松辽盆地南部中央凹陷区姚家组砂岩地球化学特征及沉积物源

沉积物源对研究含铀砂体展布和含铀流体运移通道均具有指示意义.以松辽盆地南部中央凹陷区姚家组为研究对象,在砂岩样品系统地球化学测试和收集邻区钱家店铀矿研究成果的基础上,讨论研究区姚家组砂岩的地球化学、形成环境和沉积物源并与钱家店地区对比.研究表明,姚家组砂岩碎屑相对富含硅和铝元素,岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩;稀土元素含量160.12×10^-6~253.74×10^-6,表现为轻稀土（La、Ce、Pr等）富集、重稀土（Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu）平坦、中度铕（Eu）负异常;主量、微量和稀土元素揭示砂岩形成于干旱-半干旱气候,化学蚀变程度不高,物源构造背景为主动大陆边缘.结合区域构造背景,认为研究区与钱家店地区物源成分相似而物源的方向不同,研究区姚家组砂岩碎屑母质源自东北或西南物源,源岩类型主要为花岗闪长岩和花岗岩.     

鸡西盆地白垩纪碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源的制约

鸡西盆地白垩系包括下白垩统滴道组、城子河组、穆棱组、东山组、猴石沟组及上白垩统海浪组等。白垩纪碎屑岩主量元素地球化学特征具有高SiO2、低Fe2O3、FeO、MgO的特点,说明白垩纪碎屑岩的源岩主要为长英质岩石。岩石的稀土元素具轻稀土元素富集,重稀土相对亏损,具弱的负Eu异常,其特征类似于上地壳特征。白垩纪碎屑岩微量元素的含量与上地壳微量元素的含量基本一致。综合分析砂岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征和构造判别图解,可以认为,城子河组砂岩主要反映被动大陆边缘的源区构造背景,穆棱组砂岩反映活动大陆边缘源区背景,猴石沟组砂岩反映的源区为大陆岛弧源区构造背景。结合古水流方向和岩屑所反映的源区岩性特点,认为小兴安岭—张广才岭造山带构造杂岩是鸡西盆地白垩纪沉积碎屑岩的主要物源。但随着物源区剥蚀深度的增加,基底古老变质岩也占有相当的比重。     

松辽盆地钱家店地区姚家组赋矿砂岩的组成、地球化学特征及其构造背景

松辽盆地钱家店地区姚家组砂岩矿物、地球化学成分与源区岩石性质和沉积构造环境密切相关。岩相学观察和矿物化学分析表明,所研究的岩石主要碎屑矿物由石英、岩屑和长石组成,含少量的黄铁矿、炭屑和重矿物等矿物。地球化学特征上,这些岩石普遍具有高SiO2含量(68.4%~79.61%)、相对高的K2O/Na2O比值(1.83~2.03)和较低的Fe2O3T+MgO含量(1.48%~4.22%),稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集,重稀土平坦和弱Eu、Ce负异常特征。较低的CIA(57~63)和PIA(60~71)指数、A-CN-K以及AK-C-N分布模式还说明源区经历了相对较弱的风化作用。Zr/Sc和Th/Sc比值共同表明姚家组的碎屑组成不具备沉积再旋回的特征,说明其为近源沉积,具有较差的分选性。砂岩物源区组成判别图研究表明,姚家组砂岩的物源区主要出露长英质岩浆岩。砂岩形成构造环境判别图解及特征指数分析表明,姚家组主要形成于被动大陆边缘沉积环境。     

红色泥岩层系地球化学特征及物源分析——以松辽盆地东南隆起区上白垩统姚家组为例

对松辽盆地东南隆起区姚家组地层进行系统的地球化学分析,结果表明:本区细碎屑岩中含有较多的稳定组分。通过对微量元素PAAS标准化及稀土元素标准化曲线配分模式研究,研究区内姚家组地层应来自同一物源区。CIA值及Th/U值表明源区经历了中等的风化作用;Th/Sc和Zr/Sc比值变化范围小,地球化学特征基本受源岩控制,物源区岩石未经过沉积再搬运。根据源岩构造背景判别图解,并结合前人的研究成果认为:姚家组地层的母岩主要为花岗岩(海西期和燕山期),并有少量燕山期中酸性喷出岩;源岩来自大陆边缘,为大陆岛弧火山岩系。通过Sr/Cu,Ni/Co,V/Cr,U/Th等比值综合分析,姚家组沉积时为干热气候,水体富氧,因此造成姚家组厚层的红色泥岩沉积。     

黑龙江省老黑山盆地下白垩统穆棱组砂岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

为研究黑龙江老黑山盆地下白垩统穆棱组砂岩的源岩属性和源区大地构造背景,在穆棱组进行系统取样,开展地球化学特征和显微镜下分析。研究结果表明：穆棱组砂岩主量元素显示Fe2O3的含量小于FeO,CaO的含量大于MgO的含量,稀土元素具有轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦、多数样品的δEu值具有负异常等特征,样品间微量元素的富集和亏损差异明显。相关系列判别图解表明穆棱组源岩未经沉积再循环作用,属于短距离搬运堆积,且源岩主要为来自上地壳的长英质岩石,但存在多个物源。结合砂岩地球化学特征和Dickinson图解及区域构造背景认为,物源区主要形成于印支运动晚期活动大陆边缘构造背景下的再旋回造山源区和基底隆起区,源岩主要来自于晚三叠世—早中侏罗世的长英质火山岩和侵入岩,而少量可能来自于晚二叠世的变质岩。     

松辽盆地长垣南端四方台组碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源与构造背景的制约

通过对松辽盆地长垣南端四方台组碎屑岩岩石学和地球化学特征的分析,揭示了研究区四方台组碎屑岩的物质组分特征及其物源区的大地构造背景.四方台组砂岩以长石岩屑砂岩为主,结构成熟度和成分成熟度中等.碎屑颗粒相对贫石英(Q)、富岩屑(L)和长石(F),平均值分别为42.10％、37.83％和20.07％,Q/(F+L)平均值为0.80,具有钛铁矿、石榴子石、锆石、磁铁矿、绿帘石等重矿物组合,指示源岩以中酸性岩浆岩及变质岩为主.Dickinson判别图解表明物源主要来自再旋回造山带和岩浆弧物源区.四方台组碎屑岩具有较高的Si含量和较低的Fe、Mg含量,SiO2为60.42％～83.39％,K2O/Na2O值较低(0.91～1.52),(TFe2O3+MgO)为1.11％～9.14％;富集亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba、Pb及高场元素U,亏损亲铁镁元素Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni等及高场元素Th、Zr、Hf、Nb;ΣREE介于66.6×10-6～236×10-6之间,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线与上地壳相似,呈现轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素平坦,中等Eu负异常.碎屑岩化学蚀变指数CIA为46.72～64.49,平均56.54,成分变异指数ICV为0.99～1.39,平均1.12,表明物源区经历了较弱的风化作用,物源主要为构造带首次沉积,不具备沉积再循环特征.碎屑岩主量、微量元素、稀土元素构造环境判别图解及特征比值分析表明,四方台组沉积时源区构造环境为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧;源岩属性判别图解表明,源岩主要为长英质火山岩,并混有中酸性或基性火山岩.结合区域构造演化,认为长垣南端四方台组物源主要来自张广才岭和吉黑东部构造混杂岩带发育的显生宙中酸性花岗岩、火山岩和变质岩.     

松辽盆地开鲁坳陷钱家店地区姚家组砂岩地球化学特征及物源和构造背景分析

为了开展钱家店铀矿床砂岩型铀矿的进一步找矿工作,对采集到的上白垩统姚家组19件砂岩样品进行了主、微量和稀土元素分析,并结合前人成果,对姚家组的沉积物源及源岩构造背景进行了探讨。结果表明,姚家组砂岩主要为长石砂岩,矿物成分主要为石英、钾长石和斜长石等;其轻重稀土比为6.96~14.66,均值为10.17;LaN/YbN为7.58~20.95,均值为11.74,说明轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素明显富集,分馏明显。稀土元素配分模式曲线高度一致,也表明姚家组砂岩具有同源性;其ICV值为0.86~2.78,平均值1.34,大部分大于1,表现为未成熟的性质,为初次旋回的沉积物;修正后的CIA均值62.5,暗示源岩经历中等化学风化作用;砂岩碎屑为近源的第一次旋回沉积物,受沉积分选和再循环作用影响不大;姚家组源岩以火山弧物质和大陆上地壳长英质物质为主,源岩主要形成于大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境;开鲁坳陷形成于早白垩世随着古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲速度的减小而在东北地区出现的北西-南东向拉张构造环境中,并接受盆地西部大兴安岭南段海西期和燕山期岩浆岩、火山岩沉积。     

西秦岭造山带徽成盆地早白垩世地层物源综合分析

徽成盆地是西秦岭造山带内一个具有代表性的盆地,保留较完整的地层记录.早白垩世田家坝组、周家湾组和鸡山组为一套砂砾岩沉积组合序列.本文通过对早白垩世砂岩的古水流恢复、砾石成分与含量、重矿物和地球化学分析,对沉积岩物源区特征和原型盆地进行探讨.古水流恢复和砾石成分统计表明,沉积物主要是近源堆积,主要来自于盆地南缘和北部.重矿物研究结果表明,早白垩世砂岩母岩以岩浆岩为主,并有少量变质岩/沉积岩.地球化学分析表明,早白垩世砂岩为成熟度较低的硬砂岩和长石/岩屑砂屑岩.稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和弱Eu负异常特征.砂岩物源区组成判别图研究表明,早白垩世砂岩的物源区主要出露长英质火山岩.砂岩源区构造环境判别图解及特征指数分析表明,早白垩世砂岩源区主要形成于大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘.结合区域资料和前人研究,表明早白垩世徽成地区发育走滑拉分盆地.     

漠河盆地中侏罗统砂岩地球化学特征及物源属性分析

漠河盆地的中侏罗统.砂岩具有高SiO2、低Fe2O3、FeO 、MgO 和轻稀土元素富集, 重稀土相对亏损,显示弱的负Eu异常的特征.综合分析砂岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征,经构造判别图解,笔者认为漠河盆地中侏罗统沉积时物源区具有大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘的构造环境.盆地南侧的额尔古纳地块北缘古生代杂岩可能是盆地的主要物源.     

贺兰山地区晚三叠世延长组地球化学特征及其地质意义

沉积岩的微量和稀土元素对沉积环境变化有着较高的灵敏度,是研究古沉积环境以及沉积物源区构造背景的一种有效手段。本文主要利用地球化学方法对贺兰山晚三叠世延长组不同地区、不同层段的25件泥岩、粉砂岩以及细砂岩样品进行了主量、微量以及稀土元素测试分析,探讨了延长期沉积环境和物源区构造背景。结果显示：延长期整体处于氧化—还原过渡的淡水环境,古气候温暖潮湿;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分表现为轻重稀土分异明显,且轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损,Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显等特征;La/Yb-REE和La/Th-Hf源岩判别图及Gd/Yb的比值关系图显示延长组源岩主要为长英质岩石,部分为基性岩和沉积岩,且以后太古界为主要物源;La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Co-Zr/10判别图解均显示研究区延长组物源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧,晚期有活动陆缘构造背景的物源加入。     

Geochemistry of Lower Jurassic sandstones of Shemshak Formation,Kerman basin,Central Iran: Provenance,source weathering and tectonic setting

Lower Jurassic sandstones of Shemshak Formation of Kerman basin, central Iran were analyzed for major and select trace elements to infer their provenance, palaeoweathering of source rocks and tectonic setting. Average modal framework components (Qt: F: L= 67.25: 2.41: 30.48) and chemical composition of the sandstones classify them as litharenites. The sandstones are quartz-rich (～ 67% quartz; 75.34 wt.% SiO₂) and derived from a recycled orogen composed of quartzose sedimentary rocks. Average CIA, PIA and CIW values (69%, 76% and 80%, respectively) indicate moderate to intense chemical weathering of the source material. The inferred index of weathering/alteration is the sum total of intensities of weathering witnessed by the lithocomponents during atleast two cycles of sedimentation involving (1) chemical weathering of the source rocks («ultimate» granodiorite source and «proximal» quartzose sedimentary source), (2) chemical weathering during fluvial transport of the detritus, (3) chemical weathering of the detritus in depocenters, and (4) chemical weathering during diagenesis. Sandstones exhibit moderate maturity and were deposited under humid climatic conditions. Plots of the chemical analyses data on tectonic setting discrimination diagrams indicate active continental margin setting, which is in agreement with the tectonic evolutionary history of the Central Iran during Jurassic period.     

Source and origin of glacial paleovalley-fill sediments (Upper Ordovician) of Sarah Formation in central Saudi Arabia

A study was carried out on the combination of petrographies, geochemistry (major and trace), weathering and the digenesis of 31 sandstones samples to determine their provenance and depositional tectonic setting of sedimentary basins. Based on the composition of Detrital grains (point counting), most of the Sarah sandstones were classified as quartz arenites types (99% on an average). The petrographic data indicated that the resultant mature sandstones are derived from recycled and craton interior tectonic provenance. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams based on major elements suggest that sandstones were deposited in a passive margin and polycyclic continental tectonic setting. The relationship between K₂O/Na₂O ratio and SiO₂ showed that the Sarah sandstone samples fall into the passive margin field. The chemical index of alteration (CIA?=?63.84%) of sandstones suggested moderate weathering or reworking in the area. The concentration of trace elements indicates that the sediments were probably derived from the mixed sedimentary-meta sedimentary provenance and changes in sedimentary process due to climatic variations. The main diagenetic events were in the form of cements, which occur as grain coats and as pore fillings. An integrated approach showed that the parent area of paleovalley-fill sediment is probably a complex of granite, metasedimentary and pre-existing sedimentary rocks.     

Geochemistry of Carboniferous Sandstones (Sardar Formation), East‐Central Iran: Implication for Provenance and Tectonic Setting

Geochemical analysis of sandstones from the Sardar Formation (from two stratigraphic successions) in east-central Iran were used for identification of geochemical characterization of sandstones, provenance and tectonic setting. Sandstones in the two lithostratigraphic successions have similar chemical compositions suggesting a common provenance. Bulk-rock geochemistry analysis of Carboniferous sandstones from Sardar Formation indicates that they are mainly quartz dominated and are classified as quartzarenites, sublitharenites and subarkoses, derived from acid igneous to intermediate igneous rocks. Discrimination function analysis indicates that the sandstones of Sardar Formation were derived from quartzose sedimentary provenance in a recycled orogenic setting. Also, major and trace elements in sandstones of Sardar Formation (e.g., K2O/Na2O vs. SiO2) indicate deposition in a stable passive continental margin (PM). Chemical index of alteration (CIA) for these rocks (> 65%) suggests a moderate to relatively high degree of weathering in the source area.     

南堡凹陷新近系馆陶组砂岩地球化学、构造背景和物源探讨

对南堡凹陷馆陶组(粉)砂岩的主量、微量及稀土元素的地球化学特征研究表明：多数主量元素含量中等,SiO₂、Al₂O₃等主元素含量及其相关比值反映大多数砂岩属于岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩,个别为杂砂岩;镁铁族元素(Co,Cr,Ni,Sc,V)和大离子亲石元素(Rb,Cs,Ba,Sr)含量类似于上地壳。砂岩十分相似的REE分布模式显示了相似的物源和构造背景。SiO₂-K₂O/Na₂O图解、主元素双变量判别图解及Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Co-Zr/10等构造背景判别图解均表明,馆陶组物源区属于活动大陆边缘构造背景。根据主元素物源判别方程图、La/Sc-Co/Th和Th-Hf-Co图投影及(Gd/Yb)_N值,表明馆陶组物源主要来自由长英质岩石组成的后太古宙上陆壳。通过与燕山地区不同时代(期)中酸性火山岩和花岗岩REE的对比,表明母岩主要来自燕山褶皱带地区于燕山期发育的中酸性火山岩和/或花岗岩体。     

Tectonic Setting and Nature of the Provenance of Sedimentary Rocks in Lanping Mesozoic- Cenozoic Basin： Evidence from Geochemistry of Sandstones

The geochemical composition of sandstones in the sedimentary basin is controlled mainly by the tectonic setting of the provenance, and it is therefore possible to reveal the tectonic setting of the provenance and the nature of source rocks in terms of the geochemical composition of sandstones. The major elements, rare-earth dements and trace elements of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sandstones in the Lanping Basin are studied in this paper, revealing that the tectonic settings of the provenance for Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Lanping Basin belong to a passive continental margin and a continental island arc. Combined with the data on sedimentary facies and palaeogeography, it is referred that the eastern part of the basin is located mainly at the tectonic setting of the passive continental margin before Mesozoic, whereas the western part may be represented by a continental island arc. This is compatible with the regional geology data. The protoliths of sedimentary rocks should be derived from the upper continental crust, and are composed mainly of felsic rocks, mixed with some andesitic rocks and old sediment components. Therefore, the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin is a typical continental-type basin. This provides strong geochemical evidence for the evolution of the paleo-Tethys and theb asin-range transition.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区直罗组砂岩的地球化学特征与物源分析

沉积岩物源分析对揭示盆地砂体展布、物质组成、储集层性质及砂岩型铀矿床铀源等科学问题具有重要的意义。对取自鄂尔多斯盆地东北部8个钻井中的中侏罗统直罗组砂岩进行了详细的岩石学和地球化学研究,试图鉴别岩石的源区和形成的构造环境。研究表明,砂岩以中粗粒杂砂岩为主,其w(SiO₂)值及w(Al₂O₃)/w(SiO₂)值中等到较高,w(K₂O)值相对较高,Fe₂O₃、MgO、TiO₂含量较低,暗示碎屑物质的富长英质、贫镁铁质特征。Nb、Ta、Ti、P等不活动元素的强烈亏损和K、Rb、Sr、Ba等LILE的富集,共同指示源区具有明显的俯冲带的特征;而w(TFe₂O₃+MgO)-w(TiO₂)、w(TFe₂O₃+MgO)-w(Al₂O₃)/w(SiO₂)、w(Th)-w(Sc)-w(Zr)/10、w(Th)-w(Co)-w(Zr)/10等判别特征则表明砂岩源区岩石可能形成于大陆弧-活动大陆边缘环境。而且,在球粒陨石标准化分配模式中,LREE强烈富集,HREE无明显分异、有着较平坦的曲线,Eu无异常或表现为弱的正、负异常;在PAAS标准化曲线中,轻重稀土均无明显分异,仅Eu表现为明显正异常。本区直罗组砂岩与华北北缘显生宙闪长岩-花岗闪长岩有着很强的亲缘性。     

Geochemistry and provenance of the Miocene sandstones of the Surma group from the Sitapahar anticline,Southeastern Bengal Basin,Bangladesh

Geochemical composition (major and trace elements) of Miocene sandstones of the Surma Group exposed in Sitapahar anticline, Southeastern Bengal Basin was determined to reveal their provenance, tectonic setting and source area weathering conditions. The sandstones are sub-arkosic, sub-lithic and greywacke in composition with abundant low-grade metamorphic, sedimentary lithics (mainly chert with some shale fragments), low feldspars and little volcanic detritus. Compared to the average sandstone value, the Surma Group sandstones are depleted in CaO and enriched in Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and Na₂O. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values for the Miocene Surma Group sandstones vary from 57 to 73 with an average of 65, indicating low to moderate weathering of the source areas. The geochemical characteristics suggest an active continental margin to passive margin setting for the Surma Group sandstones; preserve the signatures of a recycled provenance that is agreement with sandstone petrography and derivation of these sandstones from felsic source rocks.     

塔里木北缘库鲁克塔格南华系阿勒通沟组沉积环境及构造背景分析

关于塔里木北缘南华-震旦纪的构造演化存在争议,本文研究了其东北缘库鲁克塔格地区南华系阿勒通沟组的沉积环境、地球化学特征等方面,揭示其源区风化、物源类型和构造背景等信息,以期为塔北同期构造演化及古地理环境恢复提供更多证据。阿勒通沟组由底部的冰碛砾岩和之上发育细密纹层的细砂-粉砂-泥岩组成,砂岩中发育丘状交错层理、渠模等典型风暴沉积构造,可识别出3种风暴沉积序列,为风暴浪控浅海陆棚沉积,是阿勒通沟组冰期和特瑞艾肯组冰期分属两个冰期的有力证据。该组宽广陆棚相的沉积环境,砂岩较高的结构成熟度及V-Cr-Ni-Sc负异常、Ti-Hf-Zr-Y正异常等地球化学特征皆显示其处于被动大陆边缘。物源判别图解、过渡族元素含量和稀土配分特征显示该组砂岩主要碎屑物质为来自南部塔里木克拉通的长英质岩类,另有古老沉积岩的加入。砂岩样品CIA值、A-CN-K图解和Th／U比值等显示其源区经历了微弱-中等的化学风化,碎屑物质具沉积分选、沉积物再旋回特征,且在成岩过程中钾交代明显,这些特征也与被动大陆边缘一致。在此基础上,结合前人研究成果认为库鲁克塔格自贝义西组裂解至阿勒通沟组演化为被动大陆边缘,且至少持续到震旦系扎摩克提组。