X射线粉晶衍射仪在辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩蚀变矿物鉴定中的应用

瓦房店金伯利岩热液蚀变强烈,原岩矿物组分几乎蚀变殆尽,显微镜下对蚀变矿物鉴定相当困难.利用X射线粉晶衍射技术对蚀变金伯利岩物相进行系统检测,结果显示：42号岩管金伯利岩主要矿物为蛇纹石、金云母和滑石,有少量方解石、锐钛矿、磷灰石、石英、钛铁矿、钙钛矿、榍石、磁铁矿和绿泥石;石灰窑1号无矿金伯利岩岩管主要矿物为蛇纹石、金云母和白云石,有少量方解石、锐钛矿、磷灰石、滑石、磁铁矿和绿泥石;9号无矿金伯利岩岩脉主要矿物为方解石和石英,有少量绿泥石和重晶石;51号贫矿金伯利岩岩管主要矿物为蛇纹石和金云母,方解石化作用不均匀,白云石化作用普遍,有少量锐钛矿、滑石、磁铁矿、绿泥石、磷灰石、钛铁矿、石英;30号贫矿岩管样品风化严重,主要矿物为蒙脱石,有少量方解石、滑石、蛇纹石、榍石、磷灰石.实践证明,采用X射线粉晶衍射仪鉴定金伯利岩蚀变矿物组合是一种非常可行的技术手段.     

蔡家营铅锌银多金属矿床的绿泥石结构特征

本文运用电子探针、红外光谱、X射线衍射分析等技术方法对蔡家营铅锌银多金属矿床绿泥石进行了研究。     

X射线粉晶衍射仪在千枚岩鉴定与分类中的应用

以往千枚岩是依据显微镜下观察岩石结构构造及矿物成分进行分类定名.实际上千枚岩中鳞片状绿泥石和黑云母以及微粒石英、钾长石和斜长石在岩石薄片中区分十分困难.为了准确鉴定千枚岩中鳞片状和微粒状造岩矿物种类及其相对含量,利用X射线粉晶衍射半定量技术对19件千枚岩岩石进行分析测试.研究结果显示：利用云母、绿泥石、石英、钾长石和斜长石等造岩矿物X射线衍射峰的明显差异,结合X射线衍射全谱拟合半定量分析测试技术,能快速检测云母、绿泥石、石英、钾长石和斜长石等造岩矿物种类与含量.实践证明,将千枚岩岩石野外观察、岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射技术紧密结合起来,才能准确定出千枚岩岩石的名称.     

X射线荧光分析技术在四川龙塘铅锌矿成矿规律研究与资源评价中的应用

本文以四川龙塘铅锌矿为例,对X射线荧光分析的技术条件、资料处理、方法应用等方面进行较系统地研究,并把现场测量成果与地质研究密切结合,总结成矿规律,指导找矿预测和资源评价,取得良好效果。     

法国比利牛斯山Trimouns滑石-绿泥石矿床地质与成因

位于法国比利牛斯山的Trimouns矿床是世界上最大的滑石-绿泥石矿床之一。对该矿床形成的条件及滑石和绿泥石矿石的含量已较清楚。它是由不同类型的岩石通过热液交代蚀变而形成的，主要包括白云岩蚀变为滑石为主的矿石和硅铝质岩石(云母片岩和伟晶岩)蚀变为绿泥石为主的矿石。滑石矿石显示片理化结构(滑石片岩)或压实块状结构(块滑石)。由伟晶岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石为呈绿色的球状矿体，而由云母片岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石呈块状或片理状、颜色为灰绿色和深灰色。本文对欧洲这个独一无二的滑石和绿泥石矿床的地质特征和成因进行了总结和讨论。流体包裹体研究表明成矿流体为高盐度(20to30％eq．wt％NaCl)、中温(320℃)、压为为2．5kbars。磷钇矿和独居石的U—Ph定年结果表明，成矿年代为112—97Ma，成矿作用可能持续了16Ma以上。     

云南曼养铁矿成矿实验研究

本文在野外观察和室内岩矿工作的基础上,对云南曼养铁矿进行了成矿实验研究.结果表明,模拟实验体系钙铁辉石一钠长石一方铁矿十三氯化二硼（Hd-Ab-W（?）+B2O3）在1125℃存在一个较大的液相不混溶厂.对铁矿的原始岩浆、铁矿及富硅相的熔体自由能计算也证明了曼养铁矿原始熔状分相的可能性.本文的实验研究支持了曼养铁矿的矿浆成矿假说.     

X射线粉晶衍射基体清洗法在矿物定量分析中的应用

为了消除层状硅酸盐矿物择优取向对检测结果的影响,本次X射线粉晶衍射定量分析采用基体清洗法,引入刚玉作为清洗剂,用滑石和绿泥石纯样品分别与刚玉以1：1的比例配制成参比样,测试参比样中刚玉、滑石、绿泥石的主衍射峰强度值,根据参比强度公式计算出滑石、绿泥石的参比强度.再把刚玉与定值样（滑石和绿泥石混合样）按1：1的比例配制成待测样,测试待测样中刚玉、滑石、绿泥石的主衍射峰强度值,把所得数据代入基体清洗法计算公式,剔除离散数据,计算出定值样中滑石的含量为81.5%,绿泥石的含量为14.6%;用EVA全谱拟合矿物半定量分析方法测试定值样中滑石的含量为92.9%,绿泥石的含量为5.8%.通过定值样中全岩化学分析铝元素含量换算,定值样中绿泥石的含量应在13%左右,接近基体清洗法的绿泥石矿物定值,与EVA全谱拟合矿物半定量分析方法绿泥石矿物定值相差较大.实验结果表明：利用基体冲洗分析混合物相中层状硅酸盐矿物含量是比较准确的.     

Application of Chlorite Geothermometry to Hydrothermal Alteration in Toyoha Geothermal System, Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan

In this study, we applied chemical geothermometers to the estimation of formation temperatures of chlorites from various types of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Toyoha geothermal field, using core samples from six drill holes (TH-2 to TH-7) together with wasted ore samples from Toyoha vein-type ore deposit. Based on the preliminary examination of mineral assemblages by X-ray powder diffraction and optical microscopy, hydrothermal alteration observed through the drill holes was classified into four types of alteration zones: propylitic, mixed-layer minerals, kaolin minerals, and ore mineralized zones. The mineral assemblage of the ore mineralized zone observed through TH-2, TH-4, and TH-6 is similar to those of Toyoha ore veins reported previously. The Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios of chlorites were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in addition to the usual microprobe analyses. The ratios ranged from 0.20–0.26 for chlorites from the propylitic alteration zone and from 0.13 to 0.17 for those from the ore mineralized zone associated with sulfide minerals. After correcting the Fe³⁺ contents in the octahedral sites of chlorite structures, we obtained acceptable temperatures of the chlorite formation by application of geothermometers, for instance, a similar range of 150–300°C for chlorites from either the propylitic zone or the ore mineralized zone developed through TH-2, TH-4, and TH-6. Chlorites from the ore mineralized zone proximal to the Toyoha deposit are characterized by high Fe and Mn contents compared to the propylitic chlorites, which is similar to the Toyoha vein-filling chlorites; the formation temperatures were close to both the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and the present subsurface temperatures measured through drill holes. Chlorites from the Toyoha ore veins, however, gave slightly higher formation temperatures (180–350°C) than those of chlorites from the ore mineralized zone in the drill cores. This suggests that several types of hydrothermal alteration occurred at different stages in the Toyoha geothermal field and the composition of product chlorite was controlled not only by the temperature but also the composition of fluid related to the formation. Reliable estimation of temperature for the chlorite formation provides basic information on evaluating correctly other physicochemical conditions prevalent at the formation.     

青海五龙沟金矿床矿石、矿物含金性及金的赋存状态

本文采用矿相显微镜研究、金溶解性试验、化学分析、背散射电子面扫描、二次电子面扫描、晶体X射线衍射等手段对青海五龙沟金矿床矿石、矿物的含金性及金的赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明，多次叠加蚀变及黄铁绢英岩化毒砂伦金矿石含金较高，金主要以超显微状态存在于毒砂、含砷黄铁矿等金矿硫化物中，存在形式可能为小于10．0nm的非晶格金状态，矿石及矿物中典型元素组合为Au-As-Sb.