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1.
The thermal expansion of gehlenite, Ca2Al[AlSiO7], (up to T=830 K), TbCaAl[Al2O7] (up to T=1,100 K) and SmCaAl[Al2O7] (up to T=1,024 K) has been determined. All compounds are of the melilite structure type with space group
Thermal expansion data was obtained from in situ X-ray powder diffraction experiments in-house and at HASYLAB at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg (Germany). The thermal expansion coefficients for gehlenite were found to be: α1=7.2(4)×10−6 K−1+3.6(7)×10−9ΔT K−2 and α3=15.0(1)×10−6 K−1. For TbCaAl[Al2O7] the respective values are: α1=7.0(2)×10−6 K−1+2.0(2)×10−9ΔT K−2 and α3=8.5(2)×10−6 K−1+2.0(3)×10−9ΔT K−2, and the thermal expansion coefficients for SmCaAl[Al2O7] are: α1=6.9(2)× 10−6 K−1+1.7(2)×10−9ΔT K−2 and α3=9.344(5)×10−6 K−1. The expansion-mechanisms of the three compounds are explained in terms of structural trends obtained from Rietveld refinements
of the crystal structures of the compounds against the powder diffraction patterns. No structural phase transitions have been
observed. While gehlenite behaves like a ’proper’ layer structure, the aluminates show increased framework structure behaviour.
This is most probably explained by stronger coulombic interactions between the tetrahedral conformation and the layer-bridging
cations due to the coupled substitution (Ca2++Si4+)-(Ln
3++Al3+) in the melilite-type structure.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
2.
The thermal expansion of gehlenite, Ca2Al[AlSiO7], (up to T=830 K), TbCaAl[Al2O7] (up to T=1100 K) and SmCaAl[Al2O7] (up to T=1024 K) has been determined. All compounds are of the melilite structure type with space group
Thermal expansion data were obtained from in situ X-ray powder diffraction experiments in-house and at HASYLAB at the Deutsches
Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg (Germany). The thermal expansion coefficients for gehlenite were found to be: α1=7.2(4)×10−6×K−1+3.6(7)×10−9ΔT×K−2 and α3=15.0(1)×10−6×K−1. For TbCaAl[Al2O7] the respective values are: α1=7.0(2)×10−6×K−1+2.0(2)×10−9ΔT×K−2 and α3=8.5(2)×10−6×K−1+2.0(3)×10−9ΔT×K−2, and the thermal expansion coefficients for SmCaAl[Al2O7] are: α1=6.9(2)×10−6×K−1+1.7(2)×10−9ΔT×K−2 and α3=9.344(5)×10−6×K−1. The expansion mechanisms of the three compounds are explained in terms of structural trends obtained from Rietveld refinements
of the crystal structures of the compounds against the powder diffraction patterns. No structural phase transitions have been
observed. While gehlenite behaves like a ‘proper’ layer structure, the aluminates show increased framework structure behavior.
This is most probably explained by stronger coulombic interactions between the tetrahedral conformation and the layer-bridging
cations due to the coupled substitution (Ca2++Si4+)–(Ln
3++Al3+) in the melilite-type structure.
This article has been mistakenly published twice. The first and original version of it is available at . 相似文献
3.
Enthalpies of drop solution (ΔH
drop-sol) of CaGeO3, Ca(Si0.1Ge0.9)O3, Ca(Si0.2Ge0.8)O3, Ca(Si0.3Ge0.7)O3 perovskite solid solutions and CaSiO3 wollastonite were measured by high-temperature calorimetry using molten 2PbO · B2O3 solvent at 974 K. The obtained values were extrapolated linearly to the CaSiO3 end member to give ΔH
drop-sol of CaSiO3 perovskite of 0.2 ± 4.4 kJ mol−1. The difference in ΔH
drop-sol between CaSiO3, wollastonite, and perovskite gives a transformation enthalpy (wo → pv) of 104.4 ± 4.4 kJ mol−1. The formation enthalpy of CaSiO3 perovskite was determined as 14.8 ± 4.4 kJ mol−1 from lime + quartz or −22.2 ± 4.5 kJ mol−1 from lime + stishovite. A comparison of lattice energies among A2+B4+O3 perovskites suggests that amorphization during decompression may be due to the destabilizing effect on CaSiO3 perovskite from a large nonelectrostatic energy (repulsion energy) at atmospheric pressure. By using the formation enthalpy
for CaSiO3 perovskite, phase boundaries between β-Ca2SiO4 + CaSi2O5 and CaSiO3 perovskite were calculated thermodynamically utilizing two different reference points [where ΔG(P,T )=0] as the measured phase boundary. The calculations suggest that the phase equilibrium boundary occurs between 11.5 and
12.5 GPa around 1500 K. Its slope is still not well constrained.
Received: 20 September 2000 / Accepted: 17 January 2001 相似文献
4.
Low-temperature heat capacity measurements for MgCr2O4 have only been performed down to 52 K, and the commonly quoted third-law entropy at 298 K (106 J K−1 mol−1) was obtained by empirical extrapolation of these measurements to 0 K without considering the magnetic or electronic ordering
contributions to the entropy. Subsequent magnetic measurements at low temperature reveal that the Néel temperature, at which
magnetic ordering of the Cr3+ ions in MgCr2O4 occurs, is at ∼15 K. Hence a substantial contribution to the entropy of MgCr2O4 has been missed. We have determined the position of the near-univariant reaction MgCr2O4+SiO2=MgSiO3+Cr2O3. The reaction, which has a small positive slope in P-T space, has been bracketed at 100 K intervals between 1273 and 1773 K by reversal experiments. The reaction is extremely sluggish,
and lengthy run times with a flux (H2O, BaO-B2O3 or K2O-B2O3) are needed to produce tight reversal brackets. The results, combined with assessed thermodynamic data for Cr2O3, MgSiO3 and SiO2, give the entropy and enthalpy of formation of MgCr2O4 spinel. As expected, our experimental results are not in good agreement with the presently available thermodynamic data.
We obtain Δ
f
H
∘
298=−1759.2±1.5 kJ mol−1 and S
∘
298=122.1±1.0 J K−1 mol−1 for MgCr2O4. This entropy is some 16 J K−1 mol−1 more than the calorimetrically determined value, and implies a value for the magnetic entropy of MgCr2O4 consistent with an effective spin quantum number (S') for Cr3+ of 1/2 rather than the theoretical 3/2, indicating, as in other spinels, spin quenching.
Received: 9 May 1997 / Accepted: 28 July 1997 相似文献
5.
V. M. Gurevich O. L. Kuskov N. N. Smirnova K. S. Gavrichev A. V. Markin 《Geochemistry International》2009,47(12):1170-1179
The heat capacity of eskolaite Cr2O3(c) was determined by adiabatic vacuum calorimetry at 11.99–355.83 K and by differential calorimetry at 320–480 K. Experimental
data of the authors and data compiled from the literature were applied to calculate the heat capacity, entropy, and the enthalpy
change of Cr2O3 within the temperature range of 0–1800 K. These functions have the following values at 298.15 K: C
p
0 (298.15) = 121.5 ± 0.2 J K−1mol−1, S
0(298.15) = 80.95 ± 0.14 J K−1mol−1, and H
0(298.15)-H
0(0) = 15.30±0.02 kJ mol−1. Data were obtained on the transitions from the antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic states at 228–457 K; it was determined
that this transition has the following parameters: Neel temperature T
N
= 307 K, Δ
tr
S = 6.11 ± 0.12 J K−1mol−1 and δ
tr
H = 1.87 ± 0.04 kJ mol−1. 相似文献
6.
Andrea Orlando Yves Thibault Alan D. Edgar 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2000,139(2):136-145
Experiments ranging from 2 to 3 GPa and 800 to 1300 °C and at 0.15 GPa and 770 °C were performed to investigate the stability
and mutual solubility of the K2ZrSi3O9 (wadeite) and K2TiSi3O9 cyclosilicates under upper mantle conditions. The K2ZrSi3O9–K2TiSi3O9 join exhibits complete miscibility in the P–T interval investigated. With increasing degree of melting the solid solution becomes progressively enriched in Zr, indicating
that K2ZrSi3O9 is the more refractory end member. At 2 GPa, in the more complex K2ZrSi3O9–K2TiSi3O9–K2Mg6Al2Si6O20(OH)4 system, the presence of phlogopite clearly limits the extent of solid solution of the cyclosilicate to more Zr-rich compositions
[Zr/(Zr + Ti) > 0.85], comparable to wadeite found in nature, with TiO2 partitioning strongly into the coexisting mica and/or liquid. However, at 1200 °C, with increasing pressure from 2 to 3 GPa,
the partitioning behaviour of TiO2 changes in favour of the cyclosilicate, with Zr/(Zr + Ti) of the K2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 phase decreasing from ∼0.9 to ∼0.6. The variation in the Ti content of the coexisting phlogopite is related to its degree
of melting to forsterite and liquid, following the major substitution VITi+VI□=2VIMg.
Received: 26 January 1999 / Accepted: 10 January 2000 相似文献
7.
K.-D. Grevel A. Navrotsky W. A. Kahl D. W. Fasshauer J. Majzlan 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(7):475-487
Calorimetric and P–V–T data for the high-pressure phase Mg5Al5Si6O21(OH)7 (Mg-sursassite) have been obtained. The enthalpy of drop solution of three different samples was measured by high-temperature
oxide melt calorimetry in two laboratories (UC Davis, California, and Ruhr University Bochum, Germany) using lead borate (2PbO·B2O3) at T=700 ∘C as solvent. The resulting values were used to calculate the enthalpy of formation from different thermodynamic datasets;
they range from −221.1 to −259.4 kJ mol−1 (formation from the oxides) respectively −13892.2 to −13927.9 kJ mol−1 (formation from the elements). The heat capacity of Mg5Al5Si6O21(OH)7 has been measured from T=50 ∘C to T=500 ∘C by differential scanning calorimetry in step-scanning mode. A Berman and Brown (1985)-type four-term equation represents
the heat capacity over the entire temperature range to within the experimental uncertainty: C
P
(Mg-sursassite) =(1571.104 −10560.89×T
−0.5−26217890.0 ×T
−2+1798861000.0×T
−3) J K−1 mol−1 (T in K). The P
V
T behaviour of Mg-sursassite has been determined under high pressures and high temperatures up to 8 GPa and 800 ∘C using a MAX 80 cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus. The samples were mixed with Vaseline to ensure hydrostatic pressure-transmitting
conditions, NaCl served as an internal standard for pressure calibration. By fitting a Birch-Murnaghan EOS to the data, the
bulk modulus was determined as 116.0±1.3 GPa, (K
′=4), V
T,0
=446.49 3 exp[∫(0.33±0.05) × 10−4 + (0.65±0.85)×10−8
T dT], (K
T/T)
P
= −0.011± 0.004 GPa K−1. The thermodynamic data obtained for Mg-sursassite are consistent with phase equilibrium data reported recently (Fockenberg
1998); the best agreement was obtained with Δf
H
0
298 (Mg-sursassite) = −13901.33 kJ mol−1, and S
0
298 (Mg-sursassite) = 614.61 J K−1 mol−1.
Received: 21 September 2000 / Accepted: 26 February 2001 相似文献
8.
V. M. Gurevich M. A. Ryumin A. V. Tyurin L. N. Komissarova 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(8):702-710
The heat capacity of gadolinium orthophosphate (GdPO4) measured in the temperature range 11.15–344.11 K by adiabatic calorimetry and available literature data were used to calculate its thermodynamic functions at 0–1600 K. At 298.15 K, these functions are as follows: C p 0(298.15 K) = 101.85 ± 0.05 J K−1 mol−1, S 0(298.15 K) = 123.82 ± 0.18 J K−1 mol−1, H 0(298.15 K)–H 0(0) = 17.250 ± 0.012 kJ mol−1, and Φ 0(298.15 K) = 65.97 ± 0.18 J K−1 mol−1 The calculated Gibbs free energy of formation from the elements of GdPO4 is Δ f G 0 (298.15 K) = −1844.3 ± 4.7 kJ mol−1. 相似文献
9.
K. S. Gavrichev M. A. Ryumin A. V. Tyurin V. M. Gurevich L. N. Komissarova 《Geochemistry International》2010,48(9):932-939
The heat capacity of xenotime YPO4(c) was measured by adiabatic calorimetry at 4.78–348.07 K. Our experimental and literature data on H
0(T)-H
0(298.15 K) of Y orthophosphate were utilized to derive the C
p
0(T) function of xenotime at 0–1600 K, which was then used to calculate the values of thermodynamic functions: entropy, enthalpy
change, and reduced Gibbs energy. These functions assume the following values at 298.15 K: C
p
0 (298.15 K) = 99.27 ± 0.02 J K−1 mol−1, S
0(298.15 K) = 93.86 ± 0.08 J K−1 mol−1, H
0(298.15 K) − H
0(0) = 15.944 ± 0.005 kJ mol−1, Φ0(298.15 K) = 40.38 ± 0.08 J K−1 mol−1. The value of the free energy of formation Δ
f
G
0(YPO4, 298.15 K) is −1867.9 ± 1.7 kJ mol−1. 相似文献
10.
Wenjun Yong E. Dachs A. C. Withers E. J. Essene 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(2):137-146
The low-temperature heat capacity (C
p) of Si-wadeite (K2Si4O9) synthesized with a piston cylinder device was measured over the range of 5–303 K using the heat capacity option of a physical
properties measurement system. The entropy of Si-wadeite at standard temperature and pressure calculated from the measured
heat capacity data is 253.8 ± 0.6 J mol−1 K−1, which is considerably larger than some of the previous estimated values. The calculated phase transition boundaries in the
system K2O–Al2O3–SiO2 are generally consistent with previous experimental results. Together with our calculated phase boundaries, seven multi-anvil
experiments at 1,400 K and 6.0–7.7 GPa suggest that no equilibrium stability field of kalsilite + coesite intervenes between
the stability field of sanidine and that of coesite + kyanite + Si-wadeite, in contrast to previous predictions. First-order
approximations were undertaken to calculate the phase diagram in the system K2Si4O9 at lower pressure and temperature. Large discrepancies were shown between the calculated diagram compared with previously
published versions, suggesting that further experimental or/and calorimetric work is needed to better constrain the low-pressure
phase relations of the K2Si4O9 polymorphs.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
11.
K. S. Gavrichev M. A. Ryumin A. V. Tyurin V. M. Gurevich L. N. Komissarova 《Geochemistry International》2010,48(4):390-397
The heat capacity of synthetic pretulite ScPO4(c) was measured by adiabatic calorimetry within a temperature range of 12.13–345.31 K, and the temperature dependence of
the pretulite heat capacity at 0–1600 K was derived from experimental and literature data on H
0(T)-H
0(298.15 K) for Sc orthophosphate. This dependence was used to calculate the values of the following thermodynamic functions:
entropy, enthalpy change, and reduced Gibbs energy. They have the following values at 298.15 K: C
p
0 (298.15 K) = 97.45 ± 0.06 J K−1 mol−1, S
0(298.15 K) = 84.82 ± 0.18 J K−1 mol−1, H
0(298.15 K)-H
0(0) = 14.934 ± 0.016 kJ mol−1, and Φ
0(298.15 K) = 34.73 ± 0.19 J K−1mol−1. The enthalpy of formation Δ
f
H
0(ScPO4, 298.15 K) = − 1893.6 ± 8.4 kJ mol−1. 相似文献
12.
M. Akaogi H. Kojitani H. Yusa R. Yamamoto M. Kido K. Koyama 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(8-9):603-613
Phase transitions in MgGeO3 and ZnGeO3 were examined up to 26 GPa and 2,073 K to determine ilmenite–perovskite transition boundaries. In both systems, the perovskite
phases were converted to lithium niobate structure on release of pressure. The ilmenite–perovskite boundaries have negative
slopes and are expressed as P(GPa)=38.4–0.0082T(K) and P(GPa)=27.4−0.0032T(K), respectively, for MgGeO3 and ZnGeO3. Enthalpies of SrGeO3 polymorphs were measured by high-temperature calorimetry. The enthalpies of SrGeO3 pseudowollasonite–walstromite and walstromite–perovskite transitions at 298 K were determined to be 6.0±8.6 and 48.9±5.8 kJ/mol,
respectively. The calculated transition boundaries of SrGeO3, using the measured enthalpy data, were consistent with the boundaries determined by previous high-pressure experiments.
Enthalpy of formation (ΔH
f°) of SrGeO3 perovskite from the constituent oxides at 298 K was determined to be −73.6±5.6 kJ/mol by calorimetric measurements. Thermodynamic
analysis of the ilmenite–perovskite transition boundaries in MgGeO3 and ZnGeO3 and the boundary of formation of SrSiO3 perovskite provided transition enthalpies that were used to estimate enthalpies of formation of the perovskites. The ΔH
f° of MgGeO3, ZnGeO3 and SrSiO3 perovskites from constituent oxides were 10.2±4.5, 33.8±7.2 and −3.0±2.2 kJ/mol, respectively. The present data on enthalpies
of formation of the above high-pressure perovskites were combined with published data for A2+B4+O3 perovskites stable at both atmospheric and high pressures to explore the relationship between ΔH
f° and ionic radii of eightfold coordinated A2+ (R
A) and sixfold coordinated B4+ (R
B) cations. The results show that enthalpy of formation of A2+B4+O3 perovskite increases with decreasing R
A and R
B. The relationship between the enthalpy of formation and tolerance factor (
R
o: O2− radius) is not straightforward; however, a linear relationship was found between the enthalpy of formation and the sum of
squares of deviations of A2+ and B4+ radii from ideal sizes in the perovskite structure. A diagram showing enthalpy of formation of perovskite as a function of
A2+ and B4+ radii indicates a systematic change with equienthalpy curves. These relationships of ΔH
f° with R
A and R
B can be used to estimate enthalpies of formation of perovskites, which have not yet been synthesized. 相似文献
13.
Detlef W. Fasshauer Bernd Wunder Niranjan D. Chatterjee Günther W. H. Höhne 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,131(2-3):210-218
The heat capacity of synthetic, stoichiometric wadeite-type K2Si4O9 has been measured by DSC in the 195≤T(K)≤598 range. Near the upper temperature limit of our data, the heat capacity observed by DSC agrees with that reported by
Geisinger et al. (1987) based on a vibrational model of their infrared and Raman spectroscopic data. However, with decreasing
temperature, the Cp observed by DSC is progressively higher than that predicted from the vibrational model, suggesting that
the standard entropy of K2Si4O9 is likely to be larger than 198.9 ± 4.0 J/K · mol computed from the spectroscopic data. A fit to the DSC data gave: Cp(T) = 499.13 (±1.87) − 4.35014 · 103(±3.489 · 101) · T
−0.5, with T in K and average absolute percent deviation of 0.37%. The room-temperature compressibilities of kalsilite and leucite, hitherto
unknown, have been measured as well. The data, fitted to the Murnaghan equation of state, gave K
o = 58.6 GPa, K
o
′ = 0.1 for kalsilite and K
o = 45 GPa, K
o
′ = 5.7 for α-leucite. Apart from the above mentioned data on the properties of the individual phases, we have also obtained
reaction-reversals on four equilibria in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2. The Bayesian method has been used simultaneously to process the properties of 13 phases and 15 reactions between them to
derive an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary. The enthalpy of formation of K2Si4O9 wadeite is in perfect agreement with its revised calorimetric value, the standard entropy is 232.1 ± 10.4 J/K · mol, ∼15%
higher than that implied by vibrational modeling. The phase diagram, generated from our internally consistent thermodynamic
dataset, shows that for all probable P-T trajectories in the subduction regime, the stable pressure-induced decomposition of K-feldspar will produce coesite + kalsilite rather than coesite + kyanite + K2Si4O9 (cf. Urakawa et al. 1994).
Received: 11 June 1997 / Accepted: 2 December 1997 相似文献
14.
Wenjun Yong E. Dachs A. C. Withers E. J. Essene 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(3):167-177
The low-temperature heat capacity (C
p
) of KAlSi3O8 with a hollandite structure was measured over the range of 5–303 K with a physical properties measurement system. The standard entropy of KAlSi3O8 hollandite is 166.2±0.2 J mol−1 K−1, including an 18.7 J mol−1 K−1 contribution from the configurational entropy due to disorder of Al and Si in the octahedral sites. The entropy of K2Si4O9 with a wadeite structure (Si-wadeite) was also estimated to facilitate calculation of phase equilibria in the system K2O–Al2O3–SiO2. The calculated phase equilibria obtained using Perple_x are in general agreement with experimental studies. Calculated phase relations in the system K2O–Al2O3–SiO2 confirm a substantial stability field for kyanite–stishovite/coesite–Si-wadeite intervening between KAlSi3O8 hollandite and sanidine. The upper stability of kyanite is bounded by the reaction kyanite (Al2SiO5) = corundum (Al2O3) + stishovite (SiO2), which is located at 13–14 GPa for 1,100–1,400 K. The entropy and enthalpy of formation for K-cymrite (KAlSi3O8·H2O) were modified to better fit global best-fit compilations of thermodynamic data and experimental studies. Thermodynamic calculations were undertaken on the reaction of K-cymrite to KAlSi3O8 hollandite + H2O, which is located at 8.3–10.0 GPa for the temperature range 800–1,600 K, well inside the stability field of stishovite. The reaction of muscovite to KAlSi3O8 hollandite + corundum + H2O is placed at 10.0–10.6 GPa for the temperature range 900–1,500 K, in reasonable agreement with some but not all experiments on this reaction. 相似文献
15.
A. Pavese V. Diella V. Pischedda M. Merli R. Bocchio M. Mezouar 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(4):242-248
The thermoelastic parameters of natural andradite and grossular have been investigated by high-pressure and -temperature
synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, at ESRF, on the ID30 beamline. The P–V–T data have been fitted by Birch-Murnaghan-like EOSs, using both the approximated and the general form. We have obtained for
andradite K
0=158.0(±1.5) GPa, (dK/dT )0=−0.020(3) GPa K−1 and α0=31.6(2) 10−6 K−1, and for grossular K
0=168.2(±1.7) GPa, (dK/dT)0=−0.016(3) GPa K−1 and α0=27.8(2) 10−6 K−1. Comparisons between the present issues and thermoelastic properties of garnets earlier determined are carried out.
Received: 7 July 2000 / Accepted: 20 October 2000 相似文献
16.
Angela Ullrich Ronald Miletich Tonci Balic-Zunic Lars Olsen Fabrizio Nestola Manfred Wildner Haruo Ohashi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2010,37(1):25-43
A compressional study of (Na,Ca)(Ti3+,Mg)Si2O6-clinopyroxenes was carried out at high pressures between 10−4 and 10.2 GPa using in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy. Compressional
discontinuities accompanied by structural changes, in particular, the appearance of two distinct Ti3+–Ti3+ distances within the octahedral chains at 4.37 GPa, provide evidence for the occurrence of a phase transition in NaTi3+Si2O6. Equation-of-state parameters are K
0 = 115.9(7) GPa with K′ = −0.9(3) and K
0 = 102.7(8) GPa with K′ = 4.08(5) for the low- and high-pressure range, respectively. The transition involves a C2/c–P
[`1] \overline{1} symmetry change, which can be confirmed by the occurrence of new modes in Raman spectra. Since no significant discontinuity
in the evolution of the unit-cell volume with pressure has been observed, the transition appears to be second-order in character.
The influence of the coupled substitution Na+Ti3+↔Ca2+Mg2+ on the static compression behavior and the structural stability has been investigated using a sample of the intermediate
composition (Na0.54Ca0.46)(Mg0.46Ti0.54)Si2O6. No evidence for a deviation from continuous compression behavior has been found, neither in lattice parameter nor in structural
data and the fit of a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation-of-state to the pressure–volume data yields a bulk modulus of K
0 = 109.1(5) GPa and K′ = 5.02(13). Raman and polarized absorption spectra have been compared to NaTiSi2O6 and reveal major similarities. The main driving force for the phase transition in NaTi3+Si2O6 is the localization of the Ti3+
d-electron and the accompanying distortion, which is suppressed in the (Na,Ca)(Ti3+,Mg)Si2O6-clinopyroxene. 相似文献
17.
Maik Pertermann Alan G. Whittington Anne M. Hofmeister Frank J. Spera John Zayak 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(6):689-702
Thermal diffusivity (D) was measured using laser-flash analysis from oriented single-crystal low-sanidine (K0.92Na0.08Al0.99Fe3+
0.005Si2.95O8), and three glasses near KAlSi3O8. Viscosity measurements of the three supercooled liquids, in the range 106.8 to 1012.3 Pa s, confirm near-Arrhenian behavior, varying subtly with composition. For crystal and glass, D decreases with T, approaching a constant near 1,000 K: D
sat ∼ 0.65 ± 0.3 mm2 s−1 for bulk crystal and ∼0.53 ± 0.03 mm2 s−1 for the glass. A rapid decrease near 1,400 K is consistent with crossing the glass transition. Melt behavior is approximated
by D = 0.475 ± 0.01 mm2 s−1. Thermal conductivity (k
lat) of glass, calculated using previous heat capacity (C
P) and new density data, increases with T because C
P strongly increases with T. For melt, k
lat reaches a plateau near 1.45 W m−1 K−1, and is always below k
lat of the crystal. Melting of potassium feldspars impedes heat transport, providing positive thermal feedback that may promote
further melting in continental crust. 相似文献
18.
L. A. Koroleva N. D. Shikina P. G. Kolodina A. V. Zotov B. R. Tagirov Yu. V. Shvarov V. A. Volchenkova Yu. K. Shazzo 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(10):853-859
The hydrolysis of the Pd2+ ion in HClO4 solutions was examined at 25–70°C, and the thermodynamic constants of equilibrium K (1)0 and K (2)0were determined for the reactions Pd2+ + H2O = PdOH+ + H+ and Pd2+ + 2H2O = Pd(OH)20 + 2H+, respectively. The values of log K (1)0 = −1.66 ± 0.5 (25°C) and −0.65 ± 0.25 (50°C) and log K (2)0 = −4.34 ± 0.3 (25°C) and −3.80 ± 0.3 (50°C) were derived using the solubility technique at 0.95 confidence level. The values of log K (1)0 = −1.9 ± 0.6 (25°C), −1.0 ± 0.4 (50°C), and −0.5 ± 0.3 (70°C) were obtained by spectrophotometric techniques. The palladium ion is significantly hydrolyzed at elevated temperatures (50–70°C) even in strongly acidic solutions (pH 1–1.5), and its hydrolysis is enhanced with increasing temperature. 相似文献
19.
Elastic wave velocities for dense (99.8% of theoretical density) isotropic polycrystalline specimens of synthetic pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12) were measured to 1,000 K at 300 MPa by the phase comparison method of ultrasonic interferometry in an internally heated
gas-medium apparatus. The temperature derivatives of the elastic moduli [(∂Ks/∂T)
P
= −19.3(4); (∂G/∂T)
P
= −10.4(2) MPa K−1] measured in this study are consistent with previous acoustic measurements on both synthetic polycrystalline pyrope in a
DIA-type cubic anvil apparatus (Gwanmesia et al. in Phys Earth Planet Inter 155:179–190, 2006) and on a natural single crystal by the rectangular parallelepiped resonance (RPR; Suzuki and Anderson in J Phys Earth 31:125–138,
1983) method but |(∂Ks/∂T)
P
| is significantly larger than from a Brillouin spectroscopy study of single-crystal pyrope (Sinogeikin and Bass in Phys Earth
Planet Inter 203:549–555, 2002). Alternative approaches to the retrieval of mixed derivatives of the elastic moduli from joint analysis of data from this
study and from the solid-medium data of Gwanmesia et al. in Phys Earth Planet Inter 155:179–190 (2006) yield ∂2
G/∂P∂T = [0.07(12), 0.20(14)] × 10−3 K−1 and ∂2
K
S
/∂P∂T = [−0.20(24), 0.22(26)] × 10−3 K−1, both of order 10−4 K−1 and not significantly different from zero. More robust inference of the mixed derivatives will require solid-medium acoustic
measurements of precision significantly better than 1%. 相似文献
20.
Ali Reza Fazeli J. A. K. Tareen B. Basavalingu G. T. Bhandage 《Journal of Earth System Science》1991,100(1):37-39
Hydrothermal equilibrium decomposition curve for MnCO3⇌MnO + CO2 in the total CO2 pressure range of 100–1700 bars and temperature range of 500–800°C was studied. The standard thermodynamic data obtained
are: ΔH0
f= − 894.382 ± 0.74 kj/mol and ΔG0
f
= − 822.170 ± 0.74 kj/mol. These values are more negative than the reported calorimetric data. 相似文献