藏东南碧土带瓦浦组火山岩形成的大地构造环境

首次对藏东南原称的瓦浦组进行系统的岩石化学研究 ,发现它包括了两套不同时代和大地构造环境下形成的火山岩。瓦浦组火山熔岩由下部的玄武岩夹玄武安山岩和上部的流纹岩组成 ,是古特提斯洋盆中的洋岛火山岩 ,其时代初定为早二叠世—晚二叠世早期。在觉马—巴格和扎西所见的岩层是以钙质浊积岩为主的火山 -沉积岩系 ,火山岩为岛弧拉斑玄武岩 ,属晚三叠世早期活动大陆边缘产物。上述发现为碧土带是复杂的造山带拼贴体、古特提斯主洋盆是开阔的多岛洋和晚三叠世活动大陆边缘可能属马里亚纳型提供了重要证据     

西南三江地区洋板块地层特征及构造演化

以大地构造研究为主导,初步梳理了三江地区洋板块地层系统的分布及其构造演化规律。本文阐述了三江地区经历原-古特提斯大洋连续演化、分阶段拼贴增生至最终俯冲消亡的地质演化历程。甘孜-理塘弧后洋盆于早石炭世打开,二叠纪—中三叠世进入顶峰扩张期,晚三叠世洋盆萎缩引起向西俯冲,最终在晚三叠世末局部地区保留残留海。哀牢山弧后洋盆不晚于早石炭世形成,早石炭世—早二叠世整体扩张发育,早二叠世末或晚二叠世初开始向西俯冲,晚三叠世最终完全关闭。金沙江洋盆早石炭世时已扩张成洋,到早二叠世晚期开始俯冲,石炭纪—早二叠世早期是金沙江洋盆扩张的主体时期,早二叠世晚期至早、中三叠世俯冲消亡。澜沧江弧后洋盆中晚泥盆世开始扩张,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育为成熟洋盆,早二叠世晚期洋内俯冲形成洋内弧,晚二叠世—早、中三叠世双向俯冲消亡。昌宁-孟连洋为特提斯洋主带,具有原-古特提斯洋连续演化的地质记录,晚奥陶世开始向东俯冲消减,二叠纪末、早三叠世发生弧-陆碰撞作用,昌宁-孟连洋盆闭合。     

晚古生代—中三叠世右江盆地的格局和转换

晚古生代—中三叠世右江盆地是在夷平的南华加里东造山带基础上再生裂陷的大陆边缘盆地,该盆地的形成与金沙江—哀牢山古特提斯洋盆关系密切,是一个具有台地与台间海槽相间结构的大陆边缘裂谷盆地。右江盆地自早泥盆世埃姆斯晚期开始裂陷,到石炭纪盆地与越北地块之间出现一个与古特提斯洋相关的局限小洋盆或深海盆。至二叠纪,该洋盆开始向西南俯冲于越北地块之下,形成活动大陆边缘。早三叠世晚期以后,随着该洋盆的闭合和碰撞造山,在凭祥、那坡等地出现同碰撞型的火山活动,右江盆地也于中三叠世转变为以复理石为特征的前陆盆地。因此右江盆地经历了裂谷盆地(早泥盆世晚期—晚泥盆世)、被动大陆边缘(早石炭世—早三叠世)、前陆盆地(中三叠世)的构造演化阶段。     

广西凭祥地区早二叠世的岩浆弧及其构造意义

广西凭祥地区有3种不同建造背景的二叠-三叠系，深水相的下二叠统呈一飞来峰推覆在台地型的石炭纪-早三叠世沉积和早-中三叠世浊积岩上，与前者共生的基性-超基性岩是古特提斯岩浆弧的记录，当时的被动大陆边缘在百色阳圩-田林八渡，说明洋壳向南西消减，早二叠世弧的原形成位置可能在越南境内，早-中三叠世的弧则已向北东迁移，在中越交界区形成图尔基式造山带。     

金沙江弧—盆系时空结构及地史演化

金沙江结合带是一条古特提斯弧后洋盆消亡的俯冲消减杂岩带。弧后洋盆形成于早石碳世－早二叠世。晚泥盆世晚期已具有雏型,早二叠世是洋盆扩张的鼎盛时期,早二叠世 晚期向西俯冲,在金沙江结合带中形成３条消减杂岩带。金沙江弧－盆系于志留纪末在早古生代变质“软基底”的基础上开始生成、发展和演化,经历了泥盆纪弧后裂谷盆地阶段（Ｄ）、早石炭世－早二叠世的弧后洋盆阶段（Ｃ１－Ｐ１）、早二叠世晚期－晚二叠世的洋壳俯冲消     

东特提斯地区二叠—三叠纪古气候特征及其古地理意义

对东特提斯地区二叠-三叠纪古气候特征及其演化的系统分析表明,二叠纪-晚三叠世期间东特提斯地区分带型气候特征仍然较为清楚.二叠纪早期非暖水沉积在印度板块上的时空分布表明,现今印度板块东南边缘当时应贴近南极洲而非澳大利亚西北部.早二叠世早期非暖水沉积的北界在滇西位于昌宁-孟连带之西;在青藏高原,可能位于班公湖-丁青带.之后随着联合古大陆的整体北移,亲冈瓦纳地块群经历了由南温带到热带的古气候演化,欧亚大陆南部经历了由热带到北温带的古气候演化.各地块二叠-三叠纪期间古气候特征的演化为其古地理位置的确定提供了重要依据.二叠纪栖霞期古地理再造表明特提斯洋具多岛洋特点,二叠纪早期昌宁-孟连洋向北延入班公湖-怒江带,向南延入清迈带,大体占据南部亚热带,宽约10°古纬距.     

青海可可西里地区蛇绿岩的时代及形成环境

青海可可西里地区发现两条蛇绿混杂岩带,它们沿逆冲带分布。古生物、地层和同位素定年资料表明其时代为早石炭世-早二叠世。其岩石组合代表大洋岩石圈残迹。镁铁质岩主要形成于洋岛环境。硅质岩形成于深海、半深海环境,部分生成于洋岛或洋脊附近热水活动区。这是一套弧前蛇绿混杂岩,是古特提斯洋壳俯冲过程中形成的增生楔。这些资料表明,可可西里地区至少在早石炭世就已存在古特提斯洋,洋盆中有一些洋岛,洋盆在早二叠世末期基本闭合。     

西藏和云南三江地区特提斯洋盆演化历史的古地磁分析

通过对华南、思茅、保山、缅泰、印支、羌塘、拉萨和喜马拉雅地块进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比分析,以确定西藏和云南西部三江地区主要地块的碰撞拼合历史,以及相应的特提斯洋盆演化时限。结果表明:①分隔保山和思茅地块的古特提斯洋可能于早志留世张开;②保山与思茅地块于晚二叠世碰撞,然后继续和华南地块、缅泰地块一起向北漂移,直到晚三叠世;③古特提斯洋年龄范围在早志留世至晚二叠世之间;④中特提斯洋年龄范围在早二叠世至早白垩世之间,在晚三叠世达到其最大纬度宽度,约42°;⑤雅鲁藏布江缝合带所代表的新特提斯洋于晚三叠世张开。     

喀喇昆仑地区早二叠世弧后盆地

喀喇昆仑山北坡明铁盖地区早二叠世的基性火山岩岩石化学和地球化学特征表明,它是一种既具有在硅铝质基底上扩张的洋脊玄武岩性质,又具有钙碱性岛弧拉斑玄武岩特点的弧后盆地火山岩。这一弧后盆地的形成与沿西金乌兰湖—空喀山口至乔戈里峰一线的古特提斯洋盆的扩张及向北俯冲、消减相联系,构成了塔里木板块南部晚古生代活动大陆边缘。     

新特提斯洋打开于晚三叠世?——印度大陆北缘沉积响应

新特提斯洋是中生代位于北方欧亚大陆和南方冈瓦纳大陆之间的古大洋,它在青藏高原南部地区于新生代早期因印度-欧亚大陆碰撞而消亡,其遗迹为现今的印度河-雅鲁藏布缝合带。新特提斯洋打开以拉萨地块从冈瓦纳大陆的裂离为标志。准确约束新特提斯洋的开启时间是重建冈瓦纳大陆裂解过程和特提斯洋演化历史的关键,但目前学术界对于新特提斯洋的开启时间还存在很大争议,不同学科方法的认识从早二叠世到晚三叠世不等。本文对新特提斯洋南侧印度被动大陆边缘二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层进行了系统的梳理,研究发现在早二叠世冰期结束之后,印度大陆北缘长期表现为稳定的沉积环境,显著的沉积环境变化仅发生在晚三叠世。晚三叠世的沉积环境变化伴随着沉积和沉降速率增加、沉积物源变化、双峰式火山活动以及古地理格局的重大改变。研究认为,晚三叠世印度大陆北缘沉积作用变化所记录的区域伸展作用很可能代表了新特提斯洋的开启。     

贵州独山地区二叠纪—三叠纪凝灰岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对右江盆地北缘晚二叠世大隆组、早三叠世罗楼组中的凝灰岩夹层开展地质分析研究。镜下岩石学鉴定显示其为一套玻屑、晶屑凝灰岩;而其主量元素特征分析表明属流纹质、安山质凝灰岩,具高硅、高铝、高钾特征。结合稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图形态特征,Y、Nb、Rb、La、Pb及Ce等稀土、微量元素的比值特征,认为凝灰岩的岩浆来源与该时期发生在凭祥一带的中—酸性火山弧活动密切相关。构造背景属于古特提斯洋向北往华南陆块之下俯冲时,形成活动大陆边缘岛弧,弧后陆壳发生伸展活动形成右江盆地。岩浆来源于洋壳俯冲发生部分熔融,且尚未与地幔发生作用,在上升过程中与陆壳物质发生混染,由火山弧的活动喷发而来。     

Post-collisional crustal extension setting and VHMS mineralization in the Jinshajiang orogenic belt, southwestern China

The Jinshajiang orogenic belt (JOB) of southwestern China, located along the eastern margin of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen, includes a collage of continental blocks joined by Paleozoic ophiolitic sutures and Permian volcanic arcs. Three major tectonic stages are recognized based on the volcanic–sedimentary sequence and geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the belt. Westward subduction of the Paleozoic Jinshajiang oceanic plate at the end of Permian resulted in the formation of the Chubarong–Dongzhulin intra-oceanic arc and Jamda–Weixi volcanic arc on the eastern margin of the Changdu continental block. Collision between the volcanic arcs and the Yangtze continent block during Early–Middle Triassic caused the closing of the Jinshajiang oceanic basin and the eruption of high-Si and -Al potassic rhyolitic rocks along the Permian volcanic arc. Slab breakoff or mountain-root delamination under this orogenic belt led to post-collisional crustal extension at the end of the Triassic, forming a series of rift basins on this continental margin arc. Significant potential for VHMS deposits occurs in the submarine volcanic districts of the JOB. Mesozoic VHMS deposits occur in the post-collisional extension environment and cluster in the Late Triassic rift basins.     

黑龙江北部多宝山矿区奥陶系的岩石特征和构造意义

黑龙江北部多宝山矿区广泛发育奥陶系,因含有铜、钼矿源层而受到地质界的注意.本文概述了其生物地层和沉积特征,重点探讨了其火山岩的岩石化学特征.该套火山岩总体上属钙碱性系列,部分（主要是酸性岩）可能属拉斑玄武岩系.下旋回（窝里河组）火山岩以相对低K、La和Eu负异常为特征,总体属大陆边缘岛弧,局部显示出大洋岛弧安山岩的性质.上旋回（多宝山组）的弧则属大陆边缘岛弧与安第斯型山弧的过渡类型,部分地区可能有安第斯型山弧发育.分5个阶段重塑了该区奥陶纪大地构造演化,早古代洋壳向东偏北消减于布列亚一佳木斯地块之下,因后退式的消减而火山弧向西偏南迁移,构造线方向为北北西向.     

滇川西部金沙江古特提斯洋的威尔逊旋回

本文对滇川西部金沙江造山带被动大陆边缘、蛇绿岩、洋盆相放射虫硅质岩、岛弧岩浆岩和造山磨拉石建造的形成时代进行了综合研究,结合古生物化石和SHRIMP年龄,论证了金沙江古特提斯洋盆的威尔逊旋回,即大陆裂解(晚泥盆世)、洋盆扩张(石炭纪)、俯冲消减(二叠纪)和碰撞造山(三叠纪)。金沙江洋是滇川西部古特提斯多岛洋中重要的支洋盆。     

Metallogeny and tectonic development of the Tasman Fold Belt System in Queensland

The northern part of the Tasman Fold Belt System in Queensland comprises three segments, the Thomson, Hodgkinson- Broken River, and New England Fold Belts. The evolution of each fold belt can be traced through pre-cratonic (orogenic), transitional, and cratonic stages. The different timing of these stages within each fold belt indicates differing tectonic histories, although connecting links can be recognised between them from Late Devonian time onward. In general, orogenesis became younger from west to east towards the present continental margin. The most recent folding, confined to the New England Fold Belt, was of Early to mid-Cretaceous age. It is considered that this eastward migration of orogenic activity may reflect progressive continental accretion, although the total amount of accretion since the inception of the Tasman Fold Belt System in Cambrian time is uncertain.The Thomson Fold Belt is largely concealed beneath late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic intracratonic basin sediments. In addition, the age of the more highly deformed and metamorphosed rocks exposed in the northeast is unknown, being either Precambrian or early Palaeozoic. Therefore, the tectonic evolution of this fold belt must remain very speculative. In its early stages (Precambrian or early Palaeozoic), the Thomson Fold Belt was probably a rifted continental margin adjacent to the Early to Middle Proterozoic craton to the west and north. The presence of calc-alkaline volcanics of Late Cambrian Early Ordovician and Early-Middle Devonian age suggests that the fold belt evolved to a convergent Pacific-type continental margin. The tectonic setting of the pre-cratonic (orogenic) stage of the Hodgkinson—Broken River Fold Belt is also uncertain. Most of this fold belt consists of strongly deformed, flysch-type sediments of Silurian-Devonian age. Forearc, back-arc and rifted margin settings have all been proposed for these deposits. The transitional stage of the Hodgkinson—Broken River Fold Belt was characterised by eruption of extensive silicic continental volcanics, mainly ignimbrites, and intrusion of comagmatic granitoids in Late Carboniferous Early Permian time. An Andean-type continental margin model, with calc-alkaline volcanics erupted above a west-dipping subduction zone, has been suggested for this period. The tectonic history of the New England Fold Belt is believed to be relatively well understood. It was the site of extensive and repeated eruption of calc-alkaline volcanics from Late Silurian to Early Cretaceous time. The oldest rocks may have formed in a volcanic island arc. From the Late Devonian, the fold belt was a convergent continental margin above a west-dipping subduction zone. For Late Devonian- Early Carboniferous time, parallel belts representing continental margin volcanic arc, forearc basin, and subduction complex can be recognised.A great variety of mineral deposits, ranging in age from Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician and possibly even Precambrian to Early Cretaceous, is present in the exposed rocks of the Tasman Fold Belt System in Queensland. Volcanogenic massive sulphides and slate belt-type gold-bearing quartz veins are the most important deposits formed in the pre-cratonic (orogenic) stage of all three fold belts. The voicanogenic massive sulphides include classic Kuroko-type orebodies associated with silicic volcanics, such as those at Thalanga (Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician. Thomson Fold Belt) and at Mount Chalmers (Early Permian New England Fold Belt), and Kieslager or Besshi-type deposits related to submarine mafic volcanics, such as Peak Downs (Precambrian or early Palaeozoic, Thomson Fold Belt) and Dianne. OK and Mount Molloy (Silurian—Devonian, Hodgkinson Broken River Fold Belt). The major gold—copper orebody at Mount Morgan (Middle Devonian, New England Fold Belt), is considered to be of volcanic or subvolcanic origin, but is not a typical volcanogenic massive sulphide.The most numerous ore deposits are associated with calc-alkaline volcanics and granitoid intrusives of the transitional tectonic stage of the three fold belts, particularly the Late Carboniferous Early Perman of the Hodgkinson—Broken River Fold Belt and the Late Permian—Middle Triassic of the southeast Queensland part of the New England Fold Belt. In general, these deposits are small but rich. They include tin, tungsten, molybdenum and bismuth in granites and adjacent metasediments, base metals in contact meta somatic skarns, gold in volcanic breccia pipes, gold-bearing quartz veins within granitoid intrusives and in volcanic contact rocks, and low-grade disseminated porphyry-type copper and molybdenum deposits. The porphyry-type deposits occur in distinct belts related to intrusives of different ages: Devonian (Thomson Fold Belt), Late Carboniferous—Early Permian (Hodgkinson—Broken River Fold Belt). Late Permian Middle Triassic (southeast Queensland part of the New England Fold Belt), and Early Cretaceous (northern New England Fold Belt). All are too low grade to be of economic importance at present.Tertiary deep weathering events were responsible for the formation of lateritic nickel deposits on ultramafics and surficial manganese concentrations from disseminated mineralisation in cherts and jaspers.     

西藏塔惹增地区上石炭统—下二叠统拉嘎组火山岩夹层的发现及其地质意义

冈底斯带广泛分布晚古生代火山岩地层。岩石学、地球化学特征表明,冈底斯带的构造属性在晚古生代已经发生转变。在冈底斯带中西部塔惹增地区晚石炭世—早二叠世拉嘎组中发现了火山岩夹层。根据岩石地球化学特征分析,该火山岩属岛弧环境,标志着晚古生代冈底斯发生首次造弧作用,该时期冈底斯中西部已经由被动大陆边缘向主动大陆边缘转化。     

东天山党罗塔格构造带晚古生代火山岩地球化学特征及意义

本文报道了觉罗塔格构造带中企鹅山群和雅满苏组火山岩的元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究结果。企鹅山群和雅满苏组火山岩分别以低钾拉斑系列和钙碱性系列为主，玄武岩和安山岩均相对于N-MORB富集轻稀土元素和Sr、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素，而亏损Nb、Zr和Ti等高场强元素，具有较高的Th/Ta和Ta/Yb比值，表明这些火山岩形成于具有陆壳基底的岛弧环境。但是，雅满苏组比企鹅山群具有偏高的K2O、Rb、Th、U、Nb、Zr和REE等不相容元素含量和较高的K2O／Na2O比值。Sr-Nd同位素组成表明企鹅山群和雅满苏组都来自亏损的地幔源区，但后者遭受了明显的陆壳物质混染。这种地球化学组成的差异反映了陆壳基底性质和厚度的不同。结合已有的地质调查结果，我们认为康古尔断裂作为俯冲带是比较合理的，早石炭世存在康古尔洋，而且它很可能发生了南北双向俯冲作用。企鹅山群火山岩是向北侧俯冲在大南湖泥盆纪岛弧南侧增生的产物，而雅满苏组火山岩是通过向南俯冲在中天山地块北缘形成的陆缘弧火山岩。     

Subduction and Collision of the Jinsha River Paleo-Tethys: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Dating and Geochemistry of the Ludian Batholith in the Jiangda–Deqen–Weixi Continental Margin Arc

The Jiangda–Deqen–Weixi continental margin arc(DWCA) developed along the base of the Changdu–Simao Block and was formed as a result of the subduction of the Jinsha River Ocean Slab and the subsequent collision. The Ludian batholith is located in the southern part of the DWCA and is the largest batholith in northwest Yunnan. Granite samples from the Ludian batholith yield an early Middle Permian age of 271.0 ± 2.8 Ma. The geochemical data of the early Middle Permian granitoids show high Si2 O, low P2 O5 and MgO contents that belong to calc-alkaline series and peraluminous I-type rocks. Their εHf(t) values range from-5.01 to +0.58, indicating that they were formed by hybrid magmas related to the subduction of the Jinsha River Tethys Ocean. The monzonite and monzogranite samples yield Late Permian ages of 250.6 ± 1.8 Ma and 252.1 ± 1.3 Ma, respectively. The Late Permian granitoids are high-K calc alkaline and shoshonite series metaluminous I-type rocks. Their εHf(t) values range from-4.12 to-1.68 and from-7.88 to-6.64, respectively. The mixing of crustal and mantle melts formed the parental magma of the Late Permian granitoids. This study, combined with previous work, demonstrates the process from subduction to collision of the Jinsha River Paleo-Tethys Ocean.     

佳木斯地块东缘晚古生代大陆边缘构造演化

佳木斯地块位于中国东北微陆块群的最东缘,其东缘地区晚古生代的岩浆和沉积演变进程为欧亚大陆东缘由被动陆缘向活动陆缘构造环境的转化提供了关键证据。年代学和地球化学研究表明,佳木斯地块东缘中泥盆世黑台组砂岩,形成于被动陆缘的构造环境,黑台组上覆的老秃顶子组流纹岩也形成于被动陆缘的构造环境;晚石炭世珍子山组砂岩,形成于活动陆缘的构造环境;早二叠世的二龙山组安山岩以及相邻地区早二叠世的其它火成岩形成于活动陆缘的构造环境。同时,佳木斯地块东缘泥盆-二叠纪的沉积地层也呈现出由浅海相到陆相地层转化的特征。因此,佳木斯地块东缘由被动陆缘向活动陆缘的转化应该发生在中泥盆世到晚石炭世,而该构造环境的转化也为晚古生代时期蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋向欧亚大陆之下俯冲过程的研究提供了关键信息。