三峡库区石榴树包滑坡近期变形特征与机理分析

石榴树包滑坡是黄蜡石滑坡群中的一个重要滑坡,一直以来备受瞩目,其持续变形对长江航运及人民生命财产安全造成严重威胁。本文通过对石榴树包滑坡的勘探得到其详细的物质组成及结构,通过近两年的GPS表面位移、地下水位、降雨量等自动化监测数据分析,对该滑坡的变形特征、变形机理进行研究。结果表明:（1）石榴树包滑坡最初以前缘变形为主,现阶段以中后部变形为主。（2）降雨是石榴树包滑坡复活的主要原因,受库水位升降与降雨联合作用使石榴树包滑坡持续变形。前缘变形较小主要是由于前缘渗透性大,水力梯度较小的原因;中后部变形大主要是中后部渗透性小,水力梯度相对较大的原因。（3）降雨对滑坡地下水影响较大,使地下水水力梯度增大可达5～9倍。本研究可为三峡库区滑坡灾害监测预警及防治提供重要参考。     

水在滑坡变形过程中所起作用的探讨

文章以黄腊石滑坡群中的两个相邻滑坡(大石板滑坡和石榴树包滑坡)为例,研究了水在这两个滑坡产生过程中的作用,结论为:长江水位的抬升一方面抬高了滑体中的地下水位,另一方面使石榴树包滑坡约1/3的滑体浸泡在江水中,造成其发生多次滑塌;降水一方面引发坡面泥石流,另一方面使滑体的地下水位出现变化,增加滑体重量,软化滑带;地下水的静水压力和动水压力是促使大石板滑坡产生变形的主要影响因素,却是石榴树包滑坡变形的次要影响因素,地下水在石榴树包滑坡变形中的作用主要表现为软化滑带、降低滑带的抗剪强度。     

大型土石混合体滑坡空间效应与稳定性研究

土石混合体滑坡是滑坡地质灾害中具有代表性的一类,由于该类滑坡在自然界中分布广泛并且较其他类型的滑坡更为复杂,常常给人类带来巨大的灾难。位于湖北省巴东县长江北岸的周家湾滑坡就属于这一类滑坡,该滑坡是著名的黄蜡石古滑坡群的重要组成部分。周家湾滑坡变形开始于20世纪80年代中期,滑坡导致地面出现张拉裂缝,近几年来变形逐步加剧,目前该滑坡处于蠕滑阶段。周家湾滑坡前缘为石榴树包滑坡的后壁,后缘为响石镐滑坡的坡脚,因此,周家湾滑坡的稳定性对响石镐滑坡及石榴树包滑坡存在着潜在的威胁。运用地质分析、工程地质力学分析等手段,剖析了周家湾滑坡体的地质环境、形态、结构等空间要素及其发育模式,并建立了相应的三维地质体概念模型。通过利用数值模拟技术,对滑坡体的稳定性、变形失稳机制进行了分析研究     

故陵滑坡特征与形成机制分析

故陵滑坡,是长江三峡干流河段规模最大的滑坡体。形成特征和机制与所处故陵向斜南翼转折部位关系密切。从滑坡的宏观特征、稳定性模型分析计算、滑床石英颗粒表面的显微结构及热释光温度测试,均证明滑坡具有:层间蠕滑—变形剪断—高速滑移的形成机制特征。     

石榴树包滑坡工程监测设计

介绍了黄腊石滑坡现有监测系统．根据石榴树包滑坡防治工程的需要．讨论了石榴树包滑坡工程监测的基本方法。新增加监测内容包括地表位移监测、深部位移监测、地下水位监测、排水效果监测及施工期的专门监测。     

自动网格法在大型滑坡模型试验位移测试中的应用

应用非接触式光学测量方法中自动网格法原理,研究了大型滑坡模型试验中的位移测试方法及其分布规律。以石榴树包滑坡模型试验为例,针对自动网格法用于大型滑坡模型试验位移测量时所存在的问题提出了解决措施,并对石榴树包滑坡在不同水位运行工况下的位移规律进行了研究分析。     

滑坡稳定性变化与地下水非稳定渗流初探--以三峡库区黄蜡石滑坡群石榴树包滑坡为例

把滑坡体离散化为一定数量的条块,基于水均衡原理建立了滑坡体地下水一维非稳定渗流的差分方程组,其中考虑了滑坡体地下水通过弱透水滑动带的越流排泄,对动态边界提出了处理方法.以三峡库区黄蜡石滑坡群的石榴树包滑坡为例,根据三峡水库蓄水前和蓄水后排泄区的不同水位条件,模拟了在强降雨过程中滑坡地下水的动态过程.结合考虑地下水渗透力的传递系数法,计算了石榴树包滑坡稳定性系数随时间的变化,结果表明无论是在三峡水库蓄水前还是蓄水后的极端降雨条件下石榴树包滑坡都是不安全的.在地下水非稳定渗流的影响下,滑坡稳定性对降雨和排泄区水位的响应具有滞后性.     

长江三峡库区木鱼包滑坡地表变形规律分析

三峡库区木鱼包滑坡自2006年实施专业监测以来,一直持续变形,对三峡大坝工程和长江航道造成巨大威胁。通过多次野外地质调查资料、长期现场巡查、人工GPS位移监测数据、近1年的全自动监测数据等,深入分析该滑坡在库水涨落及降雨条件下的变形特征、演化规律及变形机制。结果表明,滑坡坡体结构、岩性及地质构造等地质因素控制了木鱼包滑坡的变形,库水位是主要的驱动因素。库水位上升过程中,库水位由145 m升到155 m左右,月位移量为最小值;动水压力向坡内,滑坡变形最小;库水位155 m上升至175 m期间,库水入渗前部坡体,对滑坡前部抗滑段形成浮托减重效应,变形有所增加。库水位由175 m下降到170 m左右,累积位移形成阶跃,坡受向坡外动水压力和浮托减重效应作用,月位移达最大值。库水位由170 m降到145 m期间,浮托减重效应作用减小,月位移量降低。目前,木鱼包滑坡变形趋势减小,产生大规模滑动的可能性较小,但须进一步加强监测和机制研究。     

大光包滑坡工程地质研究

大光包滑坡是512汶川MS8.0级特大地震触发的规模最大的滑坡。滑坡位于汶川地震发震断裂上盘,距发震断裂直线距离3.0～4.5km,覆盖面积7.12km2,体积11.59108m3,是我国有史料记载以来规模最大的滑坡,也是目前世界上已知为数不多的几个10109m3以上的超大规模滑坡之一。本文作者自2011以来,在过去工作基础上,对该滑坡开展了1:2000滑坡工程地质测绘,结合物探、坑槽探及浅孔钻探等工作,编制了滑坡工程地质系列图件,从而进一步查明了大光包滑坡的平面和空间形态、滑体结构、滑面位置和堆积特征等,获得了较为完整的滑坡要素定量数据。研究成果还原了大光包滑坡发生时的真实场景;揭示了滑坡堆积地貌特征、植被分布、岩性分布以及堆积体结构特征等,认为大光包滑坡是受强震和特定地形条件、岩体结构条件（层间剪切断层和两组陡裂结构面）控制的楔形体失稳。在此基础上,根据滑坡的要素组成和运动堆积特征,对滑坡进行了分区,分为滑坡断壁区、主滑堆积区和次滑堆积区3个大区,进一步划分为10个小区,分析阐明了各区特征。最后,对大光包滑坡的发生过程和形成机理进行了概要分析,将其概括为5个主要阶段:即强震拉裂阶段、锁固段剪断及楔形体失稳阶段、高速滑动和急刹车运动堆积阶段、拆离滑动阶段、断壁崩滑阶段。研究还发现:强震作用下滑带的进一步碎裂化,以及可能出现的水击作用可能是滑坡骤然启动的主要原因。     

降雨条件下滑坡灾害及滑坡排水效果研究

根据诱发黄腊石滑坡的典型降雨过程给出了设计降雨过程和入渗曲线。 并对降雨条件下滑坡的非饱和非稳定渗流进行了分析。 重点对黄腊石滑坡群石榴树包滑坡失稳后所造成的灾害及滑坡排水效果进行了研究。     

三峡库区滑坡监测中的新技术和新方法

三峡库区地质环境脆弱,是我国滑坡灾害的多发地区,因此,有效开展滑坡监测已经成为三峡库区地质灾害防治的一项重要任务.目前,三峡库区的滑坡监测系统已初步得到建立,大量新技术和新方法的应用成果,为及时准确掌握三峡库区滑坡的变形状况、预测预报滑坡的发生提供了科学依据.文中着重介绍了GPS大地形变测量、自动伸缩计地表位移测量、合成孔径雷达干涉测量、TDR滑坡体深部变形测量和自动远程遥控监测等新技术和新方法的应用情况,并对各自的优缺点进行了分析和比较.指出在三峡库区滑坡监测中,应该根据滑坡自身特点、监测目的和仪器的特性,合理选择监测方法.     

Establishing a monitoring network for an impoundment-induced landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

A methodology for monitoring system of an impoundment-induced landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China is introduced. Currently, based on landslide geological classification, the monitoring regions and methods which include types of monitoring instruments, placement and calibration precision of instruments, and appropriate periods for instrumental placement is confirmed. To optimize the monitoring system, sensitivity analysis of displacements and the water table in landslides affected by reservoir surface fluctuation is completed to determine the layout of the monitoring cross sections and the monitoring points. As a case study, the behavior of displacements and the potential fluctuation of the water table in the Shiliushubao landslide, produced by the gradual water impoundment at Three Gorges Reservoir, has been simulated using 3D finite element method analysis. The sensitivity analysis of Shiliushubao landslide is investigated by the fuzzy set evaluation method. As a result, the monitoring network of Shiliushubao landslide is established.     

Deformation and mechanism of landslide influenced by the effects of reservoir water and rainfall, Three Gorges, China

Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in June 2003, numerous preexisting landslides have been reactivated. This paper seeks to find the factors influencing landslide deformation and the relationship between displacement and fluctuation of the reservoir water level, while the displacement and the intensity of rainfall based on monitoring data; 6 years of monitoring were carried out on the Shiliushubao landslide, a old landslide, consisting of a deep-seated main block and two shallow blocks, with a volume of 1,180 × 10⁴ m³ and located on the left bank of the Yangtze River, 66 km upstream of the Three Gorges dam. This landslide was reactivated by the impoundment and since then the landslide body has been experiencing persistent deformation with an observed maximum cumulative displacement of 8,598.5 mm up to December 2009. Based on the monitoring data, we analyzed the relationship between the fluctuation of the reservoir water level and displacement, rainfall and displacement, and found that the rainfall is the major factor influencing deformation for two shallow blocks and the displacement has a positive correlation with the variation of rainfall intensity. The fluctuation of the reservoir water level is the primary factor for main block, and the deformation rate has a negative correlation with the variation of reservoir water level, declined with the rise of the water level and increased with the drawdown of the water level.     

清江隔河岩水库蓄水后茅坪滑坡的变形机理及其发展趋势研究

茅坪滑坡位于清江隔河岩水库左岸,下距隔河岩坝址66Km,是隔河岩水库中最大的一个基岩古滑坡,体积约2350104m3。自1993年4月10日水库下闸蓄水以来,该滑坡发生了持续的缓慢变形,至目前为止,最大位移达2100mm,且仍在变形过程中。     

Deformation response regularity of Liujiaba landslide under fluctuating reservoir water level condition

Due to the periodic rising and falling of the reservoir water level, the rock–soil body of bank slope is constantly changing between the saturated and unsaturated status, which changes the limit equilibrium condition of the slope body, resulting in a large number of dormant landslide reactivation and new landslide generation after water impounding operation of the three gorges reservoir. Based on the long-term monitoring data of pore-water pressure, water content, reservoir water level, rainfall and landslide deformation, the deformation response regularity of Liujiaba landslide under the fluctuating reservoir level combined scenario is studied in this paper. The results show that the landslide deformation is mainly in the lower section affected by the fluctuation of the reservoir water. The slide deformation appears in the mid-early stage of the water level declining and during the running of 175 m water level. The deformation is gradually increasing from a slowly to rapidly stage, then slows down and gradually reduces to a relative stopped state. Considering that the variation of the saturation line in the landslide will be influenced by the water level fluctuation rate, the SEEP and SLOPE modules are used with Geo-studio software for the fluctuant reservoir level and response pattern of landslide deformation analysis. The study can be provided as a reference for landslides study of debris aggradational landslide.