重磁电联合反演在银—额盆地勘探中的应用

依据大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果初步确定构造与地层,通过综合分析区内物性特征给定地层与岩石的物性参数,建立正演地质—地球物理初始模型,在地质、钻井、地震资料约束下进行重磁电联合反演,不断修改地质—地球物理模型和大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果,使重磁正演数据和实测数据拟合度达到最佳。在银—额盆地构造与地层解释中的应用结果表明,重磁电联合反演可以有效克服单方法解释的多解性,准确识别地质层位,大大提高定量解释的精度。     

重磁电综合解释在突泉盆地油气勘查中的应用

通过突泉盆地重磁电勘探工程,结合地质、物性、钻探等资料,进行重磁平面处理与解释,开展三维重磁反演,重磁电二维人机联合反演,进行重磁电综合研究与解释,解决了火山岩覆盖下的油气构造问题,取得了良好的勘探效果。     

重磁电勘探在黑龙江三江盆地石炭系—二叠系油气地质调查中的应用

三江盆地东部地区零星出露有古生界石炭—二叠纪地层,总有机碳等烃源岩评价指标良好,但在盆地中的展布情况一直未知。在东北地区老油田开发成本日益高涨,亟需新的油气勘探接替区的背景下,为了查明三江盆地石炭—二叠纪地层的发育特征,在三江盆地以石炭—二叠系为主要目的层开展油气地质调查实施了重磁电勘探工程,对所取得的4条重磁电剖面资料进行了处理和定性分析,在综合信息反演和成像的基础上建立了重磁电综合反演剖面图。对研究区地层、物性特征进行了系统的研究与总结,主要利用大地电磁测深反演电阻率低阻标志层,初步刻画了石炭—二叠系的分布特征,并通过对二维反演电阻率断面进行残差处理,探索了石炭—二叠系泥岩的展布特征。     

重、磁、电联合反演在银额盆地定量解释中的应用

依据大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果初步确定构造与地层,通过综合分析区内物性特征给定地层与岩石的物性参数,建立正演地质一地球物理初始模型,在地质、钻井、地震资料约束下进行重、磁、电联合反演,不断修改地质一地球物理模型和大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果,使重、磁正演数据和实测数据拟合度达到最佳。在银额盆地构造与地层解释中的应用结果表明,重、磁、电联合反演可以有效克服单方法解释的多解性,准确识别地质层位,大大提高定量解释的精度。     

大地电磁技术测定的准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷至北隆起带石炭系及油气前景分析

【研究目的】 本文以准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷至乌伦古北隆起带为研究区,研究石炭纪地层沉积、分布特征,为该区地质结构研究和油气勘查工作提供了依据和参考。【研究方法】 采集大地电磁测深数据,结合以往重磁电震资料,采用二维共轭梯度反演、最优化电性分层等技术获取石炭纪地层、断裂构造展布特征,为火成岩覆盖区研究石炭纪地层提供了有效的方法。【研究结果】 利用大地电磁测深技术结合重磁电震资料开展综合处理分析,获得研究区石炭系厚度图、石炭系埋深图,初步确定了上下石炭统的分界面,查明了石炭纪地层的分布特征,索索泉凹陷、福海坳陷和扎河坝坳陷为3个石炭纪地层沉降中心,具有较好的油气勘查前景。【结论】 在火成岩覆盖区,采用大地电磁测深、重磁电震综合处理解释技术为石炭纪地层研究提供了有效的技术支撑。     

重磁联合反演解释在长白山天池深部构造中的应用

重磁联合反演可以解决火山岩强反射屏蔽作用导致地震深层反射能量弱的问题。为了解译长白山天池深部断裂构造并描述地层形态,笔者依托Oasis Montaj重磁拟合平台,参考地震地质资料建立原始重磁模型,并利用岩性参数作为约束条件进行联合反演解释。根据布格重力异常与地磁法异常分布特点,成功反演了地下8 km基底范围内的地层分布特征,解译了7处断裂分布位置。其中深大断裂位置与地质、遥感研究结果能够良好吻合,并更加精确。     

电磁测深与地面磁测数据联合解释

一直以来,对重磁电联合反演的探索不多.试以电磁测深的资料为依据,设计出地质体的地质特征,改变地体质的磁参量以拟合磁测数据,开展电磁测深与地面磁测数据联合解释,求取地质体磁参数,从而达到定性解释地质体岩性的工作目的.     

重磁异常正反演计算在煤田中的应用

以海拉尔盆地呼和湖研究区为例,对重磁异常进行正、反演计算,求取各个主要地层组、段顶界面埋深。Ｐａｒｋｅｒ正、反演计算方法,兼有频率域里计算速度快,空间域计算准确的优点。该方法是重磁异常定量解释中有利工具,在平面解释中各层深度值连续性加强,适于煤田地质、油田地质普查阶段、高精度重磁勘探,定量解释、为后期钻探提供参考数据。     

重磁电(井)震综合物探技术在识别达巴松凸起石炭系深部火山岩中的应用

近年来, 准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩勘探屡获突破, 展现了火山岩储层良好的勘探前景。由于准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩存在埋藏深度大, 受勘探手段和地球物理资料品质等因素的制约, 深层火山岩的识别与解释目前仍存在诸多困难和问题, 为油田地震勘探工作带来了极大困难。如何通过现有物探方法和技术提高深部火山岩的分辨、识别能力, 具有很强的理论和实际意义。由于特殊地质体在密度、磁化率或电阻率等物性组合方面存在特殊性, 因此可通过多方法综合物探技术对其进行综合识别、限定。本文在深入分析达巴松凸起钻井、物性资料的基础上, 利用重磁电异常信息模式判别技术, 预测了石炭系火山岩的平面展布, 缩小和锁定了深层火山岩地震勘探的有利靶区; 再以地震相分析、地震属性解释、构造制图及综合评价为主要技术手段, 对深层火山岩进行定量识别和预测, 落实和优选了深层火山岩有利勘探目标, 并取得了良好效果。总结了深层特殊地质体勘探的高精度地震资料采集和重磁电震(井)综合应用、联合反演解释等手段, 极大地提高了准噶尔盆地深层火成岩的勘探精度。     

RGIS软件重磁联合反演在1：20万区域重力调查中的应用

在黑龙江省五常县—沙兰站公社1：20万区域重力调查工作中,运用重磁电数据处理与解释软件系统（RGIS）的2.5D人机交互可视化重力和磁异常联合反演,对于工作区的深部构造、莫霍面、地壳深部密度界面等问题作出了一定的探讨。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.