强余震“等待时间”判别方案预报效能的研究

通过系统清理１９９６年以来中国大陆７０个Ｍｓ≥５．５级地震序列的“强余震”Ｌｇ△ｔ－Ｌｇｔ关系，对强余“等待时间”判别方案预报效能进行了评估，结果表明，其回顾性预报的Ｗａｌｌｅｎ评分为：６级以上地震序列Ｖ＝０．６０，５．５级以上地震序列为０．４４，说明其在地震序列类型判断方面有一定的效能，对实际震例分析得出，该方案出判定主余型序列方面成功率较高，而对于双震或多震序列，有时会产生某些误判；对６级以上     

1937年菏泽地震地裂缝追踪研究

本文在前人研究和野外调查工作的基础上，对１９３７年菏泽７．ｏ级和子级地震地裂缝的空间展布特征、性质、成因及其与震中区附近活动断裂的关系进行了深入研究，并以此为依据对两次地震的破裂方式及发震构造进行了讨论，认为菏泽地震的破裂方式为“双震型共扼破裂”，北西向成武—东明隐伏断裂可能为７．Ｏ级地震的主要发震构造。     

鲁南地区地震活动性异常与苍山ML5.6级地震

利用《地震学分析预报方法程式指南》中的方法分析一鲁南地区的地震活动性异常，发现在苍山ＭＬ５．６级地震前，鲁南地区２３个月无ＭＬ≥２．５级地震；在１９８５年６月新泰ＭＬ４．１级地震以后，ＭＬ≥３．０级地震主要集中在新泰－苍山－莒县之间的三角地带。１９７４年以后沿苍尼断裂的ＭＬ≥３．０级地震都发生在５．６级地震震中附近。     

云南破坏性地震的人员伤亡和地面破坏特征

云南是一个地震多发区。１６５２年至１９９４年间云南地区共发生６１３次破坏性地震，其中５．０—５．９级地震５５３次，６．０—６．９级地震４９次，７．０—７．９级地震１２次，８级地震１次。云南的破坏性地震除了直接造成人员伤亡和建（构）筑物破坏外，还在震区形成包括滚石、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面沉陷和喷砂冒水等地面破坏现象，这些地面破坏造成人员伤亡，毁坏建筑物和农田，形成云南破坏性地震灾害特点。云南地区破坏性地震的人员伤亡和地面破坏主要集中发生在滇中、滇西北和滇西南地区。根据统计分析，云南地区破坏性地震的平均人员伤亡人数（Ｎ）与地震震级（Ｍ）的关系为：ｌｇＮ＝１．５Ｍ－７．４。人员伤亡数（Ｎ）与震中距Ｄ（ｋｍ）的关系为：ｌｇＮ＝０．８－０．０２７Ｄ（６．０—６．９级地震）和ｌｇＮ＝３．２－０．０５Ｄ（７级以上地震）。出现地面破坏现象的最大震中距离（Ｄｍａｘ）和震级的关系为：Ｄｍａｘ（ｋｍ）＝５２Ｍ－２９８（地表裂缝）；Ｄｍａｘ（ｋｍ）＝１８Ｍ－９３（崩塌滑坡）；Ｄｍａｘ（ｋｍ）＝５０Ｍ－２８１（滚石）。     

龙陵-澜沧断裂带双震型强震活动破裂模型讨论

龙陵地震和澜沧－耿马地震是龙陵－澜沧断裂带上两次典型的双震型强震活动,但它们在地质构造背景、应力场分布、发震构造和烈度分布等方面却具有截然不同的特点。龙陵地震发生在主要由花岗岩构成的地块内,地质构造比较均一;地震处在ＮＮＷ向挤压的统一应力场中;两主震的发震构造走向和两个Ⅸ度区长轴近于直交。澜沧－耿马地震发生在一古板块边界附近,震区构造复杂,耿马７．２级地震和澜沧７．６级地震发生于不同的应力环境中,发震构造和极震区长轴近于平行,呈斜列状分布。通过对龙陵地震和澜沧－耿马地震的对比分析,提出了双震型强震活动的共轭型和牵动型两种破裂模型,并对各自的特点及形成条件进行了初步分析     

Ns,K,R,M等值线图所展示的川滇地区强震的前兆图象

充分展示了ＮＳ,Ｋ,Ｒ,Ｍ等值线图的预测效能。这种图定量、直观。利用他捕捉到了一些有效的前兆现象,其中最主要的是：①ＭＳ≥７．０地震前３年震中附近ＭＬ≥３．５地震频数显著增加;②ＭＳ≥７．０地震前１年研究区ＭＬ≥２．０地震频数降半;③ＭＳ≥６．０地震后地震活动数年不衰的地区是未来ＭＳ≥７．０地震发生的可能地点;④孟连—普洱及其附近地区余震中心偏离主震震中逼近未来强震震中;⑤普洱地区地震活动性低,次年发生ＭＳ≥６．０地震的可能性较小。文中用广义地震成核模型对现象①进行了物理解释。     

托克逊南发生5.6级地震

１９９９年１月３０日１１时５１分,新疆托克逊南发生一次ＭＳ５．６级地震。该地震发生在塔里木盆地东北边缘,震中周围地区无明显构造出露。历史上该区未有５级以上地震活动记录,仅在１９７６年３月和１０月分别发生过ＭＳ４．８级和４．５级地震。近几年,该地区地震活动较为平静,少有３级和４级地震发生,但１月２７日曾发生一次ＭＳ４．０级地震。５．６级地震后,距震中最近的高崖子台和库尔勒台仅记录到不足１０次余震,最大震级为２．０,因此,这次５．６级地震亦属孤立型地震。震后,新疆维吾尔自治区地震局立即派出现场工作组…     

汾渭地震带地震发生的统计分析

应用极值理论、马尔科夫过程、震级－频度关系等６种方法，分别对汾渭地震带地震发生的规律性进行了讨论，各种方法取得了比较一致的预测效果。经计算得到：汾渭地震带今后５年内，有可能发生Ｍｓ＝５．０级左右的地震，发生Ｍｓ＞５．５级地震的可能性较小；Ｍｓ＝５．０、５．５级地震的复发周期分别为６年和２５年左右；自１３００年以来．其５．０级以上的地震活动存在着２３０±１０年的卓越周期。     

邢台地震窗对华北6级以上地震的预测

在分析1966年邢台7.2级地震的构造背景基础上划定邢台地震窗的范围并选取地震资料,分析和计算了地震窗地震活动高频次异常对华北地区6级以上地震的预测效能.结果表明邢台地震窗高频次异常具有较高预测信度.     

国内外震情

１９９７年１０月华北ＭＬ≥３．０地震动态根据国家地震局分析预报中心提供的资料,１９９７年１０月华北地区（３３．０°～４２．０°Ｎ,１１１．０°～１２５．０°Ｅ）共发生ＭＬ≥３．０地震１１次,无４级以上地震发生,北安河发生了两次３级以上地震（见附表）。...     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases