无砟轨动车组运行激励场地振动谱分析

为研究CRH2动车组在无砟轨道段运行引起的场地加速度振动的频谱特性,本文对我国首条无砟轨道段(渝遂铁路二岩隧道—湾里头隧道段)动车组运行时的场地振动进行了现场实测;对实测竖向振动加速度时程进行1/3倍频谱分析表明:地面竖向振动加速度随着与振源距离的增大而明显衰减,随车速增大场地振动强度增强;应用正交HHT变换,对加速度时程进行了Hilbert谱分析,获得了地面竖向振动加速度的主频为10~120Hz、振动传播高频成分衰减较快等频谱特性;最后,将Hilbert边际谱与傅里叶谱进行了对比分析,得到了两种方法分析振动信号频谱特性表现出的差异性。     

重载列车荷载作用下雅丹边坡的动力响应分析

以新建青海省地方铁路鱼卡至一里坪线经过的雅丹地貌为研究对象,选择邻近已建铁路,对不同速度重载列车引起的地面振动进行现场实时测试,从频域和时域两方面分析振动加速度在雅丹场地中的衰减特性。通过地质勘察,建立雅丹边坡的振动分析模型,利用数值模拟分析存在软弱夹层的典型雅丹边坡在不同运行速度下的加速度和位移响应规律,并计算雅丹场地列车振动的安全影响距离。研究结果表明:振动加速度的衰减速率随着距离的增加迅速降低,在距线路中心线2.5～5.5 m处,衰减较快;5.5～15.5 m,衰减趋于平缓;随着距离的增大,振动高频的成分被抑制,频率逐渐向低频移动;雅丹边坡下部的软弱夹层使透射系数锐减,起到了较好隔振作用,上部的软弱夹层隔振效果不明显;以振动速度峰值PPV为振动量评价指标,得到重载列车在70 km/h及以下速度运行时,其对线路振动影响距离为小于6.1 m。     

深季节冻土区列车行驶路基振动数值模拟研究

分析大庆深季节冻土区铁路路基的冬季现场加速度监测结果,获得了列车经过时铁路路基冻结地表振动加速度的时程特性及其衰减规律,并运用动力有限元方法进行了动力响应分析。研究结果表明：①随着列车行驶速度的增大,路基振动加速度亦增大,且重载货车振动响应大于高速客车;②列车行驶引起的路基振动加速度幅值,随着距线路中心距离的增加而迅速衰减;③应用有限元方法分析列车行驶路基振动特性是可行的。本文为研究深季节冻土区铁路路基振动特性提供了一种分析方法,对加深了解深季节冻土区铁路路基振动特性具有重要意义。     

季节冻土区冬季列车行驶路基振动反应研究

为了研究季节冻土区行驶列车引起的含冻土层铁路路基的振动反应特性,在大庆地区季节冻土场地进行了冬季现场试验。试验结果表明:列车行驶产生的路基振动加速度在近轨处具有周期性变化的特征,随着监测点距轨道距离的增大,其周期特性逐渐减弱并消失;季节冻土层的存在对路基竖向振动具有放大作用;列车行驶引起的路基振动加速度随与铁轨距离的增加而减小,并以竖向振动衰减最快;列车行驶过程中会引起环境振动问题,随着距铁轨距离的增大,垂向加速度振级呈递减趋势,时速越小则降幅越大,货车由于轴重大,衰减幅度低于普通客车。     

高速列车运行引起的地基振动测试与分析

为分析高速列车运行引起的地表处振动峰值加速度随距轨道中心线距离的变化特征,选择8个不同场地类型及路基形式的工程场地进行高速列车运行引起的地表振动加速度测试。研究结果表明,高速列车引起的地表振动加速度随距轨道中心线距离的变化特征因场地条件和路基形式的不同存在显著差异;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地表三分量振动加速度均随距轨道中心线距离的增加而减小,且距轨道近距离处峰值加速度衰减较快,远距离处衰减较慢,Ⅰ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地表振动加速度随距轨道中心线距离的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;对于相同路基形式的高速铁路,Ⅲ类场地条件下地表振动峰值加速度随距轨道中心线距离的增加减小速度最快,Ⅱ类场地次之,Ⅳ类场地衰减最慢。     

高速铁路弹塑性路基及轨道的地震反应特性研究

高铁列车运行时突发地震会对路基及轨道产生振动危害,严重影响列车的安全运行。为此,文中建立轨道系统-弹塑性路基-地基三维精细化有限元模型,分析高速铁路弹塑性路基和轨道在不同列车速度v(50、70、100、130 m·s~(-1))下的地震反应特性,结果表明:地震与列车共同作用下,路基和轨道的位移振幅主要受地震作用影响,而车速变化对路基位移幅值的作用较弱,对轨道的作用较强;地震发生时,列车以不同车速运行会对路基和轨道的频谱曲线产生不同程度的波动影响,其中在车速50 m·s~(-1)时波动最为剧烈,且总体向高频移动,并出现多个振动主频,此时路基和轨道的加速度峰值分别为单独移动荷载的2.3和1.3倍,路基及轨道加速度显著提高;地震作用下,列车的脱轨系数与横向位移在车速50 m·s~(-1)时显著增大,超过列车安全运行的标准;推测车速50 m·s~(-1)(180 km·h~(-1))为列车脱轨的临界速度。     

高速铁路列车噪声监测

通过对地震发生时铁路采取的应急处置措施和我国高速铁路地震监测系统现状的分析,提出建设铁路地震监测预警系统的必要性.为确定地震监测预警台站,研究在高速铁路沿线布置台站的技术方案,特在汉宜高速铁路进行列车通过噪声试验,采集列车通过测点引起的振动数据,探讨列车通过的最大振动加速度和测点与铁路正线距离之间的衰减关系.利用统计分析方法分析最大振动加速度和距离之间的衰减关系.利用频域分析方法设置低通滤波器,对列车引起的振动数据进行滤波,进一步减少列车对台站监测预警数据的影响,所提出的衰减关系及数据初步处理方法对高速铁路地震监测预警台站选取和建设具有指导意义.     

对二滩水电站坝区场地地面运动的估计

本文以二滩地区为例,介绍如何结合地震危险性分析的结果,采用理论模拟方法估计工作地区近场强地面运动情况,为工程抗震设计提供必需的地面运动动力学参数。 文中采用理论方法计算剪切位错点源的格林函数;根据断裂动力学模型、近场地面峰值加速度衰减曲线和场地附近的加速度谱来标定震源模型;计算了若在坝区附近发生M_s=6.2级地震时场地的综合地震图、加速度傅氏谱和反应谱等。由理论模拟计算的峰值加速度衰减曲线和观测结果符合较好。在震中距为20km处的加速度谱的截止频率f_max与观测值相吻合（约为8 Hz左右）,相应的峰值加速度为211cm/s²,振动持续时间为3.4秒。     

地震频谱特性对高速列车车体振动的影响分析

为研究不同频谱特性的地震作用对高速列车振动的影响,本文建立31自由度的机车模型,利用三角级数法生成轨道不平顺。通过在水平、竖直两个方向输入不同频谱特性的三条地震波,主要从频域角度分析总结了不同车速和不同地震峰值加速度下车体的垂直和横向加速度。结果表明,地震对车体横向振动的影响大于垂向;地震动的低频成分居多时,会使得车体振动响应增大。地震峰值加速度对车体振动有较大影响且车速和地震峰值加速度共同控制车体的横向和垂向振动主频。列车运行时,若遇到卓越频率低且峰值加速度较大的地震激励。     

场地条件对高速铁路地基土振动影响的研究

发展高速铁路是解决城市间交通问题的有效途径,但其所产生的振动和噪声引起的环境问题,对铁路沿线居民及周围建筑等造成不利影响。在对高速铁路引起的振动问题进行的研究中,关于高速列车引起的地基土振动随深度变化的相对较少。因此,本文针对Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地条件下的路堤式和高架桥式高速铁路,对0—5m不同深度处地基土的振动加速度响应进行了现场测试,并以测试数据为基础,分析了不同场地条件下高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应随深度的变化规律。结果表明,不同场地条件下,高速列车引起的振动加速度响应随深度的变化规律具有显著差异;Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应总体随深度的增加而逐渐减小,并呈先快后慢的衰减趋势;而Ⅳ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应随深度的增加呈现先减小后放大的趋势,在深3m处加速度达到最大值。高速列车运行引起的振动频带随深度的变化特征与场地相关。     

Experimental investigation into ground vibrations induced by very high speed trains on a non-ballasted track

A field measurement of ground vibration was performed on the Beijing−Shanghai high-speed railway in China. In this paper, the experimental results of vertical ground vibration accelerations induced by very high speed trains running over a non-ballasted track on embankment with speeds from 300 to 410 km/h are reported and analyzed in detail for the first time. Characteristics of ground vibration accelerations in both time and frequency domains are analyzed based on the test data. It is shown that the periodic exciting action of high-speed train bogies can be identified in time histories of vertical accelerations of the ground within the range of 50 m from the track centerline. The first dominant sensitive frequency of the ground vibration acceleration results from the wheelbase of the bogie, and the center distance of two neighboring cars plays an important role in the significant frequencies of the ground vibration acceleration. Variations of time–response peak value and frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of ground vibration in relation with train speed as well as the distance from the track centerline are also investigated. Results show that the time-domain peak value of ground vibration acceleration exhibits an approximately linear upward tendency with the increase of train speed. With the increasing distance from the track centerline, the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of the ground vibration attenuates more slowly than the time-domain peak value of the ground vibration acceleration does. Severe impact of high-speed railway ground vibration on human body comfort on the ground occurs at the speed of 380–400 km/h. The results given in the paper are also valuable for validating the numerical prediction of train induced ground vibrations.     

Study of the train-induced vibration impact on a historic Bell Tower above two spatially overlapping metro lines

There is concern regarding the long-term vibration effects caused by metro trains on historic buildings. In this paper, the impact of metro train-induced vibrations on the Bell Tower in Xi’an above two spatially overlapping tunnels was studied.Metro Line 2 has been operational since 2011, and Line 6 is still under construction. To study and control the effect of micro vibrations on the Bell Tower, a metro train–track–tunnel–soil 3D dynamic FE model was developed. The vibration response generated by Line 2 was then predicted, and the influences of train speed on ground vibration were analysed. In addition, a detailed in situ measurement, which helped calibrate the numerical model and determine the dynamic behaviour of timber structures, was performed. Finally, the calibrated models and measured results were used to predict vibrations caused by road traffic and trains from two spatially overlapping metro lines. This was performed under different route schemes and train operation conditions.The results showed that installing steel spring floating slab tracks (FST) and decreasing train speeds had obvious effects on controlling the ground peak particle velocity (PPV). Simulated results from both the input impulse and output response generated by metro Line 2 matched well with actual measurements. If correct designs are employed, it is possible to resolve the vibration problem on historic buildings caused by metro trains.     

Prediction of high-speed train induced ground vibration based on train-track-ground system model

The development of analysis on train-induced ground vibration is briefly summarized. A train-track-ground integrated dynamic model is introduced in the paper to predict the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains. Representative dynamic responses of the train-track-ground system predicted by the model are presented. Some major results measured from two field tests on the ground vibration induced by two high-speed trains are reported. Numerical prediction with the proposed train-track-ground model is validated by the high-speed train running experiments. Research results show that the wheel/rail dynamic interaction caused by track irregularities has a significant influence on the ground acceleration and little influence on the ground displacement. The main frequencies of the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains are usually below 80 Hz. Compared with the ballasted track, the ballastless track structure can produce much larger train-induced ground vibration at frequencies above 40 Hz. The vertical ground vibration is much larger than the lateral and longitudinal components.     

轨道附近地面振动模型中的饱和地层动力格林函数

列车引起场地振动的建模需要能够表达地层的动力格林函数.本文兼顾饱和土的流固两相耦合性、场地土的分层性和波动的三维传播性,构建了半解析的场地动力格林函数.首先,基于Biot方程,在傅里叶变换域求解固体骨架和流体的位移和应力.然后采用传递矩阵方法建立地表位移和应力间的关系,得到格林函数矩阵.进而讨论矩阵的一些固有特征,提出改善竖向位移计算效率的措施.最后利用推导的格林函数计算了几个典型算例.数值结果与文献中其他方法得到的结果十分接近,与场地振动的现场观测试验基本符合.软土场地振动的计算结果高于饱和砂土场地,高速列车场地振动强度高于低速列车.当车速接近场地瑞利波速,模拟结果中显示出马赫锥.数值结果还显示,即使车速略低于瑞利波速,马赫锥也可能出现.本文推导的格林函数将有助于深入理解列车等移动激励作用下层状饱和土场地的振动特征.     

青岛岩质地基地铁3号线与上海软土地基地铁10号线振动实测对比分析

地铁运行产生的环境振动超过一定值会影响人体健康,准确评价地铁运行引起的振动响应值意义重大。本文采用进口测振仪分别对青岛地铁3号线和上海地铁10号线进行现场测振,对数据进行处理得出振动加速度时程曲线,对测试数据进行Fourier变换得到相应的频谱曲线,将频谱曲线按1/3倍频程滤波转化为1/3倍频程谱,进而计算出分频振级平均值。通过加速度时程、频谱、1/3倍频程谱和分频振级的对比分析,结果表明:青岛地铁振动响应明显大于上海地铁,其分频振级已超过我国的环境振动标准,而上海地铁的分频振级基本上与我国的环境振动标准相当。     

Experimental investigation of railway train-induced vibrations of surrounding ground and a nearby multi-story building

In this paper, a field experiment was carried out to study train-induced environmental vibrations. During the field experiment, velocity responses were measured at different locations of a six-story masonry structure near the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and along a small road adjacent to the building. The results show that the velocity response levels of the environmental ground and the building floors increase with train speed, and attenuate with the distance to the railway track. Heavier freight trains indu...     

近距离垂直交叠地铁盾构隧道的动力响应分析

以郑州地区某地铁隧道段为工程背景,采用三维精细化管片和正交各向异性圆环衬砌模型模拟隧道结构,将地铁列车运行荷载简化为人工激励函数,构建地铁列车运行对相邻近距离垂直交叠隧道动力响应的数值模型,对不同列车位置、隧道结构、列车速度、隧道净距等工况下近距离垂直交叠相邻隧道的竖向振动响应、影响范围和动应力进行分析。研究结果表明:上隧道运行列车对下部近距离隧道的拱顶的振动影响较大,其他区域影响较小;下隧道运行列车对上部近距离隧道的振动影响整体较小;采用错缝拼装有利于降低近距离垂直交叠隧道在交叠段的振动影响;上隧道列车在启动加速阶段和达到最高速度行驶两个阶段对下隧道拱顶的加速度影响较大;随着隧道净距的减小,上隧道列车引起近距离交叠垂直隧道的下隧道的拱顶竖向加速度显著增加,交叠区域的整体振动最强烈,当远离交叠段1倍洞径后,净距对加速度值的影响可忽略不计。     

Prediction and mitigation analysis of ground vibration caused by running high-speed trains on rigid-frame viaducts

In this study a 3D numerical analysis approach is developed to predict the ground vibration around rigid-frame viaducts induced by running high-speed trains. The train-bridge-ground interaction system is divided into two subsystems: the train-bridge interaction and the soil-structure interaction. First, the analytical program to simulate bridge vibration with consideration of train-bridge interaction is developed to obtain the vibration reaction forces at the pier bottoms. The highspeed train is described by a multi-DOFs vibration system and the rigid-frame viaduct is modeled with 3D beam elements. Second, applying these vibration reaction forces as input external excitations, the ground vibration is simulated by using a general-purpose program that includes soil-structure interaction effects. The validity of the analytical procedure is confirmed by comparing analytical and experimental results. The characteristics of high-speed train-induced vibrations, including the location of predominant vibration, are clarified. Based on this information a proposed vibration countermeasure using steel strut and new barrier is found effective in reducing train-induced vibrations and it satisfies environmental vibration requirements. The vibration screening efficiency is evaluated by reduction VAL based on 1/3 octave band spectral analysis.