基于相位相关的小基高比影像匹配方法

在建筑物密集、高度起伏变化剧烈的城市地区测绘中,采用大基高比摄影测量方案容易造成立体影像之间较大的辐射和几何差异,使得相关匹配处理异常困难。小基高比摄影测量能在一定程度上解决这一难题,但却要求极其精确的视差测量精度,常规的影像匹配方法难以奏效。这里在相位相关方法的基础上,分别利用局部上采样技术和奇异值分解等技术,对小基高比立体影像进行处理,在一定条件下可获得亚像素精度的匹配结果和较好的高程精度。     

改进相位相关算法的小基高比影像亚像素匹配

相位相关技术在视频图像监测、遥感影像匹配和计算机视觉领域有着广泛的运用,本文在简要介绍相位相关基础上,提出了一种针对小基高比影像改进的相位相关算法。该算法先利用传统相位相关算法计算立体像对的整体相对视差,然后在参考影像和匹配影像中逐点分别做开窗处理,对每个窗口采用Hanning窗进行变换,再进行相位相关得到互功率谱函数,对该函数进行SVD分解和相位解缠得到行和列两个方向上的一维相位信息,对行和列相位进行处理并做最小二乘估计,即可得到逐点的亚像素级视差。当立体像对上所有点的视差计算完后,采用中值填充的方法,对匹配结果差的进行剔除和代换,得到所有点的亚像素级的视差。实验证明,本文提出的改进相位相关算法具有较高的匹配精度和成功率。     

基于数字视差模型和改进SIFT特征的数字近景立体影像匹配

针对数字近景立体摄影测量中立体影像的高效自动匹配的需要,提出一种基于数字视差模型（digital parallax model,DPM）和改进SIFT(scale invariable feature transformation)特征的立体影像匹配算法。该算法首先根据近景立体摄影系统中相机基距和相互关系固定的特点,利用已知的标定数据,构建立体影像的数字视差模型,并计算立体影像中的同名核线参数,再在DPM和核线的约束下,确定右影像上同名像点的搜索范围,以提高匹配速度和准确性;其次,利用SIFT特征和灰度特征,设计结合局部结构信息和全局灰度信息的匹配相似性测度计算模型,以增强匹配的稳健性。利用该算法对实际立体影像进行实验,结果表明本文方法可大大消减错误匹配,提高匹配的可靠性和精度。     

小基高比摄影测量方法及实验分析

传统摄影测量在影像分辨率给定的前提下,为获得尽可能高的高程精度,基本上都采用大基高比(0.6~1)的方案,以实现地形三维信息的可靠高精度的提取。在影像获取系统严格标定和影像匹配精度较高的情况下,小基高比摄影测量同样可以重建可靠的三维信息。文中从数学的角度探讨小基高比立体像对重建高程信息的可能性。对不同基高比的航空影像进行的实验表明,在特征明显区域小基高比立体像对可以获取可靠的高精度的高程信息。     

利用改进的相位相关算法实现影像亚像素匹配

在影像匹配领域,影像频率域的相位相关技术有着重要的运用。首先简要介绍相位相关基础;然后,接着为了得到亚像素级的匹配精度,提出了一种改进的基于SVD(奇异值分解)相位相关算法。该算法采用Hanning窗来抑制栅栏效应,并采用带权值的相位解缠技术对SVD分解后的特征向量进行处理。最后通过实验证明:提出的改进方法在影像匹配中具有较高的匹配精度。     

遥感影像在最大极值范围的并行稳定匹配

针对目前立体影像匹配时普遍存在的配准稳定性与配准精度不能同时兼顾问题,该文采用金字塔和分块策略,首先在多尺度空间下进行粗匹配,获得大量的初始特征点集;然后通过限制金字塔影像的阶数对初始特征点进行坏点剔除和滤点均匀化来获得良好的初始特征点;最后通过进行分块影像并行化SIFT算法匹配来实现精确匹配,提高效率.实验结果证明,此遥感立体影像并行稳定匹配方法能够提高匹配的效率,对影像的旋转、缩放和视角变换具有更强的抵抗性,其配准精度较高,适用于大范围的遥感立体影像的匹配.     

遥感影像在最大极值范围的并行稳定匹配（英文）

针对目前立体影像匹配时普遍存在的配准稳定性与配准精度不能同时兼顾问题,该文采用金字塔和分块策略,首先在多尺度空间下进行粗匹配,获得大量的初始特征点集;然后通过限制金字塔影像的阶数对初始特征点进行坏点剔除和滤点均匀化来获得良好的初始特征点;最后通过进行分块影像并行化SIFT算法匹配来实现精确匹配,提高效率。实验结果证明,此遥感立体影像并行稳定匹配方法能够提高匹配的效率,对影像的旋转、缩放和视角变换具有更强的抵抗性,其配准精度较高,适用于大范围的遥感立体影像的匹配。     

嫦娥三号导航相机测图能力分析及地形重建

基于立体相机成像模型并结合相机参数对嫦娥三号导航相机3维测图能力进行分析,利用摄影测量原理和误差传播定律对巡视器30 m范围内的DEM精度进行了理论分析,推导出导航相机立体影像获得的采样点精度公式,并绘制了DEM的平面精度图和高程精度图;同时使用多线程技术开发了基于导航相机立体影像的地形快速重建算法,利用多线程技术完成影像的特征匹配和密集匹配,并通过分块内插生成DEM。该技术应用于嫦娥三号任务中,有力地支持了嫦娥三号遥操作路径规划相关任务。     

基于边缘梯度投影图的航空影像初始视差确定

通过对航空立体像对及其边缘影像的分析,提出了一种新的航空影像初始视差的确定方法。试验表明,该算法能准确地确定纹理单一、影像对比度小的航空立体影像对的初始视差,可明显提高影像匹配的精度和可靠性。     

宽基线立体影像Harris-Laplace特征的最小二乘匹配算法

针对宽基线立体影像匹配的困难,本文提出一种基于Harris-Laplace的最小二乘匹配算法.算法基于Harris-Laplace特征检测器获得精度较高的初始特征点,对初始特征点进行NCC匹配,并应用基本矩阵F与单应矩阵H估计剔除误匹配点对,采用距离加权最小二乘匹配算法进行扩展匹配并同时保留定位精度较高的原始Harri...     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。