杭州河上地区新元古代火山岩与侵入岩的岩浆同源性

杭州河上地区是浙西北上元古界上墅组火山岩发育的典型地区,同时还发育新元古代辉绿岩和碱长花岗岩板状复合浅成侵入体。火山岩与侵入岩在空间上密切共生,形成时间相近,皆为晋宁晚期构造岩浆活动的产物。火山喷发并伴随的岩浆侵入经历了两个阶段,每个阶段的火山岩与侵入岩在岩石类型、岩石化学和地球化学方面具有相似性或一致性,稀土元素分布型式基本一致,说明每个阶段的火山岩与侵入岩来源于同一岩浆源,均是同源岩浆活动的产物。第一阶段上墅组基性火山岩与次坞辉绿岩体起源于亏损程度较低的地幔,或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到陆壳物质的混染;第二阶段上墅组酸性火山岩与道林山碱长花岗岩体可能起源于地壳中既含有基性地壳组分和又含有酸性地壳组分的源区的部分熔融。     

湘南汝城盆地火山岩岩石地球化学及其成因意义

汝城盆地基性火山岩系由辉绿岩、玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩组成，属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系。基性火山岩系具有同一岩浆源区。岩石微量元素出现弱的LILE富集和Ta，Nb，Ti的亏损。强不相容元素比值反映岩浆源区明显偏离原始地幔组分，具有富集型异常地幔岩浆源区特征。岩浆源区同时受到地壳物质混染和来自先前消减残留板片流体或熔体交代的双重改造作用。在陆内拉张构造条件下富集型异常地幔岩浆源区的部分熔融是制约汝城盆地基性火山岩形成的主要因素。     

青藏高原西部措勤县中新世布嘎寺组钾质火山岩成因

通常认为青藏高原新生代钾质、超钾质岩浆源于地幔,但最近的一些研究显示一些钾质火山岩也可以起源于下地壳.青藏高原西部措勤县中新世布嘎寺组火山岩是一套钾质到超钾质的岩石,根据化学组成可以将它们分成中酸性和中基性两组火山岩,它们都属于钾玄岩系列.其中中酸性组火山岩具有一些类似于埃达克质熔体的成分特征,它们可能是拉萨地块下地壳相对富钾的镁铁质物质部分熔融的产物;中基性组火山岩可能起源于一个含金云母的地幔源区,或者是来自该地幔的基性岩浆的分异产物.对中酸性组火山岩高精度的氩-氩同位素定年获得其坪年龄为15.5Ma,证实布嘎寺组火山岩喷发在晚中新世.结合布嘎寺组火山岩的年龄、化学组成和区域构造以及岩浆组合,我们初步认为布嘎寺组火山岩可能与15～20Ma左右构造伸展活动产生的南北向地堑系统有关.     

东准噶尔奥依托浪格地区石炭纪双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文对东准噶尔造山带三塘湖盆地西北缘奥依托浪格地区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组进行了火山岩地质、岩相学、地球化学特征研究,并结合相关年代学成果,探讨了火山岩成因、形成环境与东准噶尔造山带构造演化。研究认为：该区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组火山岩具明显的陆相火山岩、双峰式火山岩特征,岩石组合基性端元以玄武岩为主,酸性端元为珍珠岩、英安岩;主量元素特征显示基性端元为钙碱—碱性性质,酸性端元珍珠岩、英安岩分别属于碱性、拉斑性质;微量元素特征显示基性端元相对富集Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Th、Nb、Nd等高场强元素（HFSE）,酸性端元强烈亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Sm、Ti等元素,富集K元素;稀土元素显示两端元均为轻稀土元素（LREE）相对富集、重稀土元素（HREE）相对亏损特征;珍珠岩主、微量元素特征与整体具有明显差异。综合研究表明：该双峰式火山岩基性端元来源于地幔岩的部分熔融,酸性端元英安岩来源于基性端元的分离结晶作用,珍珠岩则来源于下地壳的部分熔融;地球动力学背景为俯冲洋壳的拆沉作用,造成软流圈热源上涌,引发地幔岩的部分熔融与岩石圈的伸展减薄,进而诱发下地壳镁铁质岩的减压熔融;构造环境为后碰撞伸展阶段晚期,并指示了板块链式缝合的特点。     

内蒙古早二叠纪火山熔岩痕量元素地球化学

本文报道了内蒙古东部早二叠纪火山岩的痕量元素地球化学特征,讨论了该区火山岩的源区特征,结果表明,内蒙古东部早二叠纪火山岩是不同性质组成的地幔不同程度部分熔融的产物。基性熔岩主要是具有亏损地幔性质的E－MORB高度部分熔融的产物,而中酸性火山岩的源区物质具有OIB特征。具有OIB型富集地幔特征的中酸性火山岩的源区可能是循环到地幔与海水发生强烈作用的古洋壳物质。这一结果表明,中晚古生代时期中朝板块与西伯利亚板块拼合后,俯冲到地幔中的古洋壳在早二叠纪以火山作用的方式返回到地壳环境中。     

大兴安岭中生代火山活动构造背景

大兴安岭中生代火山岩主要为高钾粗面质火山岩, 属于一套碱质含量比较高的钙碱性火山岩系, 随时间从酸性向中基性方向演化。其元素地球化学特征和Sr、 Nd 同位素组成揭示火山岩具有壳源和幔源两部分源区特点, 玄武质岩石来源于相对未亏损的地幔, 中酸性火山岩则成因于地壳物质的混染或下地壳的重熔作用, 暗示火山岩的形成与陆内深部软流体上涌引起的壳幔相互作用有关。 此外, 本文还从火山活动中心的迁移,以及东邻洋陆板块之间的相互运动角度,阐述了大兴安岭中生代火山活动与大洋板块的俯冲作用无直接联系。     

滇西"三江"地区高镁钾质火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文报导了位于金沙江-哀牢山断裂带中段6个暗色超基性-基性火山岩的岩石学特征与稀土微量及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学数据,并对其成因和起源条件等进行了讨论。研究表明这6个暗色超基性-基性火山岩属于钾质碱性-钙碱性系列,依SiO₂含量包括超基性、基性(或中基性)岩类。岩石的Mg^#值较高(54.53~79.81),属于高镁火山岩。所有岩石样品具有富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素的特征。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素显示,源区具有具有较明显的Dupal异常和EMⅡ型富集地幔端元的特征。火山岩的岩石学与地球化学一致表明,本区多数暗色基性火山岩具有原生岩浆性质,其成因与富集地幔的部分熔融有关。源区显著的EMII富集地幔端元可能是扬子古陆和古特提斯洋的双向俯冲及俯冲的下地壳物质和古特提斯洋壳沉积物的再循环的物质记录。这套岩石形成于印度-欧亚大陆碰撞后的剪切和拉张构造环境,软流层地幔的上涌与俯冲的古特提斯洋壳沉积物和扬子古陆壳物质的混合,是诱发源区发生部分熔融的主要原因。金沙江-哀牢山断裂带强烈的剪切和拉张,使这些岩浆直接快速喷发至地表,因此形成具有原生岩浆性质的火山岩。     

胶东青山群基性火山岩的Ar-Ar年代学和地球化学特征: 对华北克拉通破坏过程的启示

青山群火山岩是华北克拉通破坏期间最具代表性的地幔或地壳熔融产物,记录了华北深部地质演化的重要信息。本文对胶东青山群基性火山岩进行了40Ar/39Ar定年和岩石地球化学分析,结合前人报道的胶东青山群酸性火山岩资料,发现:(1)基性火山岩喷发年龄为122～113Ma,早于青山群酸性火山岩(110～98Ma);(2)基性和酸性火山岩显示了不同的元素和同位素地球化学特征。岩石成因分析表明,基性火山岩为交代富集地幔部分熔融作用的产物,而酸性火山岩为古老下地壳和中生代底侵岩浆的熔融产物(Ling et al.,2009)。因此,胶东地区青山群火山岩记录了岩浆熔融源区从地幔向下地壳的转变。这与长时间尺度的岩石圈减薄过程中热能由地幔向地壳传递过程相吻合,而不同于地壳拆沉作用所预测的岩浆演化趋势。     

碧口群火山岩性质及形成环境

中元古代—新元古代碧口群火山岩系分布在扬子地块北缘、秦岭造山带南侧。碧口群火山岩系具大陆裂谷火山岩特点,形成于大陆裂谷作用构造环境。火山岩系特征为：① 具双峰式火山岩组合,火山岩系由基性火山岩（细碧岩及细碧质凝灰岩）及酸性火山岩（石英角斑岩及石英角斑质凝灰岩）组成。② 基性火山岩包括两个岩浆系列的岩石,即碱性玄武岩浆系列及拉斑玄武岩浆系列。③ 火山岩富集LREE及LIL。微量元素及同位素（SmNd,RbSr）研究表明,基性火山岩形成于相似于洋岛玄武岩源的地幔柱源,酸性火山岩为地壳重熔的产物。扬子地块北缘分布有碧口群、西乡群等中元古代—新元古代大陆火山岩系,表明在这一时期大陆裂谷拉张火山作用发育,成为秦岭地壳的主要增生成壳期。     

杭州南部新元古代双峰式火山岩的厘定及其构造意义

杭州南部新元古界青白口系上墅组火山岩,由基性岩和酸性岩组成,缺乏SiO2在57×10-2～68×10-2的中性及中酸性成分,构成一套双峰式火山岩组合。基性火山岩与酸性火山岩的稀土元素和微量元素特征存在明显差异,表明酸性火山岩并不是由基性岩浆分离结晶产生,而是分别由不同的源区熔融形成,基性火山岩起源于亏损程度较低的地幔或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到陆壳物质的混染,酸性火山岩主要由上地壳经不同程度的部分熔融而形成,其形成的构造环境为陆内至陆缘张裂环境。上墅组双峰式火山岩的形成,是华南Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的岩石学记录,揭示了华南Rodinia超大陆裂解始于青白口纪。     

The Middle Devonian Bimodal Association of Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Area of East Junggar, Xinjiang

The Middle Devonian volcanic rocks in the northern area of East Junggar, located between the Ertix andUlungur rivers of northern Xinjiang, may be divided into basic and acid ones. It is evident that a compositionalgap exists between the two groups so that the volcanic rocks are not in line with a calc-alkaline series becausethe intermediate rocks are absent in the area. The fact shows that the volcanic rocks are a typical bimodal asso-ciation. The formation of the bimodal association of volcanic rocks in the area was closely related to continen-tal rifting or continental extension in the Middle Devonian. In such a tectonic setting, magmas were first pro-duced by partial melting of the mantle. Where crustal thinning was greater, the magmas ascended and eruptedon the surface directly so that the basic volcanic rocks formed, but olivine and/or partial pyroxenefractionation occurred in the magmas during their ascent through the thinning crust. On the other hand, wherecrustal thinning was less, ascending mantle-derived magmas reached the lower crust and accumulated there, re-sulting in partial melting of the lower crust and thus giving rise to the contaminated magma which was consoli-dated as acid volcanic rocks on the surface.     

西藏比如盆地竟柱山组沉积-火山岩形成环境及构造意义

上白垩统竟柱山组为一套冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系的粗碎屑岩,间夹由英安岩、安山岩、石英粗安岩和流纹岩组成的中酸性火山岩。火山岩呈层状、似层状产出,与碎屑岩均呈整合接触关系。地球化学特征表明,竟柱山组火山岩形成于岛弧构造环境,是挤压背景下地壳增厚熔融的产物。竟柱山组沉积-火山岩的形成环境揭示了比如盆地的性质在晚白垩世已由弧后盆地转换为前陆盆地。     

西天山加满特一带早二叠世乌郎组双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成

西天山加满特一带基性与酸性火山岩在时空上紧密伴生，其SiO2含量分别为41.89%~52.75%和74.79%~78.51%，具 有明显的Daly间断，属于典型的双峰式火山岩组合，其中的基性单元属于碱性系列，酸性单元属于钙碱性系列。对流纹岩 进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年和Hf同位素分析，获得其形成年龄为（294.2±0.8） Ma，属于早二叠世，其εHf(t)为较高的 正值（8.0~17.1），二阶段Hf模式年龄TDM2(Hf)平均值为468 Ma。通过对加满特一带双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征和成因类 型进行探讨，表明其不属于同源岩浆演化成因，其中玄武岩是富集石榴石地幔源区发生了尖晶石相橄榄岩向石榴石相橄榄 岩过渡相部分熔融的产物，流纹岩是亏损地幔源底侵新生地壳部分熔融的产物，二者形成于板内伸展环境。结合区域构造 演化，认为西天山在早二叠世已经进入伸展构造背景。     

北秦岭—南祁连早古生代裂谷造山带火山岩与小洋盆蛇绿岩套特及纬向对比

北秦岭－南祁连位于我国著名巨型纬向造山带的中段,是以寒武－奥陶纪时期为主形成的裂谷造山带,它经历了板内大陆裂谷→陆间裂谷→火山弧→造山带的开合过程。寒武纪拉张形成碱性,拉斑玄武岩系列及小洋盆蛇绿岩套,奥陶纪闭合形成钙碱性与钾玄岩系列中酸性火山岩及火山弧岩套,并见高镁安山岩。南祁连为单裂谷,北秦岭为双裂谷,北秦岭裂谷从东到西,拉张速度和距离变小,闭合速度变大,火山爆发强度及火山岩的酸度,钾量,壳源组分也顺序增大。其拉张距离与红海型相似,而闭合速度近似安第斯型。古地幔以多种类型叠加为特征,曾有过先强烈亏损,后又富集的过程。从大别山－北秦岭－南祁连－柴北缘纬向对比可知．本区的基性与酸性火山岩浆,分别为地幔与地壳部分熔融形成;中性岩主要为基性岩浆AFC作用产物。从东到西,裂谷依次张开,火山喷发时代逐渐变新,拉张速度和距离变大,闭合速度也变大。从而火山岩的碱度变小．蛇绿岩套从无到有。古地幔由DMM 与EMI混源为主,变为DMM与EMⅡ混源为主。     

A Lower Palaeozoic shallow water sequence in the eastern European Variscides (SW Poland): provenance and depositional history

The Gackowa Formation of inferred Cambrian —Ordovician age is part of the metamorphosed pre-Variscan basement of the southern Kaczawa Mountains of the Sudetes region, south-west Poland. Previously variously interpreted as lavas, tuffs and sandstones, it is shown to consist of about 200 m of originally well-sorted siliclastic sedimentary rocks within a sequence of predominantly mafic volcanic rocks. Four facies have been distinguished based on relict sedimentary structures and textures and these suggest that deposition took place on a storm-dominated shelf, mostly above the wave base. The petrography, detrital zircon morphologies and geochemistry suggest affinity with, and derivation in large part from, acid volcanic rocks at a comparable stratigraphic position in a separate tectonostratigraphic unit to the south. The Gackowa Formation and its acid volcanic source rocks have a clear continental geochemical signature, in contrast with the mantle-derived basic/bimodal volcanic rocks below and above; it is suggested that the parent acid magma originated by crustal melting during the ascent of these mantle-derived magmas. A continental crust setting is inferred for the deposition of the Gackowa Formation sandstones, thus suggesting a continental setting for the associated within-plate basalts. The entire volcanic/sedimentary succession resembles elements of the Lower Palaeozoic of Germany, and all may have formed in an initial rift setting during Late Precambrian to Ordovician times.     

Early Paleozoic rifting and bimodal volcanism in the Ossa-Morena Zone of south-west Spain

Lower Paleozoic volcanic members have been investigated by geological, petrographical and geochemical means in a traverse across the Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ) in south-west Spain.The volcanism lasted from the Early Cambrian to the Early Ordovician, with a peak in the Middle Cambrian. The volcanism is bimodal, starting up with acidic and ending with basic compositions. From north to south, peralkaline rhyolites change to rhyolites, and strongly enriched alkali basalts change via transitional basalts to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB-type basalts). The geological and magmatic evolution suggests an extensive Early Paleozoic rifting with its center along the southern boundary of the OMZ. Temporal, spatial and crustal aspects of the rifting event are presented in a geodynamic model.     

大兴安岭嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。测年结果显示嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩形成于127.5Ma的早白垩世晚期。岩石地球化学研究表明,早白垩世晚期火山岩具有双峰式组合特点,基性端员富碱,富含轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Y）,形成于富集的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融和分离结晶作用,形成的过程可能含有少量的陆壳混染。酸性端员显示A型流纹岩的特征,为幔源岩浆底侵,使中下地壳岩石发生部分熔融的成因。双峰式火山岩组合的存在暗示其形成于陆内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上中生代火山岩的空间展布特征,嫩江地区早白垩世晚期双峰式火山岩的形成应与太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲作用有关。     

Comendite-bearing subduction-related volcanic associations in the Khan-Bogd area,southern Mongolia: Geochemical data

The vertical section of volcanic rocks in the Khan-Bogd Late Paleozoic depression, southern Mongolia, in the belt of southern Mongolian Hercynides contains comendites. The basement of the depression is made up of Devonian ophiolites (older than 362 Ma) overlain by volcanic associations of an active continental margin (ACM) (dated at 330 Ma) and a bimodal association (dated at approximately 290 Ma), which is subdivided into a lower unit (BLU), dacites of the intermediate layer (IL), and a bimodal association of the upper unit (BUU). The volcanic associations of the Devonian and ACM are calc-alkaline and poor in TiO₂. The BLU rocks have higher alkalinity and TiO₂ concentrations and show a transition from the tholeiitic to calc-alkaline series in the course of differentiation with the origin of comendites and trachyrhyolites, including those with adakite characteristics. The IL dacites are analogues of calc-alkaline magmas of the ACM type. The BUU volcanic association is composed of tholeiite basalts with moderate Ti concentrations (of the MORB type), comendites, and trachyrhyolites, with a compositional gap at rocks of intermediate composition. The variations in the canonical ratios of incompatible trace elements and petrochemical parameters of the Khan-Bogd volcanic rocks show that their parental magmas were derived mostly from a source of basalts of the arc type (IAB) with the addition of variable proportions of a source of the MORB type. The greatest role of the latter is identified in the magmas of the bimodal association. BLU and BUU are separated by IL, a fact testifying that the bimodal volcanism occurred simultaneously with normal dacite continental-marginal volcanism. Although the geodynamic environments in which volcanic rocks were formed somewhat varied during the development of the Khan-Bogd depression, a subduction environment remained predominant, and the volcanic rocks were derived from an IAB-type source. The subduction volcanic associations produced thereby are differentiated and vary in composition from basites to dacite and rhyolite, which could be formed at the assimilation of continental crustal material (CC). Conceivably, the bimodal volcanic association was generated when the subduction zone was approached by a mid-oceanic ridge, whose material could be added in appreciable amounts to the subduction sources. The volcanic evolution of the Khan-Bogd depression shows an evolution of geodynamic environments and the composition of the volcanic rocks generally resembling those in the western margin of North America in the Cenozoic. The acid BLU and BUU rocks were most probably generated by different mechanisms. The BLU comendites and trachyrhyolites were likely formed by the crystallization differentiation of an arc basite magma of elevated alkalinity. The acid BUU rocks resulted from the anatexis of basites of this association, particularly spilitized ones (as well as any other basites) and the subsequent crystallization differentiation of the anatectic magmas.     

西天山加满特一带早二叠世乌郎组双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成

西天山加满特一带基性与酸性火山岩在时空上紧密伴生,其SiO2含量分别为41.89%~52.75%和74.79%~78.51%,具 有明显的Daly间断,属于典型的双峰式火山岩组合,其中的基性单元属于碱性系列,酸性单元属于钙碱性系列。对流纹岩 进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年和Hf同位素分析,获得其形成年龄为（294.2±0.8） Ma,属于早二叠世,其εHf(t)为较高的 正值（8.0~17.1）,二阶段Hf模式年龄TDM2(Hf)平均值为468 Ma。通过对加满特一带双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征和成因类 型进行探讨,表明其不属于同源岩浆演化成因,其中玄武岩是富集石榴石地幔源区发生了尖晶石相橄榄岩向石榴石相橄榄 岩过渡相部分熔融的产物,流纹岩是亏损地幔源底侵新生地壳部分熔融的产物,二者形成于板内伸展环境。结合区域构造 演化,认为西天山在早二叠世已经进入伸展构造背景。