气候变化与人体健康

综述了气候变化与人类健康的关系,着重分析了气候变化对人体健康影响的主要方面与途径、适应气候变化的主要措施,提出了气候变化与人体健康关系研究中的科学问题及优先研究领域。并从国家层面上探讨了如何加强能力建设与制度建设等保障措施。     

环境趋势和医学气象研究中的若干前沿科学问题

简要介绍了当前全球气候、环境变化趋势下,大气环境和气象医学研究中的若干前沿科学问题,包括环境毒理学、空气污染对人体健康的损害、城市小气候与人体健康、气象病、医学气象预报以及气候变化与人体健康等方面的研究进展。       

第四届“气象、环境与健康学术研讨会”第一轮通知

由军事医学科学院基础医学研究所和中国科学院大气物理研究所共同承办的第四届“气象、环境与健康学术研讨会”,拟定于2 0 0 4年10月份召开(地点暂定为长沙或南京) ,会议拟邀请气象、环境与医学等领域的有关知名专家做专题报告,交流近年来这一交叉学科领域的研究工作新进展,讨论今后各部门如何加强这一交叉学科领域的合作研究、共同探讨该领域的前沿热点等问题。现征集本次会议交流论文。一、会议主题( 1)天气、气候变化对人体健康的影响;( 2 )环境变化对人体健康的影响;( 3)城市污染对人群健康的影响;( 4)气象、环境变化影响人体健康的机理…     

关于气候变化对社会经济系统影响的机理和途径的探讨

本文基于考虑气候变化影响应与经济系统的特征时空尺度相匹配的观点,讨论了气候变化对经济系统影响的途径.认为:气候变化是年代际尺度的气温变化,直接影响的是冰冻圈、海平面、水资源、陆面状况、生态系统、微生物、人体健康等七个领域;觉察不到日变化、季节变化、年际变化而呈现出年代际变化的事物才是受全球变暖影响的事物;由于时间尺度不匹配,经济系统几乎不会受气候变化的直接影响;就间接影响而言,全球变暖导致的极端气候事件加剧和人类为应对与适应气候变化的积极响应,对经济系统的影响要显著得多.     

气候变化对中国农业生产的影响研究进展

气候变化已成为当今科学界、各国政府和社会公众普遍关注的环境问题之一,气候变化可能对生态系统和社会经济产生灾难性影响,农业是受气候变化影响最直接的脆弱行业。因此,气候变化对农业生产的影响研究一直是气候变化研究领域中的热点问题之一。该文系统介绍了有关全球气候变化对中国农业生产影响研究的现状与进展,包括气候变化对农业影响的研究方法、大气中温室气体浓度增加对农作物的影响试验、气候变化对农业气候资源的影响、气候变化对农作物生长发育和产量的影响、气候变化对农业种植制度和品种布局的影响、气候变化对农作物气候生产潜力和气候资源利用率的影响等,指出当前在研究气候变化对农业影响评估中存在的问题,提出了今后应加强对气候变化情景和预测模式不确定性的研究、气候变化对农业影响的方法研究。此外,气候变化背景下极端天气气候事件对农业生产的影响以及气候变化对农业病虫害的影响研究等仍较薄弱,有待进一步加强和深入。     

青藏高原植被变化对区域气候影响研究进展

陆地生态系统与气候变化之间存在这密不可分的相互作用过程。青藏高原地区是全球气候变化的敏感区,全球变暖对高原陆地生态系统演变的影响非常明显,这必将导致高原生态系统变化。生态系统的变化又将会引起局地、区域气候的响应,导致局地、区域、甚至全球的气候变化。因此研究青藏高原地区植被演变及其与气候变化的关系是一个有着重要学术价值和实际意义的课题。本文在对青藏高原植被与气候关系研究回顾的基础上,介绍了近年来关于青藏高原植被变化对区域气候影响取得的新的进展,提出了一些可能的物理过程,同时指出了研究中存在问题及今后的工作重点。     

全球气候变化对中国森林生态系统的影响

人类活动所引起的温室效应及由此造成的全球气候变化和对全球生态环境的影响正引起人们越来越多的重视.作为全球陆地生态系统一个重要组分,中国的森林生态系统对未来全球气候变化的响应更是人们关注的重点.作者系统地总结了全球气候变化对中国森林生态系统分布、生态系统生产力、森林树种以及森林土壤的影响,指出了现阶段该领域研究中存在的一些问题,并对今后需要加强的一些核心问题与研究重点作了展望.     

生态系统对气候变化适应的辨识

针对气候变化对生态系统的影响,研究了确定生态系统影响阈值的有关科学问题,包括：气候变化对生态系统影响的阈值的定义;生态系统对气候变化的响应过程;生态系统对气候变化的适应性指标;生态系统对气候变化的适应性评价等。通过CEVSA模型和基于人工神经网络模型对中国生态系统的模拟和评价,初步结果显示,自然生态系统基本上处于基准态、轻度和中度不适应状态,目前模拟、评价的结果尚未发现生态系统不适应的情况。由SRES描述的B2和A2情景模拟结果初步对比显示,B2情景（大约升温3.2℃）对东北地区自然生态系统的影响更为明显,且大多数为正影响;A2情景（大约升温3.9℃）对华东地区自然生态系统有不利影响。     

气候变化对人体健康影响的综合指标探讨

气候变化,即气温、湿度、气压、风、太阳辐射、大气化学物质等各种气候因子的变化, 皆能引起人体生理和心理的反应。综合考虑各个气候因子的影响程度、变化机理,得出一种能反映气候的变化与人体健康之间的关系综合指标,这对于气候和环境的变化对人类健康影响的分析研究有重要意义。       

媒体扫描

正《气候变化对美国人体健康的影响》2016年4月这份由,美国全球变化项目发表的评估报告表明,气候变化对美国大众的健康构成了重要威胁,报告用10个章节和5个附录,从气候变化已经和未来如何影响人类健康两个角度,全面审视了气候与健康问题,主题涉及了疾病与死亡率、空气质量影响、极端事件、病菌传播、水源相关疾病、食品安全、精神健康和人口等。     

关于气象与人体健康研究的几个问题

关于气象、环境与健康问题的研究可总结为如下几个问题:1)气候变化及其影响,2)天气、气候变化与人类健康,3)大气污染与人类健康,4)关于气象条件与疾病的机理研究,5)环境与健康危险度评价。作者认为以下几个问题值得我国学者予以关注:1)气象与健康问题的检测,2)气侯变化与人类健康,3)气象与人类健康关系的机理研究,4)应用数值模式研究气象与健康问题,5)环境与健康危险度评价,6)疾病预测和预警研究,7)多学科交叉研究和更多部门对气象与健康问题的介入。     

A public health frame arouses hopeful emotions about climate change

Communication researchers and practitioners have suggested that framing climate change in terms of public health and/or national security may make climate change more personally relevant and emotionally engaging to segments of the public who are currently disengaged or even dismissive of the issue. To evaluate these assumptions, using a nationally representative online survey of U.S. residents (N?=?1,127) conducted in December, 2010, we randomly assigned six previously identified audience segments on climate change to one of three experimental conditions. Subjects were asked to read uniquely framed news articles about climate change emphasizing either the risks to the environment, public health, or national security and the benefits of mitigation and adaptation-related actions. Results show that across audience segments, the public health focus was the most likely to elicit emotional reactions consistent with support for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Findings also indicated that the national security frame may possibly boomerang among audience segments already doubtful or dismissive of the issue, eliciting unintended feelings of anger.     

Climate change and mental health: an exploratory case study from Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada

As the impacts from anthropogenic climate change are increasing globally, people are experiencing dramatic shifts in weather, temperature, wildlife and vegetation patterns, and water and food quality and availability. These changes impact human health and well-being, and resultantly, climate change has been identified as the biggest global health threat of the 21st Century. Recently, research is beginning to indicate that changes in climate, and the subsequent disruption to the social, economic, and environmental determinants of health, may cause increased incidences and prevalence of mental health issues, emotional responses, and large-scale sociopsychological changes. Through a multi-year, community-led, exploratory case study conducted in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada, this research qualitatively explores the impacts of climate change on mental health and well-being in an Inuit context. Drawing from 67 in-depth interviews conducted between January 2010 and October 2010 with community members and local and regional health professionals, participants reported that changes in weather, snow and ice stability and extent, and wildlife and vegetation patterns attributed to climate change were negatively impacting mental health and well-being due to disruptions in land-based activities and a loss of place-based solace and cultural identity. Participants reported that changes in climate and environment increased family stress, enhanced the possibility of increased drug and alcohol usage, amplified previous traumas and mental health stressors, and were implicated in increased potential for suicide ideation. While a preliminary case study, these exploratory findings indicate that climate change is becoming an additional mental health stressor for resource-dependent communities and provide a baseline for further research.     

US agricultural sector analysis on pesticide externalities – the impact of climate change and a Pigovian tax

Residuals from agricultural pesticides threaten the environment and human health. Climate change alters these externalities because it affects pest pressure and pesticide application rates. This study examines damages from pesticide externalities in US agriculture under different climate projections and the effects of alternative regulations. We find divergent impacts of externality regulation and climate change on agricultural production in the US. A Pigovian tax on pesticide externalities generally increases crop production cost, but farm revenue improves because of increased commodity prices. Climate change generally decreases US farm revenue because production increases and prices fall. Results also show a heterogeneous effect of climate change on pest management intensities across major crops.     

The uses of social and environmental health indicators in monitoring the effects of climate change

This paper argues that information collected in the field of Public Health has the potential to provide a valuable contribution to the forecasting and evaluation of the impact of climate change. The well-developed sets of social and environmental health data collected to monitor the health of human populations could also offer sensitive indicators of the effects and potential effects of climate change. City collections of public health data and general demographic information are reviewed as examples of the availability of such monitoring systems.The interests of those monitoring climate change and those monitoring health march together in other ways as well. Changes in radiation, rainfall and temperature will change food and building safety levels, as well as waste disposal capacity. People who are on the poverty line or ill, or both, have little opportunity to respond to such changes, or the strategies designed to control them. Since the Canadian Lalonde Report of 1974, health services have increasingly linked their social and physical health information to environmental data. Coordinated planning using a multidisciplinary data base and responses to change which give due regard to equity are both central considerations in responding to changes in the environment as well as to risks to human health.     

The Generational Divide in Support for Environmental Policies: European Evidence

This article examines age variations in support for environmental protection policies that affect climate change using a sample of over 14,000 respondents to a 1999 Eurobarometer survey. There is a steady decline with age in whether respondents are willing to incur higher gasoline prices to protect the environment. This relationship remains after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics. There are age-related differences in information about environmental risks, information sources about the environment, perceived health risks from climate change, and degree of worry about climate change. However, taking these factors into account does not eliminate the age variation in willingness to pay more for gasoline to protect the environment.     

人体舒适度与气候康养相关研究及应用进展

随着全球气候变化加剧和极端天气气候事件增多，加之城市化进程不断推进，人口老龄化日趋凸显，广大民众追求舒适环境进行旅居康养的需求逐年提高，气候康养产业也逐渐成为热门产业。本文基于人体舒适度，概括了国内外气候量化表征的研究成果，归纳了不同舒适度与人群健康之间的利弊关系。在此基础上对气候康养理念，康养气候资源及其康养效应，以及康养地的适宜性评价进行了梳理，展望了相关学科研究及产业发展动向，旨在促进气象医学发展，为加快实现“健康中国2030”战略目标提供参考依据。     

Seasonal to interannual prediction of air pollution in China:Review and insight

复合型大气污染对中国环境,健康和经济存在巨大的不利影响.2013年以来的减排措施有效改善了空气质量.目前,我国已进入大气污染与气候变化协同治理的关键阶段.在季节-年际尺度上,对大气污染(霾,臭氧和沙尘暴)的准确预测可以为有关部门的减排措施提供有效的科技技撑.近年来,全球科学家在理解中国气候变化,大气污染变率及相关物理机...     

中国气候与环境演变评估(I):中国气候与环境变化及未来趋势

近百年来,全球气候正经历着一次以变暖为主要特征的显著变化,全球气候与环境的重大变化对中国的气候与环境演变也产生了重大影响。来自气候、环境、海洋和经济社会科学等领域的百余位专家和学者对中国气候与环境的演变及其对自然生态系统和社会经济部门的影响进行了评估,在此基础上,提出了适应和减缓气候变化的对策。本文主要阐述在全球气候变化背景下中国气候与环境的演变,并对未来气候变化的趋势做出了预测。