青海省格尔木市小南川地区昆南构造混杂岩带的物质组成、LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

摘要：在格尔木以南小南川地区测制了一条近s—N向的剖面。通过详细的野外接触关系、露头地质体组成、变形一变质特征观察,结合室内显微结构研究,在小南川昆南构造混杂岩带识别出6种不同的构造岩片．自北往南依次为含斜长角闪岩透镜体绿片岩岩片、块状大理岩岩片、粉砂质板岩岩片、片理化火山碎屑岩岩片、板理化沉凝灰岩岩片和片岩岩片,岩片之间主要以不同性质的脆性或韧性断层接触。对构造混杂岩中的斜长角闪岩和片理化英安岩中的锆石进行了LA—ICP—MSU—Pb同位素测定．获得的年龄分别为1123Ma±1lOMa和499Ma±11Ma。对比分析认为,舍斜长角闪岩透镜体绿片岩岩片与块状大理岩岩片应属于中元古代万保沟群,形成于大陆裂谷环境;粉砂质板岩岩片、片理化火山碎屑岩岩片、板理化沉凝灰岩岩片分别为火山弧及与弧相关的弧前一弧后盆地建造;片岩岩片为增生楔内部的物质。昆南构造混杂岩带的物质组成和年代学研究为细化昆南增生杂岩带的增生一就位过程提供了物质基础和时代限定,进而为昆仑造山带乃至青藏高原北缘的构造过程研究提供了依据。     

南祁连拉脊山口增生楔的结构与组成特征

造山带内增生楔/增生杂岩结构与组成的精细研究可为古洋盆演化和古板块构造格局重建提供最直接证据。北祁连构造带发育多条增生杂岩带,记录了阿拉善和中祁连地块之间原特提斯洋的俯冲和闭合过程,然而南祁连构造带大地构造演化长期存在争议。地质填图结果表明,南祁连构造带拉脊山口地区存在一套强烈片理化的玄武岩、灰黑色和红色硅质岩、砂岩和泥岩组合,它们与一套呈现"块体裹夹于基质"结构特征的混杂岩共同构成了增生杂岩,发育双重逆冲构造、逆冲断层、无根褶皱、紧闭褶皱和透入性面理。该增生杂岩与蛇绿岩之间为断层接触,并位于断层下盘。混杂岩是由斜长花岗岩(561Ma)、斜长岩(507Ma)、辉绿岩、玄武岩、硅质岩和砂岩等外来或原地岩块与浊流成因的细碎屑岩基质共同组成;基质和砂岩块体均发育同沉积构造,呈现出滑塌堆积典型特征。空间上,拉脊山口增生杂岩与上覆蛇绿岩被断层所分割且共同仰冲于中祁连南缘青石坡组浊积岩之上,具有与东侧昂思多地区增生杂岩和蛇绿岩相似的岩石组成、构造变形和时空结构特征。它们与南侧的岛弧带共同构成了南祁连构造带寒武纪-早奥陶世沟-弧体系,指示了寒武纪-早奥陶世时期南祁连洋盆向南俯冲。     

藏北羌塘中部晚古生代增生杂岩的发现及其地质意义

西藏中部羌塘变质岩带发育复理石碎屑建造和片理化玄武岩建造,都经历了强烈的构造置换作用;还发育早—晚古生代大理岩岩片、无根勾状褶皱和大理岩与蓝片岩组成的同斜褶皱,不同时代的榴辉岩呈岩块出露。这些地质体呈岩片产出,经历了多期构造叠加和置换,原岩总体为碎屑岩、泥质岩、硅质岩、碳酸盐岩及枕状玄武岩、辉长岩建造。宏观上发育明显的区域性置换面理,为典型的造山带增生杂岩。     

华北克拉通东北部新太古代晚期地壳生长:来自板石沟表壳岩年代学和Hf同位素的证据

对板石沟表壳岩中的斜长角闪岩和角闪片岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学以及Hf同位素分析,以探讨华北克拉通东北部新太古代晚期的构造环境和地壳演化。板石沟表壳岩主要岩石类型包括斜长角闪岩、斜长片麻岩、角闪片岩和磁铁石英岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示斜长角闪岩(BA-1)岩浆锆石形成于2548±11Ma,绿帘角闪片岩(BA-6)岩浆锆石形成于2548±23Ma,代表了表壳岩的形成时代,在绿帘角闪片岩中识别出3颗年龄为2754±80Ma~2710±92Ma的捕获锆石,表明板石沟地区可能存在新太古代早期岩浆事件。斜长角闪岩和角闪片岩的原岩为玄武质火山岩,微量元素特征指示其形成于岛弧环境。Hf同位素分析结果显示斜长角闪岩εHf(t)为正值(0.29~8.89),单阶段模式年龄(tDM1)分布在2877~2469Ma之间,绿帘角闪片岩多具正的εHf(t)值(-0.78~8.03),tDM1介于2871~2544Ma,表明岩浆主要来源于亏损地幔,伴随少量古老地壳物质的再造,部分tDM1与207Pb/206Pb年龄相近,并同时具有高εHf(t)值的锆石反映板石沟地区新太古代晚期(2550Ma)发生过地壳增生事件。结合其他地区表壳岩研究成果,认为华北克拉通可能存在新太古代吉-辽-冀弧陆碰撞造山带,板石沟地区属于该造山带的一部分。     

北祁连中段加里东俯冲－增生杂岩/火山弧带及其变形特征

分布于北祁连造山带中段的加里东期俯冲－增生杂岩／火山弧带可划分为托莱山俯冲杂岩带和走廊南山增生杂岩／火山弧带两个亚带。前者主要由蛇绿岩、蛇绿混杂岩及深海复理石组成，为古祁连洋俯冲作用后期由于岛弧的阻力在浅部刨铲作用的产物；后者由不完整的蛇绿岩透镜体、高压变质岩、弧火山岩及一些变质碎屑岩等组成，反映古祁连洋不断向北俯冲，火山弧前锋南移，增生杂岩不断增厚且在其下部发生板底垫托作用以及海沟不断向南倒退的复杂演化历史。俯冲－增生杂岩在加里东期共经历三期变形作用（Ｄ＿１、Ｄ＿２、Ｄ＿３）。Ｄ＿１、Ｄ＿２为简单剪切变形机制，反映从Ｎ向Ｓ的逆冲方向。Ｄ＿３为压扁型变形机制，代表走廊南山古岛弧与中祁连地块碰撞时的挤压变形。     

藏北阿索构造混杂岩的发现及其地质意义

在藏北尼玛县西边阿索一带首次发现最宽约14km的阿索构造混杂岩带。该带西宽东窄，呈喇叭状，由复理石岩片、深海硅质岩、泥质岩岩片、蛇纹质岩片、火山岛弧岩片、碳酸盐岩岩片、大陆碎片岩片等组成。其中以复理石岩片为基质包含其它外来构造岩片。阿索构造混杂岩带所包含的蛇绿岩主要岩性单位有：蛇纹岩、辉石岩、英云闪长岩、似层状花斑岩和辉长岩、粒玄岩、辉长辉绿岩、枕状玄武岩、角斑岩、硅质岩、含铁锰粉砂岩、薄层灰岩、浊积岩等，属弧后盆地扩张一消减产物。根据硅质岩中放射虫、复理石岩片中孢粉时代及构造片岩中同位素年龄等资料，该弧后盆地扩张于晚侏罗世、闭合于早白垩世早期。空间上将狮泉河、永珠湖一纳木湖蛇绿岩带相连。     

狮泉河蛇绿混杂岩的非史密斯解析

从非史密斯地层学关于构造岩片的体制观与方法论出发,狮泉河蛇绿混杂岩带可解析为蛇绿岩岩片、硅质岩岩片、复理石岩片、礁灰岩岩片、火山岩岩片、碳酸盐岩片等多个构造岩片类型,基于岩石学与岩石地球化学研究及原始环境恢复和大地构造相划分认为,狮泉河蛇绿混杂岩带代表了一个多岛弧盆体系,其格架类似于太平洋西岸。     

闽西北建瓯马面山俯冲增生杂岩带内斜长角闪岩的地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义

闽西北建瓯马面山俯冲增生杂岩由岩块和基质组成,其中变基性岩岩块有2类不同构造产状的斜长角闪岩:第一类与透辉石岩或大理岩呈似互层状产出;第二类单独呈构造岩块、团块状产于基质中,原岩均为玄武岩类,为幔源岩浆部分熔融的产物。通过元素地球化学特征分析,前者斜长角闪岩原岩为形成于类似洋岛-海山环境的碱性玄武岩;后者斜长角闪岩的原岩分别为岛弧钙碱性玄武岩和洋壳内部初始俯冲背景下前弧环境的MORB-like(类洋中脊)型岛弧拉斑玄武岩。通过锆石测年,前者斜长角闪岩的2组变质年龄为(399±3.5) Ma(MSWD=0.45)、(388±1.8) Ma(MSWD=1.19);后者斜长角闪岩的原岩结晶年龄为(441.8±4.7)Ma(MSWD=0.32),变质年龄为(411±19)Ma(MSWD=0.095)。通过对马面山俯冲增生杂岩带内发育的在空间上共生的斜长角闪岩类研究,其原岩形成于洋岛、前弧和岛弧等环境,结合锆石年龄和前人研究成果,认为华夏地块内部闽西北、浙西南一带发育早古生代末-晚古生代初的洋壳俯冲-弧陆碰撞(增生)造山作用。     

狮泉河蛇绿混杂岩的非史密斯解析

从非史密斯地层学关于构造岩片的体制观与方法论出发,狮泉河蛇绿混杂岩带可解析为蛇绿岩岩片、硅质岩岩片、复理石岩片、礁灰岩岩片、火山岩岩片、碳酸盐岩片等多个构造岩片类型,基于岩石学与岩石地球化学研究及原始环境恢复和大地构造相划分认为,狮泉河蛇绿混杂岩带代表了一个多岛弧盆体系,其格架类似于太平洋西岸。     

新疆东天山长城系库如克岩组的建立及地质意义

新疆东天山腹地前寒武纪变质岩带,前人划为星星峡群.经1∶5万区调查明为黑云母斜长片麻岩类、斜长角闪岩类、二长片麻岩类,基本没有混合岩化叠加,其原岩为双峰式火山岩-碎屑岩建造,与星星峡群岩石组合有很大区别,故新建库如克岩组.其斜长角闪岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(1 493±35) Ma,为长城纪,构造环境属古陆增生带拉张环境.     

西昆仑造山带复式增生楔的构造特征与演化

通过对西昆仑古生代主剪切带和早中生代增生楔杂岩剖面中的组成与构造等特征，西昆仑早古生代和晚古生代一早中生代两次向南的增生造山作用及其增生楔的组成与构造演化进行系统研究，探讨增生楔杂岩在大陆造山带及其对大陆侧向增生的意义。     

内蒙古莫力达瓦旗哈达阳绿泥石白云母构造片岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

嫩江—黑河构造带地处松嫩地块与兴安地块的结合部位,一直以来是业内学者关注的焦点。在构造带内内蒙古莫力达瓦旗哈达阳一带野外实地调研过程中,发现一套变质变形程度与周围地质体差异很大的地层。岩石组合为绿泥石白云母构造片岩、二云母微晶片岩、黝帘白云糜棱片岩等。采用LA-ICP-MS技术获得的绿泥石白云母构造片岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为413.9Ma±2.7Ma。通过分析区域地质演化历史及不同时代地质体特征,认为沿红山梁—哈达阳—依克特一带存在一条构造混杂堆积岩带,这套强变形岩石应为构造混杂岩带的一部分,其原岩形成时代为早泥盆世,后期构造定位应与嫩江—黑河构造带最后于早石炭世末拼合作用有关。     

西昆仑甜水海地块大红柳滩铁矿床成因浅析及找矿意义

位于西昆仑甜水海地块东段的大红柳滩赤铁矿是近几年发现的大型铁矿床,产于震旦纪甜水海岩群滨浅海相浅变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩中,赋矿岩性主要为含铁白云质大理岩、白云母石英片岩和硬绿泥石白云母石英片岩。通过矿体形态特征、矿物组合和矿石结构构造分析,认为该时期存在缺氧富铁洋盆或者深水盆地,矿床的形成经历了铁质沉积和变质改造两个阶段,属于新元古代沉积变质成因条带状硅铁建造矿床(BIF),找矿潜力巨大。该矿床是继塔什库尔干县一带发现了多个与火山岩建造密切相关的大型规模Algoma型BIF之后的重大找矿突破,也是西昆仑地区首次发现该类型矿床。深入开展该矿床的地质特征及勘探工作,能够指导西昆仑铁矿的下一步找矿方向,推进新疆地区条带状含铁建造(BIF)研究和西昆仑构造格局演化的认识。     

羌塘中部高压变质带的形成过程

羌塘中部高压变质带由榴辉岩、石榴石白云母片岩和蓝片岩等组成,与蛇绿混杂岩、晚古生代浅变质地层岩片等共同构成了龙木错-双湖板块缝合带这一构造混杂岩带,是伴随古特提斯洋闭合的深俯冲作用及后期构造作用的产物。通过对其野外地质特征、不同岩石类型岩石学、矿物学以及同位素年代学等的研究,确认榴辉岩和石榴石白云母片岩在早期分别经历了各自的形成过程,在榴辉岩形成之后的折返过程中二者共同构成了高压变质带,并且在折返过程中榴辉岩发生蓝片岩相退变质作用,同时导致了带内蓝片岩的形成。同位素年代学研究结果表明,龙木错-双湖板块缝合带闭合过程中的榴辉岩相变质作用发生于240Ma左右,折返过程中的蓝片岩相退变质作用及蓝片岩的形成应在220～200Ma,高压变质带最终在214Ma之前抬升出露地表。     

Discovery and Geological Significance of Neoproterozoic Metamorphic Granite in Jimo, Shandong Province, Eastern China

During the 1:50000 regional geological survey in Jimo,east Shandong Province,Paleoproterozoic metamorphic supracrustal rocks and Neoproterozoic metamorphic plutonite were newly discovered. These rocks displayed inclusions which had occurred in the Mesozoic granite,and the main lithologies are schist,granulite,marble,and granitic gneiss. Geochemical analyses suggest that Neoproterozoic metamorphic plutonite are characterized by high-K,metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. They are enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE,with moderately enrichment of LREE,weak fractionation of LREE from HREE and negative Eu anomalies. The surface age of plutonic rocks in the survey area is 770.2±2.4 Ma,representing the age of magma crystallization,which is agreement with the the Neoproterozoic magmatic event after Rodinia supercontinent in the northern margin of Southern China continental block. In addition,the age of sporadic distribution(298 Ma and 269 Ma) is mixed zircon age,representing the rocks experienced metamorphism in Indosinian period. According to the associated mineral assemblages,and the characteristic metamorphic minerals and temperature pressure conditions,four metamorphic facies were identified,including amphibolitic,epidote amphibolite,greenschist,and mid-high pressure greenschist. Analysis of tectonic setting suggests that granitic gneiss is formed in an extensional environment and was involved from the continental margin magmatic arc to intraplate environment. Jimo is distributed in the east of Zhuwu fault,and has the same Spatial distribution location with the Weihai uplift UHP metamorphic belt rocks. The metamorphic rocks in Jimo area have similar geochemical characteristics of elements,tectonic setting and retrograde metamorphism with that in the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt. Therefore,Zhuwu fault may be the boundary fault of Sulu UHP metamorphic belt.     

东昆仑南缘西大滩混杂堆积

<正> 西大滩混杂堆积,出露于东昆仑中段南缘,青藏公路的西大滩南侧之煤矿沟(图1)。秦德余、李光岑1976年首次认为是混杂岩,但未做描述。青海区调一队四分队在填图时也注意了这一现象。笔者根据他们提供的线索,对该混杂堆积进行了观察和描述。 根据野外收集的实际资料,笔者认为西大滩混杂堆积是滑塌混杂堆积,它向东、西延伸而为混杂堆积带,依混杂岩块的岩性种类及空间分布关系,由南到北可划分三个混杂堆积层,三层在成因上互有联系。     

Early‐Middle Paleozoic Andes‐type Continental Margin in the Chifeng Area,Inner Mongolia: Framework,Geochronology and Geochemistry and Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Three tectonic units have been recognized in the Chifeng area, Inner Mongolia, from north to south, including the Qiganmiao accretionary prism, Jiefangyingzi arc belt and Sidaozhangpeng molasse basin, which formed an Andeantype active continent margin during the early to middle Paleozoic. The Qiganmiao accretionary prism is characterized by a mélange that consists of gabbro, two-mica quartz schist and basic volcanic rock blocks and heterogeneously deformed marble matrix. Two zircon U-Pb ages of 446.0±6.3 Ma and 1104±27 Ma have been acquired and been interpreted as the metamorphic and forming ages for the gabbro and two-mica quartz schist, respectively. The prism formed during the early to middle Paleozoic southward subduction of the Paleo Asian Ocean(PAO) and represents a suture between the North China craton(NCC) and Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). The Jiefangyingzi arc belt consists of pluton complex and volcanic rocks of the Xibiehe and Badangshan Formations, and Geochronology analysis indicates that the development of it can be divided into two stages. The first stage is represented by the Xibiehe Formation volcanic rocks, which belong to the subalkaline series, enriched LREE and LILE and depleted HFSE, with negative Eu anomalies, and plot in the volcanic arc field in discrimination diagrams. These characters indicate that the Xibiehe Formation results from to the continental arc magmatic activity related to the subduction of the PAO during 400–420 Ma. Magmatism of the second stage in 380–390 Ma consists of the Badangshan Formation volcanic rocks. Geochemistry analysis reveals that rhyolite, basaltic andesite and basalt of the Badangshan Formation were developed in continental margin arc setting. Moreover, the basaltic andesite and basalt display positive Sr anomalies, and the basalt have very low Nb/La values, suggesting that fluid is involved in magma evolution and the basalts were contaminated by continental crust. The sequence of Sidaozhangpeng molasse basin is characterized by proximity, coarseness and large thickness, similar to the proximity molasses basin. According to our field investigation, geochronological and geochemical data, combined with previous research in this area, a tectonic evolutionary model for Andes-type active continental margin of the CAOB has been proposed, including a development of the subduction-free PAO before 446 Ma, a subduction of the PAO and arc-related magmatism during 446–380 Ma, and formation of a molasse basin during 380–360 Ma.     

THE ROCK ASSOCIATION IN JINSHAJIANG MELANGE BELT

THE ROCK ASSOCIATION IN JINSHAJIANG MELANGE BELT