强跟踪自适应SRCKF的卫星姿态确定算法

针对卫星星敏感器/陀螺姿态确定系统在空间中存在模型不确定性、状态突变和不良测量问题,该文提出了基于强跟踪自适应平方根容积卡尔曼滤波器(STSRCKF)的卫星姿态确定算法。在平方根容积卡尔曼滤波的基础上,通过引入渐消因子,解决了由于模型不确定和状态突变引起的精度下降、稳定性差和收敛慢的问题;通过增加异常检测和引入自适应因子,获得了应对不良测量的良好跟踪能力。通过仿真实验对算法进行了验证。     

顾及有色噪声的自适应粒子滤波UWB定位算法

传统卡尔曼滤波算法要求噪声模型符合高斯分布，在UWB室内定位中，由于载体本身的机制等干扰，观测噪声不仅仅是白噪声，也存在有色噪声的情况，而粒子滤波可以处理有色噪声的问题。本文通过增加似然分布自适应调整来改进粒子滤波用于目标跟踪的精度，同时研究在白噪声、有色噪声下似然分布自适应调整粒子滤波和拓展卡尔曼滤波在UWB中的优势与不同。试验结果表明：观测噪声为白噪声时，拓展卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波均可以较好地实现对行人的定位跟踪；观测噪声为有色噪声时，自适应粒子滤波定位效果优于粒子滤波、拓展卡尔曼滤波。     

强跟踪抗差自适应滤波算法及其在无人机导航定位中的应用

针对Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法在无人机导航定位应用中存在滤波发散和定位精度低的问题,本文提出一种强跟踪抗差自适应滤波算法。该算法在Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法基础上,引入强跟踪技术,通过自适应渐消因子降低历史数据对当前滤波的影响,从而抑制滤波发散,增强算法的稳健性;结合量测噪声和系统噪声进行实时估计,并且在估计中加入抗差因子抑制粗差对滤波的干扰,提高定位精度。仿真结果表明,该算法在发生滤波发散和粗差干扰的情况下能够表现出良好的滤波性能,较Sage-Husa算法有更强的稳健性。     

强跟踪自适应卡尔曼滤波在高铁沉降监测中的应用

以高铁沉降监测为应用背景,研究了一种强跟踪自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,并将其与其他几种卡尔曼滤波算法进行仿真对比。结果表明,滤波算法具有较高的精度和较强的跟踪能力。     

一种基于渐消因子的区间卡尔曼滤波器方法

在噪声环境中,运动目标发生稳态突变会降低卡尔曼滤波器的滤波性能,进而导致组合导航的可靠性降低,导航系统抗干扰能力下降,影响导航的精确度。为了提高卡尔曼滤波器性能,提高抗干扰能力和导航精度,在采用基于卡尔曼滤波器的超紧耦合同时,提出一种新型的基于渐消因子的区间卡尔曼滤波器算法。该算法通过引入渐消因子和区间矩阵对滤波器增益矩阵进行实时调整,并利用区间运算中的交集运算将各种误差源约束到交集区间,进而保证在区间运算中保真集合映射的完备性并取得最优化。结果显示,该算法能够克服原有滤波器算法的缺陷,在噪声环境中提升对稳态突变目标的跟踪能力,且在噪声中滤波器效果提高,算法计算量没有明显增加。     

Sage滤波器的发散问题解决

提出了一种新的次优Sage自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法通过对滤波器发散的综合抑制，有效提高了滤波器的数值稳定性。     

Sage-Husa随机加权无迹卡尔曼滤波及其在导航中的应用

在吸收Sage-Husa滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波优点的基础上,利用随机加权估计算法将传统的定义在线性系统上的Sage-Husa噪声估计器推广到非线性系统中,提出一种非线性Sage-Husa随机加权无迹卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法首先利用Sage滤波的开窗平滑方法求得观测残差向量和新息(预测残差)向量的协方差阵;然后用随机加权自适应因子对观测残差和预测残差进行调节;最后对状态预报向量的协方差矩阵进行自适应随机加权估计,以控制观测残差和预测残差对导航精度的影响。计算结果表明,提出的非线性Sage-Husa随机加权无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,滤波精度明显优于无迹卡尔曼滤波和自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,能够提高组合导航的解算精度。     

基于MCS-SCKF的超宽带室内定位算法

针对传统超宽带（UWB）室内定位中非线性跟踪问题,基于当前统计（CS）模型和容积卡尔曼滤波（CKF）,本文提出了一种新的定位算法。即采用奇异值分解（SVD）代替标准CKF算法中的Cholesky分解,提高了算法的稳定性,构造了奇异值分解容积卡尔曼滤波器（SCKF）。首先在CS模型的基础上改进了先验参数的函数形式,得到改进的CS模型（MCS）,实现模型参数的自适应调整;然后将MCS模型引入SCKF滤波器,实现滤波算法的自适应调整;最后利用MCS-SCKF算法对UWB定位系统模型进行解算,从而得到移动目标位置。仿真和试验结果表明,该算法优于CS模型-卡尔曼滤波算法（CS-KF）和CS模型-SCKF算法（CS-SCKF）,提高了UWB室内定位的定位精度。     

分布式导航星座自主导航算法研究

针对卫星导航系统本身提供的服务中存在可用性、可靠性和地面测站布设不足的缺陷,一些国家和地区相继采用自主导航技术来提升导航星座性能。概要分析介绍了导航星座自主导航技术发展,讨论了EKF和UKF算法的发展情况,对新近发展的多模型自适应卡尔曼滤波、基于神经网络调节的自适应卡尔曼滤波、基于自适应因子的卡尔曼滤波和自适应抗差卡尔曼滤波算法等改进滤波算法进行了综合分析与比较,并对分布式自主导航方法的发展方向进行了展望。     

自适应抗差KF-UKF的超宽带导航定位方法

针对超宽带导航定位中量测信息异常误差和非线性滤波问题,该文提出了一种基于自适应抗差卡尔曼滤波-无迹卡尔曼滤波(KF-UKF)的超宽带导航定位算法。该算法首先利用卡尔曼滤波计算预测状态向量及其协方差矩阵,利用无迹卡尔曼滤波进行量测更新;然后利用先验阈值和预测残差构建量测噪声的抗差协方差矩阵,以减少量测信息异常误差的影响,同时利用自适应因子对算法进行调节和修正。结果表明,该算法能有效地抑制并消除超宽带测距中量测信息异常误差的影响,能有效地处理状态模型误差的影响,提高超宽带导航定位的精度和稳定性,同时拥有比无迹卡尔曼滤波算法更高的计算效率。     

基于EKF的北斗B1C信号数据/导频联合跟踪方法

针对北斗B1C信号在低载噪比情况下跟踪精度低的问题，提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）的北斗B1C信号数据/导频联合跟踪方法.通过构建数据/导频双通道联合跟踪模型，增加对B1C信号利用率，并在联合跟踪模型的基础上引入扩展卡尔曼滤波器，削弱传统跟踪环路中鉴别器和环路滤波器带来的跟踪误差，进一步提高跟踪环路对低载噪比信号的跟踪性能.仿真结果验证:在低载噪比情况下，相比于传统单导频通道跟踪、单导频扩展卡尔曼跟踪和联合跟踪，该方法可以有效提高跟踪精度.      

基于模糊理论构造的自适应滤波算法

本文在自适应滤波原理的基础上,结合模糊控制理论,提出了一种基于模糊控制的自适应滤波方法,它是基于滤波处理后的数据残差构造一模糊控制器来自适应控制卡尔曼滤波器的自适应因子α,从而合理调节动力学模型对导航解的贡献。并通过算例验证了该方法的可行性、有效性。     

一种数值稳定的次优并行Sage自适应滤波器

提出了一种新的次优Sage自适应Kalman滤波算法。该算法通过对滤波器发散的综合抑制，有效提高了滤波器的数值稳定性，针对经典次优Sage滤波器经常存在结果偏移现象，设计了一种附加伴随滤波器的并行滤波结构，消除了结果偏移，提高了滤波精度。     

Double-filter model with modified Kalman filter for baseband signal pre-processing with application to ultra-tight GPS/INS integration

In federated design of ultra-tight GPS/INS integrated system, the baseband signal pre-processing is completed in a single pre-filter assigned for each channel. As the state space model of this single pre-filter includes the code tracking errors coupled with carrier tracking errors, ionospheric errors and normalized signal amplitude, the carrier tracking process may be destroyed. Also, the measurement noises are not independent any longer after passing through the code and carrier discriminators. Therefore, we propose a double-filter-based pre-filter model that distributes the carrier and code tracking into two independent filters: a conventional pre-filter, where the normalized signal amplitude is excluded from the state space and tracks only the code signal, and a 3-dimension state filter, tracking the carrier signal. The measurement information from both filters is a scalar quantity, which removes most of the noise correlation. To further improve the performance of the double-filter-based pre-filter model, we propose a modified Kalman filter algorithm. Simulation and field tests have been conducted, and the performance analysis has been done for the following configurations in a vector-tracking mode: double-filter model with modified Kalman filter, double-filter model with conventional Kalman filter and traditional single-filter model. The preliminary analysis indicates that the double-filter model with modified Kalman filter shows the best performance in tracking and navigation domains, while the traditional single-filter model shows a sub-optimal performance.     

粒子滤波算法在GPS/DR组合导航中的应用

针对建议分布函数的选择问题,系统地分析比较了改进的粒子滤波算法。在此基础上提出了一种新的粒子滤波算法——自适应渐消扩展Kalman粒子滤波方法。该方法用渐消扩展Kalman滤波产生建议分布函数,由于参数的可在线调节性,使得系统具有更好的自适应性和鲁棒性。与用转移先验、扩展Kalman滤波、自适应扩展Kalman滤波、迭代扩展Kalman滤波以及无迹Kalman滤波产生建议分布函数的粒子滤波方法相比,自适应渐消扩展Kalman粒子滤波进一步提高了粒子滤波的精度。通过对GPS与航位推算(DR)组合导航系统GPS/DR的试验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Combined L1/L2 Kalman filter-based tracking scheme for weak signal environments

A Kalman filter-based method combining the energy of both L1 C/A and L2C GPS signals in a combined tracking loop method to enhance performance under adverse conditions is developed. Standard tracking methods and the ionospheric effect on GPS signals are reviewed and compared to a new Kalman filter that simultaneously estimates delay, phase and total electron content by combining L1 C/A and L2C code and phase discriminator outputs. The new filter is tested and compared to standard methods for tracking L1 C/A and L2C using both simulated and real data. The new method is found to have improved sensitivity of 3 dB compared to standard L1 tracking and 4.5 dB compared to standard L2C tracking while at the same time providing an accurate estimate of the total electron content along the signal path.     

Robust adaptive filter for shipborne kinematic positioning and velocity determination during the Baltic Sea experiment

Information on trajectory and attitude is essential for analyzing gravimetric data collected on kinematic platforms. Usually, a Kalman filter is used to obtain high-accuracy positional and velocity information. However, this can be affected by measurement outliers and by state disturbances that occur frequently under a fast-changing environment. To overcome these problems, a robust adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm is applied for state estimates, which introduces an equivalent weight to resist measurement outliers and an optimal adaptive factor to balance the contributions of the kinematic model information and the measurements. In addition to the conventional robust estimator, an improved Current Statistical (CS) model is proposed. The improved CS model adopts a variance adaptive learning algorithm, and it can perform self-adaptation of acceleration variance with the innovation information; thus, it can overcome the shortcoming of lower tracking accuracy and avoid setting the maximum acceleration. Following a gravimetry campaign on the Baltic Sea, it is shown in theory and in practice that the robust adaptive Kalman filter is not only simple in its calculation but also more reliable in controlling the colored observation noise and kinematic state disturbance compared with the classical Kalman filter. The improved CS model performs best, especially when analyzing the positioning errors at the turns due to the target maneuvering. Compared to the CS model, the RMS values of the positional estimates derived from the improved CS model decrease by almost 30% in the horizontal direction, and no significant improvement in the vertical direction is found.