气象信息网络系统病毒预防的若干措施

针对计算机网络病毒日益猖獗且其传播途径越来越多、传播速度越来越快的事实,联系气象信息网络系统病毒预防工作实际,归纳出病毒对气象信息网络系统造成的6种安全隐患,提出了气象信息网络系统病毒预防的5项基本措施,最后指出了气象信息网络系统病毒预防中应注意的问题。     

专业气象信息网络服务系统的设计

扼要介绍武汉气象中心专业气象信息服务系统的现状,并从网络系统的高效性,安全性、实用性以及气象信息商业化出发,提出了一种适合省级气象部门的新型气象信息网络服务体系方法。     

气候越来越暖，喜马拉雅山的蝴蝶越飞越高

11月6-7日,青海省气象信息中心配合国家信息中心网络室完成了青海省全国气象宽带网络省级通信与网络系统的建设和测试。     

省级气象信息传输流程及其调整

近年来随着气象现代化建设的不断发展，陕西气象通信网络系统和全国省以上气象通信网络系统分别建成地面宽带通信网，省级气象信息传输流程和路由随之进行调整。随着气象业务的不断发展和拓展，气象信息种类、数量急剧增加，不同的气象信息其传输流程和传输路由不同。网络业务人员如果能够熟练掌握各类气象信息传输的流程和路由，将有利于及时排除故障，保证各类气象信息的正常传输，提高各类气象信息的传输时效和通信质量。[第一段]     

省级预警气象信息发布系统的网络设计与实现

省级预警气象信息发布平台网络系统是充分利用省级电子政务外网平台,建设一套面向省级-地市级-区县级的突发公共事件预警信息发布管理平台的网络系统.包括以电子政务外网为主干通信网络,连接省、市、县三级发布管理平台和预警信息发布单位;以气象业务网为系统备份网络,对省、市、县三级发布管理平台之间的通信链路进行备份,保证三级发布管理平台之间通信的可靠性,旨在将此设计提升为一种通用模型,提供业界借鉴与参考.     

四川省气象信息共享系统建设初探

气象信息共享系统是气象信息系统建设的目标。本文从新的业务技术体制改革对省级气象信息系统的要求出发,结合我省实际,围绕四川省气象信息共享系统的构建,对全省信息网络系统的组成和构架、信息收集传输系统和流程、以数据库为核心的信息信息管理系统以及气象信息应用系统的建设提出初步设想,旨在为我省气象信息系统的构建提供一个探讨的基础。     

四川省气象信息共享系统建设初探

气象信息共享系统是气象信息系统建设的目标.本文从新的业务技术体制改革对省级气象信息系统的要求出发,结合我省实际,围绕四川省气象信息共享系统的构建,对全省信息网络系统的组成和构架、信息收集传输系统和流程、以数据库为核心的信息信息管理系统以及气象信息应用系统的建设提出初步设想,旨在为我省气象信息系统的构建提供一个探讨的基础.     

四川省气象信息网络系统状况简介

从技术角度阐述了四川省市州局及县局气象信息网络系统的构成、气象数据信息流程，结合具体情况，介绍了实际应用的几种不同的网络间互联及网络通信模式。     

吉林省气象网络实时业务系统的更新

吉林省气象网络实时业务系统的更新周晓红，张鑫晶１引言“全国气象信息网络系统”是由各级气象部门的计算机局域网，通过长途通信电路互联组成。为保证气象信息传输业务的正常运行，由国家气象中心制定了《气象信息网络系统资料传输业务规程》方案，要求全国各地级气象部...     

浅谈恶劣天气下无线转报的问题及应急处理方法

短波单边带数传网是全区气象信息网络系统的重要组成部分，网络系统建设实行集中管理。内蒙古气象台无线转报科承担内蒙古10家气象无线电发报台站的各类气象信息、办公、报数据件的采集、编辑和传输。承担着10台站航空危险天气报的传输任务。因短波信道是一种复杂的时变信道，它稳     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...