程的有效手段就是研究东北地区玄武岩的成分变异特征.系统总结并对比了大兴安岭北段早白垩世玄武质岩石和新生代玄武质岩石的化学成分变异,以便揭示研究区中生代晚期-新生代的地幔热演化过程.大兴安岭北段早白垩世玄武岩在化学上属于拉斑玄武岩系列,以亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素为特征,它们的La/Nb和La/Ta比值分别介于1.8~5.6和30~87,暗示岩浆起源于岩石圈地幔;它们的初始87Sr/86Sr值、ε_Nd（t）和ε_Hf（t）值分别介于0.704 5~0.706 9、-1.52~+3.60和+1.74~+7.77,表明岩浆源区属于弱亏损-弱富集的岩石圈地幔;早白垩世玄武质岩石的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素成分指示岩浆源区是由DM和EMⅡ型地幔端元混合而成,并经历了俯冲流体的交代.表明大兴安岭北段早白垩世玄武质岩浆源区为受早期俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔.新生代超钾质和钾质玄武岩具有Nb-Ta的弱负异常,87Sr/86Sr值为0.704 7~0.705 7、ε_Nd（t）值为-6.3~-0.8,而地幔捕掳体具有Sr-Nd同位素亏损特征;钠质玄武岩具有Nb-Ta的正异常,较超钾质和钾质玄武岩具有低的87Sr/86Sr（0.703 5~0.704 2）以及高的ε_Nd（t）值（+3.4~+6.6）,类似MORB的同位素组成,这些特征说明大兴安岭北段新生代玄武质岩石起源于软流圈地幔.综上所述,大兴安岭北段早白垩世和新生代玄武质岩石成分的差异不仅指示其岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔转变为软流圈地幔,更为重要的是它揭示了研究区地幔的热演化过程——从早白垩世高的地温梯度到新生代低的地温梯度的转变.这一过程也是岩石圈从中生代晚期到新生代逐渐增厚的过程.结合区域构造演化,可以得出大兴安岭北段早白垩世的玄武质岩浆作用与岩石圈伸展、减薄形成的裂陷作用相关,而新生代玄武质岩浆作用则与陆内裂谷作用相关.      

Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb age of Late Jurassic OIB-type volcanic rocks from the Tethyan Himalaya: constraints on the initial activity time of the Kerguelen mantle plume

This work presents zircon U–Pb age and whole-rock geochemical data for the volcanic rocks from the Lakang Formation in the southeastern Tethyan Himalaya and represents the initial activity of the Kerguelen mantle plume. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons from the volcanic rocks yielded a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 147 ± 2 Ma that reflects the time of Late Jurassic magmatism. Whole rock analyses of major and trace elements show that the volcanic rocks are characterized by high content of TiO₂ (2.62 wt%–4.25 wt%) and P₂O₅ (0.38 wt%–0.68 wt%), highly fractionated in LREE/HREE [(La/Yb)_N = 5.35–8.31] with no obvious anomaly of Eu, and HFSE enrichment with no obvious anomaly of Nb and Ta, which are similar to those of ocean island basalts and tholeiitic basaltic andesites indicating a mantle plume origin. The Kerguelen mantle plume produced a massive amount of magmatic rocks from Early Cretaceous to the present, which widely dispersed from their original localities of emplacement due to the changing motions of the Antarctic, Australian, and Indian plates. However, our new geochronological and geochemical results indicate that the Kerguelen mantle plume started from the Late Jurassic. Furthermore, we suggest that the Kerguelen mantle plume may played a significant role in the breakup of eastern Gondwanaland according to the available geochronological, geochemical and paleomagnetic data.     

汝城地区晚中生代火山岩地球化学特征及其对源区属性的指示

湘东南汝城地区发育一套由基性玄武岩和中酸性安山质-英安质岩石组成的火山岩建造,属于低钾拉斑系列,该火山岩系中两个玄武岩的K-Ar年龄分别为124.5±2.5Ma和127.6±1.9Ma,属晚侏罗—早白垩世产物。在主、微量元素上两者成分存在明显差异。其中安山质-英安质岩石具有高MgO特征,属高MgO岩石,LILE富集、Nb-Ta、Sr-P亏损强烈,(La/Yb)N=6.7～7.9,Eu*/Eu=0.74～0.85,具岛弧型微量元素配分型式,87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.71079～0.71118,εNd(t)=-7.64～-8.16,与adakites高Mg岩石有着明显的差别,可能是富集岩石圈地幔熔融后直接分异的产物;玄武岩LILE富集,Nb-Ta富集,(La/Yb)cn=4.0～4.3,Eu*/Eu=1.00～1.16,具OIB型微量元素配分型式,87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.70812～0.70832,εNd(t)=0.48～1.03,其源区具二元混合趋势,其源区可能是富集型岩石圈地幔端员与亏损的软流圈地幔端员的混合产物。汝城地区晚中生代玄武岩和高Mg安山质-英安质岩石源区属性的限定及其相互的空间依存关系表明该区晚中生代时有着较薄的岩石圈厚度,处于岩石圈伸展减薄的大地构造背景。     

藏南夏瓦地区基性脉岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及地质意义

西藏夏瓦地区位于特提斯喜马拉雅构造带中东部,广泛发育大量近东西向的基性脉岩,这些基性脉岩对于研究该区域地质构造演化具有重要的意义。本文对夏瓦地区基性脉岩开展了系统的岩石学、年代学、地球化学等研究。夏瓦基性脉岩的岩石类型以辉绿岩和辉长玢岩为主。锆石U-Pb年代学揭示基性脉岩结晶年龄为146～145 Ma。夏瓦基性脉岩具有低SiO₂(47.20%～50.54%)和高Mg~#值(39.78～53.79)特征,富集Ti、Fe、P元素,属碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素(LREE),高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th)相对富集,显示出似OIB的地球化学特征,指示夏瓦基性脉岩来源于软流圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于大陆边缘裂谷背景下。结合区域大火成岩省基性岩的发育,认为夏瓦地区基性脉岩是大陆边缘裂谷背景下Kerguelen地幔柱作用的产物。夏瓦基性脉岩的结晶年龄虽然早于Kerguelen地幔柱活动的峰期(132 Ma),但可能属于地幔柱峰期之前的小规模岩浆活动。     

Basalt basement from the Kerguelen Plateau and the trail of a Dupal plume

The first samples of volcanic basement recovered from the Kerguelen Plateau are Lower Cretaceous transitional tholeiites. Isotope and incompatible element abundance ratios for these rocks are similar to ocean island basalts from the southern hemisphere Dupal anomaly region, and geochemical, geological and geophysical data are consistent with volcanic activity associated with a mantle plume. A reconstruction of plate motions suggests that the Kerguelen Plateau formed above a mantle plume in the interval 118-95 Ma, during the opening of the Indian Ocean between India and Australia-Antarctica. This plume was the source of other plateaus and ridges of the eastern Indian Ocean and possibly the Bunbury Basalt of southwestern Australia, and is now beneath Heard Island.     

Emplacement age and isotope geochemistry of Sung Valley alkaline–carbonatite complex, Shillong Plateau, northeastern India: implications for primary carbonate melt and genesis of the associated silicate rocks

The early Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) Sung Valley ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite complex is one of several alkaline intrusions that occur in the Shillong Plateau, India. This complex comprises calcite carbonatite and closely associated ultramafic (serpentinized peridotite, pyroxenite and melilitolite) and alkaline rocks (ijolite and nepheline syenite). Field relationship and geochemical characteristics of these rocks do not support a genetic link between carbonatite and associated silicate rocks. There is geochemical evidence that pyroxenite, melilitolite and ijolite of the complex are genetically related. Stable (C and O) and radiogenic (Nd and Sr) isotope data clearly indicate a mantle origin for the carbonatite samples. The carbonatite Nd (+0.7 to +1.8) and Sr (+4.7 to +7.0) compositions overlap the field for Kerguelen ocean island basalts. One sample of ijolite has Nd and Sr isotopic compositions that also plot within the field for Kerguelen ocean island basalts, whereas the other silicate–carbonatite samples indicate involvement with an enriched component. These geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the rocks of the Sung Valley complex were derived from and interacted with an isotopically heterogeneous subcontinental mantle and is consistent with interaction of a mantle plume (e.g. Kerguelen plume) with lithosphere. A U–Pb perovskite age of 115.1±5.1 Ma obtained for a sample of Sung Valley ijolite also supports a temporal link to the Kerguelen plume. The observed geochemical characteristics of the carbonatite rocks indicate derivation by low-degree partial melting (0.1%) of carbonated mantle peridotite. This melt, containing a substantial amount of alkali elements, interacted with peridotite to form metasomatic clinopyroxene and olivine. This process could progressively metasomatize lherzolite to form alkaline wehrlite.     

北山南带音凹峡地区酸性火山岩年代学、地球化学研究:二叠纪裂谷岩浆作用的新证据

北山造山带位于中亚造山带南缘中段地区,是中亚造山带、塔里木克拉通和华北克拉通的构造结合部。年代学资料表明北山南带晚古生代存在一期重要的岩浆活动,所形成的岩石类型包括了镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩、花岗岩类以及酸性火山岩。音凹峡地区位于北山南带,该地区广泛分布着厚度巨大的二叠系。这套地层主要是由酸性火山岩及火山碎屑岩组成,流纹岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为273±1 Ma,为早二叠世。针对音凹峡地区酸性火山岩的地球化学研究发现,其具有高SiO_2、K_2O+Na_2O、Al_2O_3含量、低Fe_2O_3~T、Mg O、P_2O_5含量;富集轻稀土元素,重稀土元素无分异,具有明显的Eu负异常;微量元素方面,酸性火山岩富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、Zr和Hf等元素,而相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素。酸性火山岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-6.0~3.9,具有较老的Hf同位素模式年龄,t_(DM2)=1046~1669 Ma。音凹峡酸性火山岩的地球化学证据表明这套火山岩系可能由中-新元古代壳源岩石部分熔融形成,并与幔源岩浆进行了不同程度的混合,之后发生了分离结晶作用。综合音凹峡地区同时代镁铁质岩石、花岗岩类的研究成果,以及该地区二叠系沉积建造及火山岩特征分析可知,北山南带在早二叠世应处于大陆裂谷的构造背景。     

Ninetyeast ridge: Magmatism and geodynamics

The study of magmatism and tectonic structure of the East Indian or Ninetyeast Ridge (NER) reveals the geochemical similarity of mantle sources for the NER and Kerguelen Plateau melts. Magmas related to the Kerguelen plume were derived from an enriched mantle source, whereas the NER tholeiitic basalts originated from a source contaminated by a depleted material. While, depleted basalt varieties were not found within the NER basalts. It was shown that magmatic rocks forming the NER were generated by high degrees (30%) of partial melting within the ancient Wharton spreading ridge due to the activity of the Kerguelen plume, which was located at this time in the vicinity of the ridge. The most significant impact of the plume on the NER structures was recorded at 70–50 Ma ago.     

Geochemical and isotopic characteristics and evolution of the Jurassic volcanic arc between Arica (18°30′S) and Tocopilla (22°S), North Chilean Coastal Cordillera

The present-day North Chilean Coastal Cordillera between 18°30′S and 22°S records an important part of the magmatic evolution of the Central Andes during the Jurassic. Calc-alkaline to subordinate tholeiitic members from four rock groups with biostratigraphically constrained age display incompatible element pattern characteristic of convergent plate-margin volcanism, whereas alkaline basalts of one group occurring in the Precordillera show OIB-type trace element signatures. The correlation of biostratigraphic ages, regional distribution, and composition of the volcanic rocks provides a basis for the discussion on geochemical evolution and isotope ratios.Major and trace element distributions of the volcanic rocks indicate their derivation from mantle-derived melts. LILE and LREE enrichments in calc-alkaline basaltic andesites to dacites and some of the tholeiites hint at the involvement of hydrous fluids during melting and mobile element transport processes. A part of the Early Bajocian to ?Lower Jurassic and Oxfordian andesites and dacites are adakite-like rocks with a substantial participation of slab melt and are characterized by high Sr/Y ratios and low HREE contents. The Middle Jurassic tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts and basaltic andesites have been transported and partly stored within a system of deep-seated feeder fissures and crustal strike-slip faults before eruption.The isotopic composition of Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i=0.7032-0.7056) and Nd (εNd_i=2.2-7.1) of the Jurassic volcanic rocks mostly fall in the range characteristic for mantle melts although some crustal components may have been involved. A few samples show slightly more radiogenic Sr isotopic composition, which is probably due to interaction with ancient sea-water. The Pb isotopic composition of the arc rocks is uncoupled from the isotopic composition of Sr and Nd and is dominated by the crustal component. Since the Cretaceous and Modern arc volcanic rocks show Pb isotopic compositions that can be largely explained by in situ Pb isotope growth of Jurassic arc volcanic rocks, we argue that the various Andean arc systems between 18°30′S and 22°S formed on the same type of basement.Most of the investigated samples have high Ba, Zr, and Th concentrations compared to island arc mafic volcanic rocks. About 20% of the Jurassic arc volcanics comprise of dacitic to rhyolitic rocks. These characteristics combined with the Pb isotopic composition that shows the influence of a Palaeozoic (or partly older) basement point to a continental margin setting for the North Chilean Jurassic arc. The distribution of the magmatic rocks throughout time, their textures, and the character of intercalated sedimentary rocks reflect westward movement of the magma sources and of the arc/back-arc boundary relative to the current coast line during the Early Bajocian on a broad front between 19°30′ and 21°S.     

皖南新元古代井潭组火山岩锆石U-Pb定年和同位素地球化学研究

对皖南江南造山带新元古代井潭组火山岩样品进行了锆石微区U-Pb定年、全岩主微量元素分析和Sr-Nd同位素分析以及矿物氧同位素分析。结果表明,井潭组火山岩存在二期火山岩,形成时代分别为820±16 Ma和776±10 Ma。所有样品都具有较高的基性组分(ΣTiO2+ Fe2O3 T+MgO) 含量(4.7%~16.36%),LREE富集,中等Eu负异常,大离子亲石元素K,Rb,Ba,Th,U等富集,Nb,Ta,Sr,Ti等相对亏损。εNd (t )值为-2.79~-1.71,指示岩浆源区含有显著的新生地壳组分。这些岩石具有高A/CNK(1.37~1.61)和高δ18O值(锆石6.52‰~8.98‰),显示为壳源S型岩浆岩的特点。石英、斜长石和钾长石等矿物氧同位素具有很大的变化范围,表明井潭组火山岩经历了不同程度的亚固相中温热液蚀变。根据锆石U-Pb定年和元素以及同位素分析结果,776±10 Ma井潭组火山岩与石耳山花岗岩为同期岩浆岩,井潭组火山岩直接来源于早新元古代新生地壳重熔,而石耳山花岗岩源岩为约825 Ma岩浆岩,间接来源于早新元古代新生地壳的再造。这些新生地壳是江南弧–陆碰撞造山带的组成部分,在Rodinia超大陆裂解时发生拉张跨塌熔融,既不是地幔柱岩浆活动产物,也不是岛弧岩浆作用的直接产物,而是板块–裂谷岩浆活动产物。