吉林省基本气象业务现状分析及思考

基本气象业务是相对于气象部门开展的气象服务和科技产业而言的气象业务,它主要包括大气探测业务、气象预报服务、气象信息网络业务、科研和气象业务现代化建设,是气象部门进行的主要业务工作。基本气象业务工作做得好与否直接关系到气象部门生存、社会地位提高和自身发展。因此,加强基本气象业务建设及其管理始终是气象部门的生命线工程。一吉林省基本气象业务的现状（一）大气探测业务我省的大气探测业务主要有地面气象观测、高空气象观测、农业气象观测、雷达测雨、气象卫星遥感和特种观测。１地面气象观测。我省共有地面气象观测站５３…     

区局推出科技项目管理新举措

为了促进气象科技进步 ,加快科技成果向业务和服务转化 ,提高我区气象业务现代化建设和气象服务水平 ,作为气象科技创新的一项具体举措 ,自治区气象局党组决定设立和启动气象业务应用开发项目 ,并制定了具体管理办法 ,已开始组织实施。气象业务应用开发项目主要是针对气象业务与现代化建设中急需解决的有关业务技术问题 ,由区局设立专项资金支持 ,其与气象科学研究课题区别对待 ,分类管理。气象业务应用开发项目是由区局发布业务应用开发项目需求征集书 ,由各盟市气象局和直属业务单位即项目应用单位提出具体业务需求。对经研究论证确定的开…     

县级气象综合业务工作平台本地化

根据县级气象综合业务工作平台建设的需求,以县级气象综合业务工作平台为基础,从县级气象业务工作实际出发,利用Visual Basic 6.0程序语言编程,研制出辽宁省县级气象综合业务工作平台本地化软件,并投入县级气象综合业务应用。经业务运行表明,软件的开发和使用,达到了实时业务系统高效运行的目的,使县级气象业务向集约化方向发展。     

上海一体化气象业务平台质量管理体系 建设及思考

正上海作为全国率先实现气象现代化试点单位,建立了以一体化气象业务平台为核心的现代气象业务体系。为了提高一体化气象业务平台的运行和管理效率,防控业务风险,借鉴国际质量管理体系先进理念,开展了针对一体化气象业务平     

蓬勃发展的新疆气象业务：新疆气象业务发展20年的回顾与展望

改革开放20年来,新疆气象事业以社会经济发展对气象服务的需求为牵引力,以科学技术进步为推动力,始终不渝地坚持气象现代化建设,使新疆的气象业务建设取得了重大成就,走上了一个新的发展阶段。本文从构成气象业务4大功能块的角度回顾近20年来新疆气象业务的发展状况,并对未来的发展方向作一展望。叉污回气象业务的构成、作用和地位新疆气象业务按功能划分由4大系统构成,即：大气探测系统、气象通信系统、天气预报和气候业务系统、气象产品形成及对外服务系统。它们在整个气象业务这个信息系统中分别承担着气象信息采集。气象信息传输…     

华云信息技术工程有限公司主营业务简介

正华云信息技术工程有限公司(以下简称"华信公司")主营业务以气象业务软件产品研发、系统集成与运维服务、气象信息增值服务为三大线。ü气象业务软件产品研发华信公司的软件业务为3+2模式,以气象大数据平台、气象通信平台和监控平台为依托,在这三个基础平台之上构建两类业务系统,预报类(包括人工影响天气业务系统、精细化预报业务系统)业务系统和数据可视化共享业务系统(包括气象业务内网系统和气象一体化业务系统)。     

广西气象业务现代化建设的进展

广西气象业务现代化设建起步较迟,但近几年来,区局党组为了加快气象现代化建设进程,把抓气象业务现代化建设看成是提高气象业务、服务质量和服务能力,进而提高服务效益的必由之路,看成是坚持十一届三中全会以来气象工作的新路子,较好地统一了全区气象干部职工的思想,提高了大家抓气象业务现代化建设的认识,因此,各级领导能较自觉地把气象业务现代化建设纳入     

榆林市现代气象业务体系建设思路初探

本文简要分析了现代气象业务体系建设的基本要求和榆林经济社会发展对气象服务的主要需求,确立榆林现代气象业务体系是建设特色气象业务体系,指出当前发展气象事业的重点是加强软实力建设和应用气象研究,并提出建设榆林现代气象业务体系的项目、重点、方法等。     

探讨科研与业务的结合促进开放式研究型业务建设

本文应用科学技术哲学原理,结合当前气象科研与业务工作实际,从分析科研与业务的基本特征出发,探讨了气象研究型业务的基本属性和建设气象研究型业务的可能性,提出了建设气象研究型业务的方式、途径和几点思路。     

山西省气象通信业务现状与今后业务调整意见

山西省气象通信业务现状与今后业务调整意见＠朱来昌＠朱喜林￥山西省气象局山西省气象通信业务现状与今后业务调整意见朱来昌朱喜林（山西省气象局０３０００２）气象业务的各个环节都离不开气象信息网络系统。客观反映和分析我省气象信息网络的现状，适时地调整气象通信路由业...     

Sensitivity Studies for Monitoring Tropospheric Ozone from Space Using the Ultraviolet,Visible,and Polarization Bands

The authors analyzed the retrieval sensitivity of tropospheric ozone using simulated the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 （GOME-2） measurements. The retrieval sensitivity was evaluated by the degree of free- dom for signal （DFS）. The combination of the ultraviolet （UV）, UV polarization （UVPOL）, and visible （VIS） bands enhances DFS of tropospheric ozone and improves the vertical resolution of the retrieved ozone profile. UVPOL reduces the dependence on solar zenith angle, mainly in- creases the sensitivity in upper troposphere. Polarization increased the DFS by 20% on the eastern side of the GOME-2 orbit, with little improvement on the western side because the increase in DFS due to polarization is depend- ent on the relative azimuth angle. The inclusion of the visi- ble band reduces significantly the dependence on viewing geometry, and mainly increases the DFS in the lower tro- posphere （0-6 kin） by a factor of two. It was possible to retrieve several independent pieces of tropospheric ozone information from GOME-2 UV/UVPOL/VIS measure- ments, especially in the lower troposphere.     

Evaluation of the impact of observations on blended sea surface winds in a two-dimensional variational scheme using degrees of freedom

This paper presents an evaluation of the observational impacts on blended sea surface winds from a two-dimensional variational data assimilation (2D-Var) scheme. We begin by briefly introducing the analysis sensitivity with respect to observations in variational data assimilation systems and its relationship with the degrees of freedom for signal (DFS), and then the DFS concept is applied to the 2D-Var sea surface wind blending scheme. Two methods, a priori and a posteriori, are used to estimate the DFS of the zonal (u) and meridional (v) components of winds in the 2D-Var blending scheme. The a posteriori method can obtain almost the same results as the a priori method. Because only by-products of the blending scheme are used for the a posteriori method, the computation time is reduced significantly. The magnitude of the DFS is critically related to the observational and background error statistics. Changing the observational and background error variances can affect the DFS value. Because the observation error variances are assumed to be uniform, the observational influence at each observational location is related to the background error variance, and the observations located at the place where there are larger background error variances have larger influences. The average observational influence of u and v with respect to the analysis is about 40%, implying that the background influence with respect to the analysis is about 60%.     

星载双频风场雷达热带气旋降雨区测风模拟

基于大气辐射传输理论分别建立Ku波段和C波段的降雨模型,模拟热带气旋降雨区洋面的雷达回波并反演了洋面10 m风场,用于研究降雨对测风的影响以及风云三号双频风场雷达 (WFR) 的测风能力。分析表明:回波的衰减或增强取决于降雨衰减项和后向散射项的相对大小;热带气旋的降雨使反演风速偏小,风向精度降低,Ku波段相对于C波段更易受影响,在高风速 (超过30 m·s-1) 条件下,可达5~20 m·s-1的负风速偏差。反演结果表明:双频反演的新方法能够结合Ku波段与C波段的优势,双频最大似然估计 (MLE) 方法在分辨率上优于C波段单频反演,相对Ku单频反演能降低降雨对测风的衰减作用,结合双频MLE方法和C波段单频反演优势的分区反演方法可以显著减小降雨偏差,提高风速反演精度,在有风云三号湿度计同步观测的条件下,是提高热带气旋降雨区测风精度的有效手段。     

Synoptic variability of the thermodynamical state of Rybinsk Reservoir water masses

Presented is a brief characteristic of structurally new grid-box mathematical model for calculation of characteristics of hydrological regime of reservoirs of any size and residence time, morphological class and hydroeconomic purpose, with time resolution of 24 h and depth increment of 1 m. Presented are the results of its verification, as well as the fragments of results of diagnostic calculation of changes in vertical distribution of temperature, mineralization, and discharges of katabatic, density, wind drift and compensated flows in separate segments of four reaches of the Rybinsk Reservoir in case of weather changing for all seasons of two years with extreme flow.     

气象台站历史沿革信息及其对观测资料序列均一性影响的初步分析

气象台站历史沿革信息包含了可能影响气候资料序列均一性的重要信息, 是分析、检验、订正气候资料序列的科学参考依据。文章介绍了气象台站历史沿革信息的基本内容及我国气象台站变动的基本情况, 通过对气象观测资料比较分析, 说明台站迁移、环境变化、观测仪器类型以及观测时制改变, 直接影响到观测记录的比较性和连续性, 对长年代气候资料序列的均一性也有不同程度的影响。     

Climate change estimates for the regions of Russia in the 20th century and in the beginning of the 21st century based on the observational data

Compared are the estimates or regional changes in temperature and precipitation on the territory of Russia for two methods of the spatial averaging of meteorological station data, one of which is adapted to the sparse observational network and takes account of the station weights proportional to the area of their influence. Considered are several variants of the zoning with the separation of the different number of regions. Formulated is a criterion of the zoning adequacy to the problem of the revelation and analysis of regional climate changes. Estimated is the representativeness of the network of observations of temperature and precipitation for separate regions. Presented are the estimates of regional trends of air temperature and precipitation for the century interval and for the recent decades obtained on the basis of the full archive of available data for the zoning attached to the administrative division of the Russian Federation into the federal districts.     

正压大气有利发展扰动型与遥相关型的建立

本文讨论了夏季纬向不对称气候平均流下通过正压大气内部动力过程建立遥相关型的问题。首先详细描述和讨论了有利发展扰动型的概念及其计算方法。作为对比，对正规模不稳定进行了分析。结果表明，正规模的不稳定增长率很小，难以用于解释遥相关型的发展。而有利发展扰动型的计算分析表明，最有利发展的那些扰动型的振幅增长率同实际大气遥相关型的增长率相一致，并且这些有利发展扰动型都将演变为同实际大气相一致的遥相关型结构。从而提出了，至少部分实际大气遥相关型可以不依赖于异常外源强迫，而仅依赖于大气内部的正压过程即能量转换过程而建立起来。     

Long-term variability of sea surface temperature in the coastal zone of northeastern part of the black sea in spring and autumn

Within the frameworks of the presented model, the beginning of the spring and autumn hydrological seasons depends on the temperature regime of air flows in the region under investigation. As compared with the standard procedure of season determination, this model is more flexible in taking account of the probabilistic nature of the time of the beginning of hydrological seasons and variations of their duration. It ensures a higher reliability of estimates of thermal surface water properties and analysis of their evolution within the seasons and annual cycles. A considerable irregularity in the time of the beginning of spring and autumn seasons and a possibility of significant fluctuations of their duration changes the estimation of thermal surface water conditions so considerably that the initial (calendar) model can be no longer considered as the source of reliable information.     

Analysis of formation and forecast of spring snowmelt flood runoff in forest and forest-steppe basins of Siberian rivers

Popov’s infiltration-capacitive model of the spring runoff, including the computation of the runoff losses due to evaporation in the period of snow melting and losses due to evaporation and absorption in the period of exhaustion of the sheet inflow into the channel net, is used. Equations to forecast the spring snowmelt flood runoff, taking account of the frozen soil melting, are derived. The method of estimation of their parameters on the base of the joint use of linear regression and optimization methods is realized. It is demonstrated that factors of the autumn moistening and freezing of soils of basins in the beginning of winter influence the spring runoff losses. The integrated index of the initial state of the basin, taking account of mentioned factors, is proposed.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.