不同卫星高度角对GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo融合定位的影响

研究不同卫星高度角对GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo(G+R+B+E)融合定位的影响,并建立了相应的模型. 采用MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)提供的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)数据,经理论分析和算例表明:G+R+B+E组合使得参与定位的有效卫星增多,在不同的卫星高度角下均能保证较多的卫星数,保证较好的空间几何分布结构;组合系统达到一定的卫星数后,卫星高度角对定位结果影响不大;当卫星高度角大于30°时,相对于单一的GPS定位G+R+B+E在3D方向的外符合定位精度有所改善.      

GPS／GLoNASS／GALILEo组合导航DOP值及可用性分析

针对采用单卫星定位系统时,在城市高楼密集区和位于深山峡谷的水库、电站、矿山等环境下,GNSS用户接收到的卫星个数少且卫星分布不佳导致的可用性下降、定位精度较差的问题,提出多系统组合的定位方法。利用GPS、GLONASS及GALILE0系统的轨道参数模拟卫星星座,计算不同卫星高度角下单系统及组合系统的DOP值,根据DOP值分析其可用性。研究表明：在全球时空范围内、相同卫星高度角下,组合系统的可用性高于单系统,三系统组合的可用性高于双系统组合。     

中国区域内单Galileo卫星导航系统定位性能评估

随着欧盟伽利略(Galileo)卫星系统的全面完成组网建设,其在中国区域定位性能需进一步进行评估。本文利用中国及周边区域的6个多全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)实验系统(MEGX)测站分别从卫星可视数、定位位置精度因子(PDOP)值和静态精密单点定位技术(PPP)方面对单Galileo卫星系统在中国区域内的定位性能进行了研究。结果表明：当卫星高度角设置为7°时,24 h内各测站可接收到的平均卫星数约为7.3颗,定位PODP约为2.2,能较好地满足中国区域全天候单点定位;对于单天静态解和4 h静态解,无论是非差非组合还是无电离层组合,均可实现在水平方向小于2.3 cm,高程方向小于4.5 cm的定位精度,且6个测站的平均收敛时间约为36.4 min;根据卫星可视数和PDOP值分布可知,中国的东部、中部和南部卫星可视数和PDOP值最好,Galileo定位服务性能在该区域相对更优。     

GPS／BDS／GLONASS组合伪距单点定位性能测试与分析

本文以高山峡谷地区以及城市建筑群区域GNSS卫星受山体及建筑物遮挡的实际问题为出发点,通过选取不同的卫星方位角模拟不同遮挡环境,研究GPS／BDS、GPS／GLONAS和GPS／BDS／GLONASS组合系统伪距单点定位模型对于单GPS、单BDS系统在不同遮挡环境下的定位精度和三维导航可用性等方面的改善情况。结果表明,组合系统相对于单系统,增加了可见卫星数,降低了PDOP值,当观测条件不佳时,可以很好地改善定位精度和提高三维导航可用性。      

多系统GNSS卫星可见性全球时空变化分析

多系统GNSS卫星组合定位成为导航系统发展的重要趋势。基于武汉大学IGS数据中心发布的精密星历,以可见卫星数及PDOP为研究对象,通过地面点仿真实验,分析多系统GNSS卫星在全球范围内可见性的时空变化,比较多系统GNSS相较单系统在卫星分布上的优势。结果表明,对于地面固定点,各GNSS系统卫星可见性的重复周期都约为24h,其中GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo 4系统的卫星可见性稳定性最高,单GPS系统较差;相较于GPS单系统,GPS/BDS双系统在亚太地区的可见卫星数由7~13颗提高到15~23颗,而GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo 4系统在欧亚和亚太地区的可见卫星数提高到24~30颗。     

GPS、Galileo及其组合系统导航定位的DOP值分析

利用Galileo系统的轨道参数模拟了Galileo系统的卫星位置，并计算出DOP值，比较了同一地点同时段内GPS和Galileo的能见卫星个数及DOP值。与单个系统相比，GPS／Galileo组合在任意地点、任意时刻的观测卫星个数增加．其DOP值明显变小；同时计算了组合系统在不同卫星高度角情况下的DOP值变化，发现在卫星高度角较高时仍可以接收到四颗以上的卫星．其DOP值也能达到导航定位的要求。     

《全球导航卫星系统原理与应用》一书已由测绘出版社出版

由党亚民等编著的《全球导航卫星系统原理与应用》一书近13已由测绘出版社出版。该书系统介绍了全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的基本原理和应用，分别介绍了GNSS导航定位的时空基准、GNSS卫星运动和卫星星历、GNSS卫星信号和定位原理、GNSS动静态定位原理、GNSS数据处理、GNSS导航定位技术应用以及各种全球导航卫星系统的技术发展。     

一种GNSS/视觉观测紧组合导航定位算法研究

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)在弱信号环境下,GNSS信号易受到遮挡或者电磁干扰,严重影响导航定位的可靠性、连续性和精度. 针对此问题,本文作者研究了一种GNSS和视觉观测紧组合导航定位方法. 首先基于相机采集图像数据,利用ORB-SLAM2开源平台求解得到视觉位置结果增量,再联合GNSS伪距观测数据采用卡尔曼滤波(KF)进行组合定位解算. 采用实测的GNSS伪距观测数据和图像数据进行测试,试验结果表明:该算法不仅能有效地提升GNSS弱信号环境下导航定位的连续性和精度,还能在卫星数少于4颗时保持持续导航定位.      

Android智能手机GNSS数据质量分析

随着全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的不断建设,智能手机基于移动位置服务 (LBS)得到了迅猛发展. 文中选取市面上常见的3种手机机型,包括:三星S9+(Exynos)、华为Mate30和华为P40 Pro作为研究对象,并使用北斗星通UR4B0-D高性能GNSS接收机进行同步静态观测实验,从卫星可见数、载噪比(CNR)、卫星高度角和多路径误差等方面,对手机GNSS数据质量进行分析. 结果表明:不同型号手机在观测能力和数据质量方面存在明显差异. Android智能手机的GNSS数据质量较差,CNR较小,且CNR与卫星高度角无明显关系. 此外,多路径误差是影响Android智能手机高精度定位的主要误差项之一.      

单频到五频多系统GNSS精密单点定位参数估计与应用

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)已发展至多频多系统时代,特别以我国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)为代表的四大全球导航卫星系统可全天时、全天候播发十几个频率的伪距、相位和多普勒等观测信息。多频多系统GNSS为用户提供更多的观测数据和组合选择,为精密定位、导航和授时(PNT)应用带来了新的机遇,如高精度位置服务、大地测量、空间天气和灾害监测等。但多频多系统GNSS观测为精密单点定位(PPP)组合模型和系统偏差及大气延迟估计等带来诸多问题和挑战。本文给出了单频到五频多系统GNSS精密单点定位(PPP)模型,估计和评估了单频到五频多系统GNSS PPP定位精度、接收机钟差、对流层延迟、卫星和接收机硬件延迟,以及频间偏差。给出了GNSS PPP最新应用进展,包括GNSS气象学、电离层模拟、时间频率传递、建筑物安全和地震监测及其应用。结果表明,多频多系统极大地提高了GNSS PPP参数估计的精度和可靠性,具有重要的应用价值。最后给出了多频多系统GNSS PPP应用前景与展望。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。