国产7502型ICP—AES光量计在地质样品分析中的试用

我们试用了北京第二光学仪器厂新近研制成功的7502型TCP—AES光量计。用于地质样品分析,进行了硅酸盐类样品中24个元素的同时测定。对该仪器的计算机软件提出了较大的修改,使其能适应于各种类型样品分析。实验结果表明,该仪器在检出限、精确度方面都达到或超过国外同类仪器的水平。这标志着我国的大型精密仪器已跨入世界仪器制造业的先进行列。我们很高兴地向国内的主管部门和同行们推荐该新产品。 本工作仅对硅酸盐类样品进行测试。采用HF、HClO_4,王水分解样品。同时测定Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、Co、Ni、V、Ti、Mn、Cr、Ba、Sr、P、Pb、Cu、Zn、Nb、Zr、Bi、Mo、Y、Yb、Ce、La24个元素。由于该仪器没有光谱移位背景扣除装置,不能进行动态背景校正。但通过软件中的元素干扰校     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

硅酸盐岩石的分解方法

硅酸盐样品的分解方法历来是分析工作者十分关注并且不断探索的课题。硅酸盐分析发展的历史告诉我们:伴随着新的分解方法的出现,必然会诞生新的分析流程,推动硅酸盐分析向着更加准确、快速和经济的方向前进。本文拟对硅酸盐样品常用的分解方法作一综述。     

熔融法X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸岩中30个主、痕量元素

X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)是进行地质样品多元素分析的有效手段。有人已用XRF法对六个BCS和五个PRE标样定值;也有用它分析硅酸盐类样品中主要成份。     

ICP发射光谱法测定硅酸盐岩石中主要元素

本文叙述了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定硅酸盐岩石中的主要元素的分析方法及结果。我国ICP-AES对痕量分析工作已广泛开展,但在硅酸盐主要元素分析方面如何发挥仪器潜力的报导并不多。本文的目的是提供一个同时测定硅酸盐岩石及类似样品的十种主要元素的方法及结果。方法的精密度和准确度均能满足地球化学工作的要求。 实验部分 光谱仪及工作条件     

石陨石化学全分析

石陨石通常是由镁铁质硅酸盐、硫化物、铁镍纹石所组成。本文以硅酸盐岩石全分析方案为基础,结合原子吸收快速,准确的特点,拟出了石陨石全分析的方案。应用比方案对湖北随县陨石雨样品的分析取得了满意的结果。 仪器与试剂 日立220A型分光光度计 日立180-70型原子吸收分光光度计 试剂均为优级纯或分析纯 实验部分 一、样品加工 石陨石的组成与地球上一般的岩石很不相同,因此制样过程中应作特殊处理。过去常将样品分选为磁性矿物和非磁性矿物,分析时按比例称取磁性和非磁性两部分样品或者是分别分析磁性和非磁性两部分样品。资料介绍了不经分选的样品加工方     

中国花岗岩类化学元素丰度及特征

在全国范围内 750个有代表性的大中花岗岩类岩体上,采集了 6 080件样品,组合成 768件组合样.所有样品完全采用无污染加工方案进行加工和制备.选用了以电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS)、仪器中子活化和 X射线荧光光谱为主的多种先进的分析方法对这些花岗岩类样品进行了分析测试,实测元素近 70种.使用国家一级地球化学标准物质和重复测试样品进行质量监控,确保了分析数据的准确性和可靠性.依据这些实测分析数据,计算并提出了中国花岗岩类和不同构造单元、不同时代花岗岩类的近 70种化学元素或成分的丰度,探讨了中国花岗岩类和不同构造单元、不同时代花岗岩类元素丰度的特征.     

ICP发射光谱法测定硅酸盐岩石中主要元素

本文叙述了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定硅酸盐岩石中的主要元素的分析方法及结果。我国ICP-AES对痕量分析工作已广泛开展,但在硅酸盐主要元素分析方面如何发挥仪器潜力的报导并不多。本文的目的是提供一个同时测定硅酸盐     

新型铀含量测试仪的研制及应用

主要介绍了新研制的铀含量测试仪及其在铀矿样品分析中的应用。仪器包括β射线探头、γ射线探头和信号处理电路等硬件部分以及数据采集分析软件。该仪器系统依据β-γ法测铀原理,通过同时测量样品产生的β射线和γ射线获得铀含量。仪器操作简单,分析样品速度快。实验结果表明,该仪器的测量结果与化学分析结果之间的误差符合铀矿山企业的要求。     

黄绿色松脂岩玉的宝石学特征

近期,笔者在检测中见到一批黄绿色玉石原石样品,外观呈油脂光泽、黄绿色,可见白色斑点,外形似软玉。为查明其成分,经客户同意后对样品进行切磨抛光。利用宝石显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、红外光谱仪等仪器进行了测试分析以及岩石薄片分析。宝石显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、红外光谱仪的结果分析,很容易将结果误判为长石质玉,岩石薄片分析表明该样品基质由火山玻璃组成,含微斜长石以及石英斑晶,属于花岗岩类的松脂岩,根据国标应定名为松脂岩玉。     

采用新型手持式光度计检测天然水中痕量铀

利用自行研制的高灵敏度手持式光度计对环境水样中的痕量铀进行了分析测定,讨论了波长、pH值、显色剂等主要因素对分析结果的影响,建立了应用手持式光度计进行环境水样中痕量铀测定的新方法。实验结果表明,与普通分光光度计相比,本方法具有仪器简单小巧,功耗低,灵敏度高,精密度好等特点。方法的检出限为0．05μg／L,线性范围为0．05～100μg／L,应用于自来水、湖水、河水、矿泉水和尾矿坝水样中痕量铀的测定,相对标准偏差为RSD=1．04％～2．78％（n=3）,加标回收率为95．7％～100．4％。     

适用于多年冻土区具有碳通量自动观测性能的OTC系统开发设计

在现有的OTC内碳通量观测仪器设备基础上, 设计开发出一套以AT89S51单片机为控制核心, 通过L293D控制电机正反转控制箱盖定时开关, 实现了多年冻土区OTC内碳通量自动观测. 观测主体箱用透明采光性良好的玻璃纤维材料制成, 电机传动采用齿轮传动, 箱口和箱盖接触地方用橡胶密封圈包裹, 防止箱盖密闭时漏气. OTC内碳通量自动观测仪最大可能性的减小了当前模拟增温条件下碳通量观测受自然条件和人为因素的影响, 极大的降低观测费用, 提高了数据的连续性, 基本上实现了多年冻土区模拟增温条件下碳通量较为精确地自动、连续观测. 试验表明: 在气象条件相对较好的2013年5月15日, OTC内碳通量自动观测仪观测结果和传统OTC内利用LI-COR6400观测结果规律性都较强, 野点较少, 二者相关性显著(R²=0.96); 而在气象条件相对较差的2013年9月1日, OTC内碳通量自动观测仪观测结果受外界干扰小, 观测结果规律性强, 野点较少; 而传统OTC内利用LI-COR6400 观测结果规律性较差, 野点较多, 数据可信度不高, 二者观测结果相关性不显著(R²=0.67).     

The Bulk Analysis of Silicate Rocks by Portable X-Ray Fluorescence: Effect of Sample Mineralogy in Relation to the Size of the Excited Volume

This paper examines the limitations arising from sample mineralogy when a portable X-ray fluorescence instrument is applied to the direct in situ analysis of silicate rocks. Estimates were made of the size of the excited volume from which the X-ray fluorescence signal originates by calculating the critical penetration depth for selected X-ray lines. Measurements were made of the variations in detected intensities over the area of the P-XRF analyser window and showed that, using radioisotope sources incorporated in the instrument used in this study (Spectrace TN9000), excitation intensities were six to ten times greater at the centre compared to the edge of the analyser window. These data indicated that the region of the sample at the centre of the window will make an enhanced contribution to detected spectra. Replicate measurements on slabs of rock selected to represent fine-to coarse-grain size textures indicated the magnitude of the sampling precision that can be achieved in the direct analysis of silicate rocks. Typical values were better than 5% relative standard deviation of the mean from an average of five determinations on fine- to medium-grained rocks and better than 10 % relative standard deviation in a single determination on these samples.     

微机化交流电阻率仪及其应用

本文给出了交流电阻率仪的设计原理框图,讨论了同步检测技术及其特点,介绍了仪器系统压制干扰的室内测试结果和野外实验结果,指出了该仪器的应用及开发远景。     

WLD-4C型光电直读光谱仪的开发与应用

报道了北京现代瑞利仪器有限责任公司研制的具有完全自主知识产权的新一代光电直读光谱分析仪(WLD-4C型)。对仪器的机械系统、电器系统、激发光源及计算机软件等作了重大改进,其专有技术保证了仪器的优良性能,与同类仪器相比具有较高的性能价格比,可广泛应用于冶金、机械制造、质检等行业的多种合金的化学成分的分析。重点阐述了仪器结构、工作原理、主要参数、分析性能以及主要特点。     

微机数控旋转流变仪的设计

微机数控旋转流变仪是一种泥浆流变参数微机智能检测仪器。介绍了其工作原理、性能指标和特点,以及硬件、传感器设计和软件功能设计。     

简易纵剖面仪及其在岩体结构面粗糙度系数研究中的应用

本文介绍了自制简易纵剖面仪的基本原理、主要部件及其操作要点。简易纵剖面仪具有原理简单、设备轻便、操作简便、实用效果好且速度快等优点。用简易纵剖面仪可快速绘制大量结构面表面轮廓曲线,以便进行JRC统计分析和结构面抗剪强度的统计估算,克服了由于样本数少而估算结果代表性差的缺陷;还可以从统计角度研究结构面JRC和抗剪强度的尺寸效应、各质异性和各向异性等问题,为客观地综合评价岩体结构面抗剪强度提供可靠依据。文末根据实用效果指出简易纵剖面仪在工程实践中的广阔应用前景。     

The C-II ring laser project

The intensive use of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), as well as Satellite and Lunar Laser Ranging (SLR, LLR) and the GPS-System allows for a precise monitoring of the current variations in earth rotation. The precision for the VLBI-system is as high as one part in 10⁹ for a 24 hour measurement campaign. Since all these techniques are based on external reference frames, it is desirable to develop inertial sensors to the same resolution. Ring laser gyroscopes have the potential to be used for that purpose. The basic idea is to scale up the area surrounded by the two counter-rotating laser beams in order to gain higher sensitivity for the instrument with respect to the rotation rate. The Canterbury Ring Laser (C-I) consisting of a square of area 0.755 m² has shown that ring lasers with a perimeter more than 60 cm are possible, in that the occurrence of more than one longitudinal mode of operation could be avoided by reducing the power of the circulating beams (Bilger et al., 1993). The next instrument C-II with an area of 1 m² demonstrated many of the mechanical requirements for a stable instrument. It was constructed from a monolithic block of Zerodur, so that the size of the area does not change under temperature variations. A successfully built prototype for a large ring (G0) finally proved that it is possible to build a ring laser gyroscope with at least 14 m length of cavity (Rowe et al., 1999). This means that most of the demands for a highly sensitive inertial earth rotation sensor are met. On this basis a high resolution and highly stable instrument, suitable for geophysical applications, can be constructed.     

路基压实质量快速监测仪器研制

根据瞬态瑞利波原理,研制路基压实质量快速监测仪器,探讨了仪器研制的关键技术,通过1 000多组对比试验,建立了地基系数K30和瑞利波波速RV的数学关系式。该仪器具有准确、快速、轻便的特点,可以替代K30、压实度等试验。     

The construction and development of SHRIMP I: An historical outline

In 1973 Bill Compston advocated the building of an ion microprobe at the Research School of Earth Sciences (RSES) at the Australian National University (ANU). The commercial ion probes available at this time were too small to have sufficient sensitivity for trace element analysis and too low in mass resolution to avoid molecular interferences. The project commenced in 1974 with the appointment of a former ANU PhD student Steve Clement who had expertise in beam transport theory. To achieve high sensitivity and high mass resolution, beam transport theory indicated that a much larger magnet than in any commercially available mass spectrometer would be required. Clement chose an ion optical design, by Professor Matsuda of Osaka University in 1974, which had the required combination of high mass resolution and high transmission. Clement's job was to produce the detailed scientific designs and machine drawings for the new instrument as well as testing the completed instrument. Clement coined the term SHRIMP-Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe. By the end of 1977 nearly all the components had been manufactured and the big electromagnet had been successfully tested. In the following year the secondary mass analyzer was assembled and tested using a thermal ionization source and showed great promise with flat-topped peaks at 5000 resolution and 50% transmission with 50 V energy spread. At this stage the machine had far exceeded the specifications for the available commercial ion probes. Continued development during 1981 to the point where the original design specifications were fully realized was time consuming since learning how to use the entirely novel instrument was no simple task; no one else had an instrument like SHRIMP. The application of the instrument to zircon U–Pb geochronology established the necessary operating conditions for measuring Pb isotopic compositions and the elemental ratios Pb/U and U/Zr from 20 μm diameter spots on single zircon grains. Application of this in the early 1980s started a revolution in Precambrian geology by the ability to produce rapidly accurate and precise age determinations on structurally complex zircon samples.