基于地下水数值模拟的地球物理反演解释优化方法研究

地球物理的多解性无处不在,面对这种情况我们往往结合地质资料来对反演结果进行合理的地质解释。然而在偏远地区地质、深部钻探资料非常缺乏,野外已有的井孔也往往难以获取岩性编录资料。当这些资料比较少时,反演结果依然存在难以解释或者不确定等问题。是否可以借助于地下水位与水质信息包含的地质体水力特性,来辅助地球物理反演过程？基于此思路探索了基于地下水模型的地球物理反演解释优化方法:以大地电磁法为实现手段,通过研究已知理想地质模型和多个基于反演结果解释得到的地质模型,建立地下水数值模型,对比地下水水流和溶质运移数值模拟结果,最终确定相对最佳地质模型。并通过敏感性分析验证了运用地下水数值模拟搜索相对最佳地质模型的可行性。     

基于测井资料的岩石物理学正反演技术

综合利用测井、地震、地质资料,以多口井岩石物理分析为基础,结合地震解释层位,通过对测井曲线储层岩石参数的分析解释,建立油藏模型,进行弹性波动方程正演模拟,并综合分析储层与油气地球物理响应特征,快速进行有色反演,其结果不仅可以对地震解释成果进行验证,而且可以对基于地震的波阻抗反演结果进行比较.本方法在苏家屯地区的应用得到较好的效果.     

重磁3D物性反演技术在金属矿勘探中的应用

解反演问题是地球物理资料处理解释的主要环节.反演就是依据已获得异常特征,结合地质和其他资料,求解地下源体的空间位置、形状及物性特征参数.随着对地质体全方位精细结构研究要求的提高,重磁等反演技术已发展到3D反演阶段.重磁反演主要有两种方法,即形态反演(建立场源模型形态单元)和物性反演(构建物性模型单元).在物性模型构建中...     

重磁电联合反演在银—额盆地勘探中的应用

依据大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果初步确定构造与地层,通过综合分析区内物性特征给定地层与岩石的物性参数,建立正演地质—地球物理初始模型,在地质、钻井、地震资料约束下进行重磁电联合反演,不断修改地质—地球物理模型和大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果,使重磁正演数据和实测数据拟合度达到最佳。在银—额盆地构造与地层解释中的应用结果表明,重磁电联合反演可以有效克服单方法解释的多解性,准确识别地质层位,大大提高定量解释的精度。     

重、磁、电联合反演在银额盆地定量解释中的应用

依据大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果初步确定构造与地层,通过综合分析区内物性特征给定地层与岩石的物性参数,建立正演地质一地球物理初始模型,在地质、钻井、地震资料约束下进行重、磁、电联合反演,不断修改地质一地球物理模型和大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果,使重、磁正演数据和实测数据拟合度达到最佳。在银额盆地构造与地层解释中的应用结果表明,重、磁、电联合反演可以有效克服单方法解释的多解性,准确识别地质层位,大大提高定量解释的精度。     

高密度电法勘探数据三维处理技术及城市勘察中的应用

在以往的高密度数据反演解释过程中,将地质结构简化成二维,通过地电断面图、切片图进行分析.实际上,地质体具有三维地电结构,二维反演难免会受到旁侧效应的影响,二维图件也不能清晰直观地反映地质体的空间分布情况.本文以某陶瓷厂空洞探测为例,利用实测资料构建三维数据场,在反演参数优化的基础上,选择基于最小二乘法的三维反演技术对数据场进行处理,将反演结果利用三维可视化技术显示出来,对采空区位置及空间形态给出结论.研究结果显示,三维处理技术能够从空间上,多手段、多视角分析物探数据,有效地消除了旁侧效应的影响; 物探结果直观清晰地呈现出空洞的分布位置、范围以及空间特征,与钻探结果吻合较好.     

CSAMT在巴音戈壁盆地铀储层识别中的应用

在电磁法数值模拟中,正演模拟是认识各种地电条件下的大地电磁响应特征的良好途径,模型正演得到的结论,对于资料处理、反演、解释具有积极的指导作用。通过在巴音戈壁盆地开展可控源音频大地电磁测量(CSAMT),结合巴音戈壁盆地已知钻孔资料,建立了初始地电模型,进行模型正演计算得出正演数据,通过对正演数据进行反演计算,确定合理的反演模型和反演参数,提高资料反演的准确性,最后根据对实测数据的反演计算、资料解释、综合分析结果,推断研究区铀储层巴音戈壁组的空间展布特征,解释结果得到钻孔资料的验证,在砂岩型铀矿勘查中取得较好的效果。     

激发极化数据二维有限元反演法在金矿勘探中的应用

给出电阻率、激发极化法数据的二维有限元反演方法和原理 ,并将此方法用于高龙金矿电法勘探资料解释中 ,解释结果与已知地质资料基本吻合。由此证明 ,利用双线性模型进行二维反演的有效性及其独特的优点。     

重磁2.5D/3D互相约束反演技术在三维地质填图中的应用研究

三维地质填图为我国启动的新一轮地质调查项目,为提高重磁资料在三维地质填图中的应用效果,笔者提出重磁资料2.5D/3D相互约束重磁反演技术方案:利用重磁资料2.5D剖面反演结果、3D物性反演结果作为彼此反演约束条件,并通过了理论模型试验。试验结果表明,该技术方案使反演结果中物性参数、空间位置更接近理论模型体。通过对本溪—临江地区思山岭铁矿磁异常及酸性岩体重力异常进行反演实践——估算磁异常铁矿资源量、研究酸性侵入岩深部展布形态的效果良好,可为大面积三维填图提供有效途径。     

储层地震反演在辽河油田大民屯凹陷的应用

针对大民屯凹陷构造复杂、薄互层储层横向变化快等特殊地质条件, 在叠前时间偏移和叠后高分辨处理的地震资料基础上, 利用以已知地质规律和测井资料为约束的储层地震反演新技术, 对地下岩层空间结构和物理性质进行反演、综合岩性解释、定量预测和描述储层空间分布及变化规律.通过叠前高分辨地震资料波阻抗反演、测井多属性反演方法的研究和应用, 提高了该区储层预测的纵向分辨率, 加强了对薄互层砂体的识别能力, 提高了储层预测的可靠性, 落实了有利的岩性圈闭, 获得了较好的地质效果, 为该区隐蔽油气藏的勘探做了有意义的探索.      

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.