湖南瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床成矿系统

湖南瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床是南岭成矿带具有代表性的矿床。长期以来,对脉型钨矿床的成矿岩体特征及各种不同类型矿化的空间与演化关系一直存在争论。文章以瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床为研究对象,在野外地质调查的基础上,针对成矿岩体、含钨石英脉及与之相关的矿化开展地质地球化学研究工作,探讨了岩浆-热液演化过程中形成的各类矿化现象,从而建立了脉型钨矿床成矿系统。在瑶岗仙钨矿床中,成矿地质体即成矿花岗岩为碱长花岗岩,主要矿化类型包括岩浆岩型、云英岩析离体、云英岩脉、石英脉和毒砂黄玉层等,分布于岩体顶部接触带附近。成矿作用可划分为岩浆晚期阶段、岩浆热液过渡阶段、岩浆期后热液阶段,岩浆岩型矿石形成于岩浆晚期,云英岩析离体和云英岩脉等形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段,石英脉和毒砂黄玉层主要形成于热液阶段,岩浆阶段→热液阶段的演化是连续的。成矿花岗岩侵位深度约为2~3 km,提供了主要成矿物质与成矿流体。成矿系统相对封闭,外来成矿物质和流体较少,含钨石英脉主要以快速充填的形式形成于岩浆固结之后。瑶岗仙矿床含钨石英脉控制垂深达1300 m,"五层楼"垂向分带不明显,顶部未出现细脉带和线脉带,而在石英大脉的顶部出现横向交代形成的毒砂黄玉层。研究表明,瑶岗仙矿区脉型钨矿床成矿系统保存较完整,代表系统顶部的毒砂黄玉层保存完好,剥蚀水平正好达到岩体顶部。     

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床包裹体与成矿流体特征研究

<正>湖南瑶岗仙是南岭地区重要的钨矿床之一,在瑶岗仙矿区发育有两种类型的钨矿:石英脉型黑钨矿和矽卡岩型白钨矿。由于瑶岗仙复式岩体在空间上与瑶岗仙矿田相近,而且在时间上,前人认为瑶岗仙复式岩体成岩的绝对年龄为157¹58 Ma之间(李顺庭等,2011),并通过对瑶岗仙石英脉型黑钨矿床中与石英脉共生的辉钼矿     

江西东坪石英脉型黑钨矿矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿标志

东坪钨矿床是近年在赣北地区新发现的首个超大型石英脉型黑钨矿矿床,位于长江中下游成矿带幕阜山地区东坪-香炉山钨矿找矿远景区东部。矿床赋矿层位为新元古代双桥山群安乐林组浅变质岩系,北东向断裂及其两侧的次级裂隙为区内主要控矿构造、容矿构造,隐伏的燕山晚期黑云母二长花岗岩为成矿岩体,与区内钨多金属成矿关系密切的为石英脉状硅化;两个矿带的钨矿体均产于成矿岩体外接触带,呈现了石英脉型黑钨矿矿床典型的"五层楼"分带特征,矿石工业类型主要为黑钨矿矿石;明确了构造和岩浆岩等主要控矿因素;总结出地表微细裂隙云英岩化-黄铁矿化蚀变带、含硫化物石英细脉带、石英脉、重砂及地球化学异常为区内主要找矿标志。     

粤北红岭钨矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究

粤北红岭钨矿为产于热水复式岩体之中的大型钨多金属矿床,矿化类型为石英脉型黑钨矿化和岩体蚀变岩型白钨矿化。红岭岩体蚀变岩型白钨矿赋存于燕山期云英岩化白云母花岗岩中,围岩蚀变主要有钾长石化、钠长石化、云英岩化、硅化和绿泥石化,一些蚀变在空间分布上经常相互重迭,其中云英岩化与矿化关系最为密切。红岭钨矿床存在富液相气液两相包裹体及富CO_2包裹体。石英脉型钨矿及岩体蚀变岩型钨矿成矿流体为中低温中等密度流体。石英脉型钨矿成矿流体的气相成分主要为H_2O,还含有CO_2、N_2、H_2等;包裹体流体成分主要为H_2O,含有CaSO_4、KCl、NaCl等。石英脉型钨矿中石英δ~(18)O值为11.0‰~13.4‰,δD值为-92.3‰~-60.4‰,结合流体包裹体温度及前人研究成果表明:成矿流体在演化过程中发生了沸腾作用,且石英脉型钨矿有大气降水参与,岩体蚀变岩型钨矿基本未受大气降水影响,而是受到岩浆热液系统的控制。     

赣北发现“五层楼”式石英脉型黑钨矿矿床——东坪黑钨矿矿床的发现及其地质意义

据江西省武宁县东坪矿床2015年最新勘查成果,初步认为此矿床是典型的"五层楼式"石英脉型黑钨矿床。矿床规模巨大,成矿岩体为早白垩世黑云母二长花岗岩,矿区蚀变以脉状硅化为主,硅化脉垂向上自下发育线脉带→细脉带→薄脉带→大脉带→尖灭带,其中前四个石英脉带均产出于外接触带双桥山群,巨脉带-尖灭带发育于岩体中。金属矿物以黑钨矿、黄铜矿为主,次为磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、毒砂、辉银矿、辉铋矿、黄铁矿、少量辉铜矿、白钨矿、蓝铜矿、褐铁矿等。综合研究表明,推断深部岩体与围岩的内接触带存在似层状蚀变花岗岩型钨铜矿体,同时矿区外围该类矿床的找矿潜力大。该矿床的发现结束了赣北至今没有发现典型"五层楼"式石英脉型黑钨矿床的历史,也是构成了"南钨北扩"的重要矿床,对赣北地区找矿突破具有极其重要的指导意义。     

内蒙古维拉斯托-拜仁达坝斑岩-热液脉状成矿体系研究

维拉斯托锡-钨-铷矿床是内蒙古克什克腾北部区新发现的一处大型斑岩型锡-钨-铷多金属矿床。矿床主要产出于锡林浩特杂岩和石炭纪石英闪长岩中,与石英斑岩体的侵位具有成因联系。该斑岩型矿床与之前发现的维拉斯托和拜仁达坝脉状矿床组成了一个由高温向中低温逐渐演化、过渡的斑岩-热液脉状锡-钨-铷-铜-锌-铅-银成矿体系。该成矿体系中成矿作用主要由四个阶段组成,即：(1)早期钠-钙-锶蚀变阶段锡-钨-铷矿化,(2)中期云英岩化阶段锡-钨矿化,(3)后期硅化、绢英岩化阶段铜-锌-铅-银矿化,以及(4)晚期无矿化阶段。钠-钙-锶蚀变阶段蚀变矿物主要为钠长石和天河石,伴随浸染状锡石、铁闪锌矿和黑钨矿化,含少量的毒砂和砷铋矿;云英岩化蚀变矿物主要为石英和棕色白云母,含少量的萤石,以锡石、黝铜矿和黑钨矿化为主,含少量的毒砂、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、铁闪锌矿、辉钼矿等;硅化-绢云母化蚀变矿物主要由石英、绿色绢云母、萤石组成,晚期蚀变叠加了明显的高岭土化、伊利石化和绿泥石化,该阶段形成大量的块状硫化物,以黄铁矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、铁闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和含银黝铜矿为主。成矿体系内金属矿物组合和蚀变矿物组合显示成矿热液具有低氧逸度、低硫逸度和偏酸性的特征。成矿体系具有明显的蚀变分带和元素分带。蚀变分带主要体现为深部石英斑岩体中的钠-钙-锶蚀变带,近岩体的云英岩化蚀变带,以及远离岩体的硅化、绢云母化蚀变带。元素分带主要体现为近源（岩体）为锡-钨-铷矿化,铜、锌、铅和银矿化则依次向外产出。从元素分带的特征显示成矿物质从持续向外流动的热液中顺序卸载可能是这种分带性形成的根本原因,这种分带特征也是成矿热液运移方向的直接指示。该成矿体系内强烈富集大离子亲石元素,显示岩浆阶段的分异是成矿物质积聚的原因。元素的分带特征显示,热液阶段的分异则是成矿物质卸载的原因。维拉斯托斑岩型锡-钨-铷多金属矿床的发现为该地区大量脉状铅-锌-银矿床指出了新的找矿方向。     

石英脉型钨矿床中云英岩析离体及岩浆液态分异成矿研究——以湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床为例

云英岩析离体(包体)常见于南岭地区石英脉型(黑)钨矿床的成矿花岗岩体顶部附近,这些析离体多呈不规则椭球状,与寄主岩石花岗岩围岩界线明显,无与外面连通的脉体或构造,分布无规律。在湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床,云英岩析离体赋存于瑶岗仙岩体主体的灰色斑状碱长花岗岩Ⅰ中,大部分有分带,外带为云英岩化碱长花岗岩,富含辉钼矿,最高达5%以上,钠长石An平均为0.64;内核部分为云英岩,主要矿物组合为白云母、石英、萤石、黄玉、黑钨矿等,与黑钨矿石英脉相同,其黑钨矿含量最高达20%以上,属热液沉淀形成。云英岩析离体整体呈现出浆液过渡态流体作用的特征,是富Li-F碱长花岗岩浆液态分异作用的产物。与碱长花岗岩围岩相比,析离体中富集金属元素W、Mo、Bi及Li、Rb等元素,相对贫Co、Ni、Sr、Ba等元素,Cu、Pb、Zn的含量变化不明显。这种元素富集规律与区域岩浆演化趋势基本一致,显示岩浆晚期液态分异形成浆液过渡态流体是W等成矿元素富集的重要机制,但这一机制并不会导致Pb、Zn的富集,这一点不同于矽卡岩型钨矿床。石英脉型(黑)钨矿床的成矿地质体是灰色斑状碱长花岗岩Ⅰ,云英岩析离体是该岩体岩浆液态分异的结果,可以作为识别碱长花岗岩含矿性的重要标志(寻找石英脉型钨矿矿床)。     

广东乐昌禾尚田钨矿矿化特征与成因

禾尚田钨矿主要发育于天子岭组下段和中段碳酸盐岩中,围岩蚀变有大理岩化、云英岩化和矽卡岩化;其矿脉类型为石英脉、长石脉和云英岩脉;矿石矿物有黑钨矿、白钨矿、锡石、毒砂、萤石等.该矿床属特大型钨矿,具有多种矿化类型叠加、多阶段成矿的特点.     

瑶岗仙脉钨矿床地质特征与找矿标志

瑶岗仙钨矿是湖南首次发现的"五层楼"式脉钨矿床.矿区位于湖南东西构造带北缘.区内寒武纪变质砂板岩构成南北向基底复式背斜,寒武系是含矿的主要层位.上覆泥盆纪砂岩、灰岩和侏罗纪砂页岩,组成新华夏系复式背斜,背斜两翼不对称,北陡南缓,轴向北东-北北东.燕山早期复式花岗岩侵入其中,构成含矿围岩之一.瑶岗仙钨矿赋存于燕山早期花岗岩体内外接触带,以外带为主,尤以岩体隆起部位的中心地带最发育.矿内四组(北北西、北西、北西西及近东西向)脉带是迄今矿区发现的规模最大、下延最深、品位较富的隐伏     

湖南瑶岗仙矽卡岩型白钨矿床成矿流体演化特征研究

湖南瑶岗仙超大型钨矿床位于南岭成矿带中段,主要由石英脉型黑钨矿矿脉和矽卡岩型白钨矿矿体组成.前人对瑶岗仙石英脉型黑钨矿矿体开展了较为详细研究,但对矽卡岩型白钨矿的研究则相对较少,有关其矿体特征、成矿过程及其与石英脉型矿化的成因联系尚不清楚.本文在矿床地质研究基础上,将瑶岗仙矽卡岩型钨矿床分为早期石榴子石-透辉石-白钨矿...     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the