基于偏微分方程的去噪方法

利用偏微分方程抑制图像噪声已经被认为是具有显著效果的图像去噪技术。在阐述图像噪声模型的基础上研究了图像去噪的偏微分方程模型,并对偏微分方程中的参数选择进行了讨论。为了保持图像的边缘信息,对经典模型参数进行了改进。实验结果表明,偏微分方程适用于图像噪声的抑制,并且可以在抑制图像噪声的同时,保持较好的边缘信息。     

一种基于总体变分的自适应图像去噪方法

建立了总体变分自适应图像去噪模型,并给出了其非线性各向异性扩散方程的数值解法。该方法采用高斯滤波器对噪声图像进行预处理,并利用图像每个像素的梯度信息,使其扩散方程在沿边缘方向上具有较大的扩散系数,而在垂直边缘的方向上具有较小的扩散系数。因此,总体变分自适应图像去噪方法不但能抑制噪声,还能很好地保持图像的边缘和纹理特征。图像去噪仿真实验表明,该方法的降噪效果明显优于总体变分去噪方法和中值滤波、维纳滤波等传统方法。     

联合双边滤波器和小波阈值收缩去噪算法研究

针对现有去噪算法去噪不彻底、噪声误判、损害图像边缘和纹理细节信息的缺点,提出一种联合双边滤波器和小波阈值收缩图像去噪算法。首先,使用双边滤波器对含有噪声图像进行分层;其次,对不同分层结果,选择不同滤波器进行去噪:高对比度层采用双边滤波器,低对比度层采用小波阈值收缩去噪方法;最后,融合高、低对比度层去噪图像,实现有效去除噪声的同时,保证图像信息完整。实验结果表明,本文算法的峰值信噪比达到40.99 d B,比非局部均值滤波、双边滤波器、小波阈值收缩和偏微分方程图像去噪算法分别提高了7.79%,3.56%,11.22%和1.91%;与此同时,还能有效保留图像边缘和纹理等细节信息。     

乘性噪声图像的偏微分方程复原模型

针对含有乘性噪声退化图像的复原问题,提出了一种自适应的、良态的偏微分方程复原模型。该模型是在对该类退化图像统计学规律分析的基础上,通过对正则项的自适应修正和保真项中模糊算子的改进构造的。测试实验数据表明,复原后的图像峰值信噪比与AA模型相比提高了5 d B左右,边缘保持指数比AA模型提高了1倍左右。该模型在对含有服从Gamma分布的乘性噪声和高斯模糊的退化图像复原时,能够在去除噪声的同时保持边缘,复原能力优于其他常见的模型。     

一种基于级联滤波算法的SAR图像噪声抑制方法

提出了一种基于偏微分方程与增强Lee滤波级联算法的SAR图像相干斑抑制方法,利用偏微分方程的边界检测特性和增强Lee滤波方法的分区域处理特性,在保持图像细节的基础上有效抑制图像中的相干斑噪声。     

一种改进三维块匹配的SAR图像去噪方法

针对BM3D算法对合成孔径雷达图像的乘性相干斑噪声抑制导致图像细节信息丢失的问题,提出一种改进相似性度量的BM3D算法.在对相干斑噪声模型分析基础上,采用对数变换使BM3D算法适用于SAR图像去噪,并从相似图像块划分的权重计算方法入手,引入皮尔逊相关系数改进相似性度量准则,从而提升相似图像块匹配准确度.实验选取永城部分地区Sentinel-1A影像数据,并对该算法和其他几种滤波算法进行了对比分析,结果表明本文算法能有效去除斑点噪声,同时保留图像边缘细节信息.     

目标边缘保持约束的图像联合解卷积复原算法

针对图像复原过程中去噪与目标边缘特征保持之间的矛盾,该文提出了一种基于目标边缘保持的图像联合解卷积复原算法。首先,构建了一个目标边缘保持约束模型,实现对图像小梯度特征(噪声为主)的平滑、对图像大梯度特征(目标边缘为主)的保留,平衡复原处理过程中图像去噪与目标边缘保持之间的矛盾;然后,将目标边缘保持约束先验模型,引入MAP图像复原框架,提升MAP复原算法的可靠性和收敛性;最后,利用共轭梯度迭代优化计算过程,加快算法收敛速度。实验结果表明,该算法能较好地平衡图像去噪与目标边缘特征保持之间的矛盾,实现了图像高清晰复原。     

图像处理中的PDE及其数值解算方法

从应用于图像平滑的偏微分方程入手,通过对Perona和Malik提出的用于保持边缘的选择性扩散模型P-M的分析,将图像处理中常用的PDE类型进行了分类;规划了热传导方程类型PDE的数值解算流程;改进了P-M模型的数值解算方法;并运用偏微分方程中最大最小值定理证明了解的稳定性.     

一种基于图像边缘特征的SAR斑点滤波算法

合成孔径雷达图像上的斑点噪声会阻碍图像的校准、检验、解译和应用,因此斑点噪声的去除是雷达图像处理的一个重要环节。通常的去噪方法在抑制噪声的同时也使得图像的边缘模糊,细节特征损失。理论和实践表明去除图像的斑点噪声和保持图像的边缘信息是无法同步实现的。为了在去除噪声和保持边缘特征之间进行折衷,本文基于MROA边缘检测算法以及均值滤波算法,提出了一种基于图像边缘特征的斑点噪声滤波算法。实验结果表明该算法能够在平滑图像的同时有效保持边缘特征信息。     

改进SRAD模型在SAR图像斑点噪声滤波中的应用

斑点噪声的存在严重影响了合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的应用,所以抑制斑点噪声显得尤其重要.斑点噪声各向异性扩散模型(SRAD)能较好地去除斑点噪声并保持边缘信息,但依然存在不足之处.在分析SRAD模型的基础上,结合增强Lee算法思想,将SAR图像细分为均匀区域、弱纹理区域和噪声发育不完全区域,针对不同区域采用不同处理方法,并加入了迭代终止条件.实验证明改进的SRAD算法具有更好的平滑效果和边缘保持能力.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。