中国3个商业性钻石产地天然钻石的Diamond ViewTM图像及其意义

对采自我国3个商业性产地山东蒙阴、辽宁瓦房店、湖南常德地区的236片/颗天然钻石样品进行了系统的DiamondViewTM(DV)荧光图像分析,结合CL照相和FTIR的定量计算,探讨了钻石样品DV图像发光结构模式和荧光颜色方面的差异性及其原因。结果表明,3个产地钻石的DV图像和CL图像显示的钻石生长结构基本一致;钻石的发光结构模式与钻石内部氮、氢元素的种类和浓度分布趋势没有明显的一致性,DV图像模式并不完全受钻石类型控制,但DV图像的色调与钻石存在的杂质元素及晶体缺陷有关。钻石的DV图像特征受钻石的生长环境、结晶条件、后期熔蚀、辐照损伤等因素综合制约。从统计学的角度看,3个产地钻石的DV发光模式和荧光颜色有一定的差异,这种差异可以作为区分不同产地来源的钻石的宏观的统计学特征。DiamondViewTM技术在揭示天然钻石生长结构方面和CL发光照相技术效果近似,但更加便利。     

钻石鉴定和研究的进展

2009年中国已成为世界第二大钻石消费国,在国内市场上能见到各类颜色或净度经过处理的钻石及合成钻石。以国检中心（NGTC）近年来在钻石鉴定方面的部分成果为基础,综合论述了国际上钻石鉴定与研究的进展,并介绍了国内、外珠宝实验室鉴定多过程处理钻石的指标。     

新型紫外光致发光图像高速采集装置的研制及其在筛分天然钻石中的应用

为了提高批量小颗粒钻石的筛查效率和准确性,研制了一种新型紫外光致发光图像高速采集装置——珠宝首饰观察鉴定仪(DDO),通过对激发光波长、工业相机等的选用和结构设计技术突破,以及对发光现象采集方式进行创新,实现了批量观察不同宝石间的光致发光现象和发光延迟现象差异等,从而实现对宝石高效检测。对20 000粒以上无色天然钻石、合成钻石和钻石相似品进行的DDO测试结果表明,98%~99%的无色天然钻石在紫外光激发光停止后的0.1~10 ms内可观察到的碧蓝色磷光现象,为天然钻石典型特征,合成钻石和其他无色宝石的发光特征(发光颜色、强度、持续时间、结构分区)明显区别于天然钻石,由此建立了一种通过观测包括荧光、衰减时间在100 ms内的连续发光(磷光)特征差异性作为筛分条件快速、准确筛分无色天然钻石的新方法。本装置提高了钻石鉴定的准确度和检测效率,对天然钻石的筛查通过率可高达99%,对合成钻石和仿钻石的筛查准确性可达100%。     

化学气相沉积法再生钻石的实验室检测特征研究

再生钻石是使用化学气相沉积法(CVD)以天然钻石为基底再生长合成钻石层,得到具有整体外观的钻石产品。由于再生钻石含有天然钻石的氮杂质信息,传统的合成钻石排查方法和检测流程已不再适用于再生钻石的检测。本文对实验室检出的一颗再生钻石进行了详尽的宝石学测试分析,以建立再生钻石的最佳检测方案。结果显示:常规的显微观察、钻石仪器排查以及红外光谱测试都不能将再生钻石检出。DiamondViewTM多方位发光图像观察该样品呈现清晰的发光分层现象,上层为红色荧光与蓝绿色磷光,下层为深蓝色荧光与惰性磷光;红外透射光谱分区域定点扫描样品上层为IIa型钻石,下层为Ia型钻石;紫外可见吸收光谱分析和光致发光光谱测试显示样品同时具有N3和高浓度[Si-V]-缺陷。综合判定该样品亭部的下半部分为天然钻石,亭部的上半部分和冠部为CVD合成钻石,CVD层厚度约740μm。作为我国首例报道的再生钻石,与国外已报道的同类型样品相比,该样品中分层界限不可见,且合成层厚度呈现明显增长。研究认为,应用多方位发光图像分析及光谱测试技术是再生钻石检测的关键。     

Sarin为珠宝批发、零售行业推出钻石分析服务

Sarin科技有限公司作为钻石、珠宝行业科学仪器销售与决策软件的龙头企业,于2012年1月16日宣称其为珠宝批发商、零售商推出了＂钻石分析服务＂（DAS）。钻石分析服务是一项基于网络的服务,为珠宝批发商、零售商、评估师及其他用户在买卖、评估钻石的过程中数分钟内提供钻石的切工报告。     

无色-近无色高温高压合成钻石的谱图特征及其鉴别方法

实验室发现大量小颗粒的无色高温高压(HPHT)合成钻石与天然钻石混杂镶嵌在各种饰品中,前人提出荧光和磷光特征是主要的快速区分特征,然而荧光、磷光特征的差异并不能完全将HPHT合成钻石与天然钻石区分开来。本文将常规的宝石学观察分析与多种高精度谱学测试相结合,对五粒不同的无色-近无色HPHT合成钻石样品进行深入研究。结果表明,五粒钻石在紫外可见吸收光谱无270 nm吸收或是只有极弱的270 nm吸收,随着颜色级别的降低,270 nm吸收越明显。红外光谱测试显示,各粒样品中都含有不等量的硼元素。光致发光光谱测试表明,HPHT合成钻石含有与微量N、Ni、Si等相关的晶格缺陷。超短波紫外光源激发下,所有的HPHT合成钻石都有强磷光,在钻石观察仪下可以观测到清晰的八面体和立方体分区特征。显然,不同的合成钻石的特征略有差异,但综合其荧光及磷光特征以及红外、紫外、光致发光光谱特征,可以准确地将无色HPHT合成钻石与对应的天然钻石区分开来。     

钻石研究的几个问题

介绍了钻石的分级与评价，钻石的人工优化与鉴定，钻石的人工合成及其鉴别，钻石首饰镶嵌的研究现状，探讨了钻石研究的发展趋势。     

HPHT合成钻石在首饰中的鉴别特征

国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心收到待检的百余件群镶钻石首饰中发现混有大量HPHT合成黄色钻石.采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、紫外可见光分光光谱仪、紫外荧光灯、DiamondView^TM等对HPHT合成钻石样品做了详细地测试与分析.结果表明,这些HPHT合成钻石样品具有较为统一的黄色,放大检查可见合成钻石内部含有大量棒状、柱状、细小微粒状的铁镍合金包裹体,且几乎都有磁性,有些磁性甚至较强;样品的红外反射光谱非常特征,均具有明显的1 131 cm^-1处的吸收峰,为Ⅰb型钻石,而Ⅰb型钻石在天然钻石中极少见到;X射线荧光光谱测试显示有强烈的铁峰和镍峰,且在短波紫外线下多数具有绿黄色荧光.HPHT合成钻石在DiamondView^TM下具有不同程度的黄绿色荧光,部分具有黑十字现象.     

Chameleon钻石与其相似黄色钻石光谱学特征的对比分析及颜色成因

Chameleon钻石（俗称“变色龙钻石”）是一种具有光致变色和热致变色现象的彩色钻石,在受热后或长时间在暗室中会由黄绿色变为黄色,在实际工作中发现与Chameleon钻石颜色相似的黄色钻石并不具有此类“变色”现象。为了研究Chameleon钻石与相似黄色钻石的差异,并进一步探究产生光致变色和热致变色现象的原因,本文选取Chameleon钻石和与其颜色相似的黄色钻石作为研究对象,进行加热实验,观察加热前后钻石颜色、紫外可见光吸收光谱的变化情况,探寻导致热致变色的原因,并对样品的红外吸收光谱及光致发光光谱特征进行详细分析与比较。结果表明：Chameleon钻石受热后由黄绿色变为黄色,在超短波紫外线下显示绿色荧光和磷光,相似黄色钻石样品无磷光及变色现象;所有样品均有从紫外光至510nm逐渐减弱的连续吸收和480nm吸收宽带,Chameleon钻石具650～800nm吸收宽带,相似黄色钻石无该吸收带,加热后吸收带消失是其产生热致变色的主要原因;进一步对样品的缺陷类型进行对比分析,Chameleon钻石红外光谱可见孤氮特征及与片晶无关的1430cm-1宽吸收带,该峰未在相似黄色钻石中出现,但产...     

新型GV5000宽频诱导发光测试仪的研制及其应用于筛分无色小颗粒合成钻石和天然钻石

天然钻石中普遍含有聚合氮以及复杂的生长结构,而合成钻石不含氮或含少量单氮并有典型的与合成条件有关的生长结构,利用此类性质可对天然和合成钻石进行区分。但对粒度细小或镶嵌复杂的钻石样品进行检测时,现有仪器由于局限性难以实现有效测量。本文研制了一种新型宝石发光性测试装置——宽频诱导发光测试仪(GV5000),通过对激发光源和滤光片、结构设计和测试方式的研发,实现了可同时观察多个小颗粒样品(最小为0.002 ct)的荧光特征和磷光特征,建立了一种以发光特征差异性作为筛分条件快速、准确筛分无色小颗粒天然钻石和合成钻石的分析方法。应用本方法测试了9015粒样品,并通过红外光谱、光致发光光谱等方法对筛查结果进行验证,表明97%的天然钻石具有蓝白色荧光并无磷光,而合成钻石的发光特征明显区别于天然钻石。本方法避免了样品大小和形状的影响,提高了小颗粒钻石鉴定的准确度和检测效率,对天然钻石的筛查率可达97%,对合成钻石的筛查率可达100%。     

“地球动力学”的研究现状与展望——第32届国际地质大会研究成果综述

第32届国际地质大会通过按地域和构造作用过程等形式划分11个专题会场,展示了地球动力学的研究成果。其成果主要包括特提斯域构造演化及其不同阶段的块体裂解、拼合及后期改造的细节过程,地质历史中的超大陆分布和成因,俯冲—碰撞带深部构造和变质机制,安第斯山(Andes)缓倾角平坦式俯冲过程及其地壳变形和岩浆作用的响应,显微构造对动力作用过程的影响和控制,地壳和上地幔熔融、流变学和动力学意义,大洋岩石圈构造与演化,大陆地盾区构造和再活动,稳定大陆区地震,空间大地测量学和现代板块运动等方面。这些研究成果充分显示了地球动力学研究具有多学科、多手段(如古地磁、超深钻、地球物理、大地测量和GPS等)、多尺度(宏观、微观)和多时期、全面、综合、并逐步接近定时、定位和定量地探索和研究的特点,它从地球(主要为上地幔和地壳)的组成、结构构造入手,逐步认识地球(主要为地球岩石圈)的演化和动力学。     

太阳系形成及演化研究方法

通过对陨石的研究,说明太阳系的形成与演化历史,包括太阳星云的凝聚过程、高温加热熔融事件和低温蚀变过程,陨石母体的热变质作用、熔融分异作用以及冲击变质作用等。对太阳星云的化学组成和同位素组成不均一性、前太阳物质的存在及其意义、太阳系形成和演化的同位素绝对年龄、间隔年龄以及宇宙射线暴露年龄等进行了讨论。结合太阳系形成和演化的研究,特别对电子探针、离子探针、透射电子显微镜以及拉曼光谱等微束分析技术在该领域的应用和相关问题进行了讨论。     

Mine tailings integrated investigations: The case of Rio tailings (Panasqueira Mine, Central Portugal)

Mining generates huge quantities of waste materials from ore extraction and milling operations, which accumulate in tailings and open impoundments. The risks associated with mine tailings have different nature, namely stability, rupture, surface and groundwater contamination, acid mine drainage (AMD) and precipitation of secondary minerals. In fact catastrophic failure of tailings impoundments has occurred, transporting slurry, dissolved metals and fine reactive metal particles to the environment.Often deposition conditions of old mine tailings are unknown and monitoring is deficient or even inexistent. Thus, in order to prevent accidents it is necessary to establish the internal structure, that is, mapping tailings impoundment, internal sediment structures – limits and stratigraphy – seepage and pathway locations, bedrock depth and topography estimates and actual deposition conditions of the tailings. Owing to the complexity of the problem, only integrated approaches can investigate and monitor comprehensively the characteristics and evolution of mine tailings and its impacts on the environment.As this is a multidisciplinary problem, strategies should consider integrated studies such as Geophysics, Geochemistry and borehole surveys. However data from these sources must be interpreted together, in a GIS database, to provide better models and an enhanced overall knowledge of the studied structures.It is proposed to test and validate such a methodology in a case study, Panasqueira mine, central Portugal and to contribute to the decision-making process of environmental and civil protection agencies with responsibilities in the assessing, prevention, mitigation, and controlling the potential and actual effects of tailings spills on the environment.     

济阳坳陷车镇与沾化凹陷古近系沙河街组遗迹群落及其沉积环境

本文较系统地研究了中国东部济阳坳陷车镇与沾化凹陷古近系遗迹化石的组成、分布和产状特征及其沉积环境，提出了三种古湖泊沉积环境中的遗迹化石群落：（1）Scoyenia遗迹群落，由?Scoyenia、Beaconites、Taenidium、Planolites、Palaeophycus、Macaronichnus、Gordia、Skolithos、Ophiomorpha、Sagittichnus和Favreina等遗迹属组成，代表了经常干旱的滨浅湖或泛滥平原上的极浅水沉积环境；（2）Mermoides遗迹群落，以Mermoides、Neonereites、Planolites 、Helminthopsis、 Helminthopsis、Helminthoidichnites、Vagrichnus和Cochlichnus等遗迹属为特征，指示半深湖或较深水湖沉积环境；（3）Macaronichnus遗迹群落，主要组成分子有Macaronichnus、Planolites、Palaeophycus、Skolithos 、Monocraterion、Arenicolites、Margaritichnus、cf.?Thalassinoides?等遗迹属和须根迹，反映了中等能量与低能水体交替变化的沉积环境。     

全球成矿域和成矿区带

作者在编制1:2 500万世界大型超大型矿床成矿图的基础上,根据全球地质构造背景与成矿特征,划分出劳亚、冈瓦纳、特提斯、环太平洋4大成矿域和北美、格陵兰、欧洲、乌拉尔-蒙古、西伯利亚、中朝、南美、非洲-阿拉伯、印度、澳大利亚、加勒比、地中海、西亚、喜马拉雅、中南半岛、北科迪勒拉、安第斯、楚科奇-鄂霍茨克、东亚、伊里安-新丙兰、南极等21个巨型成矿区带,简要论述了各成矿域和成矿区带的成矿特征,首次构建了全球成矿体系.     

Climatological study of the main meteorological and marine disasters in Shanghai

In this paper, the main meteorological and meteorologically induced marine disasters in Shanghai are climatologically investigated on the basis of historical qualitative documentary records and quantitative data. Statistics show that disasters may be classified into six different kinds, of which three are fundamental, i.e. floods, winds, and storm surges. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis and discussion of floods, tropical cyclones, and Mei-yu which affect Shanghai and cause destructive calamities.Firstly, the classification of floods, their frequencies, and geographical distribution characteristics are described and the regulation of the climatic variation of floods is revealed. Secondly, the frequency, source regions, seasonal variations, tracks, and translatory speeds of tropical cyclones affecting Shanghai, and their induced strong winds, storm rainfalls, and storm surges are systematically studied. Many meaningful conclusions have been reached for providing the climatological background of Shanghai.The climatic change and its regulation of these main disasters in Shanghai have been basically clarified throughout this study.     

Mineralogy,geochemistry and age dating of shear zone-hosted Nb-Ta-, Zr-Hf-, Th-, U-bearing granitic rocks in the Ghadir and El-Sella areas,South Eastern Desert,Egypt

The rare metal minerals of mineralized altered granites within the Ghadir and El-Sella shear zones, are represented by betafite, U-minerals (uraninite and uranophane), zircon, monazite, xenotime, and rutile in the Ghadir shear zone. While they are columbite-tantalite minerals as ferrocolumbite, pyrochlore, and fergusonite, Th-minerals (cheralite, uranothorite, and huttonite monazite), Hf-zircon, monazite and xenotime in the El-Sella shear zone. Hf-zircon in the El-Sella and Ghadir shear zones (increasing from the core to the rim) contains high inclusions of U-Th, and REE minerals such as cheralite, uranothorite, huttonite monazite and xenotime especially in the El Sella shear zone. The rare-metal minerals, identified from peralkminous granites of the shear zones are associated with muscovite, quartz, chlorite, fluorite, magnetite, and biotite that are restricted to the two shear zones. Uraninite (low Th content) occurring in the Ghadir shear zone indicates the hydrothermal origin, but there are thorite, uranothorite, cheralite, and Hf-zircon in the El Sella shear zone, also indicating the hyrothermal proccess after magmatic origin. Compositional variations of Ta/(Ta+Nb) and Mn/(Mn+Fe) in columbite from 0.07-0.42 and 0.04-0.33, respectively, and Hf contents in zircon are so high as to be 12%, especially in the rim in the El Sella shear zone. This feature re-flects the extreme degree of magmatic fractionation. Four samples from the altered granites of the Ghadir shear zone also are very low in TiO2 (0.04 wt%-0.17 wt%), Sr [(82-121)×10-6], and Ba [(36-380)×10-6], but high in Fe2O3T (0.46 wt%-0.68 wt%), CaO (0.64 wt%-1.23 wt%), alkalis (8.59 wt%-8.88 wt%), Rb [(11-203)×10-6], Zr [(98-121)×10-6], Nb [(9-276)×10-6], Ta [(2-139)×10-6], U [(14-63)×10-6], Th [(16-105)×10-6], Pb [(13-32)×10-6], Zn [(7-8)×10-6], Y [(15-138)×10-6], Hf [(3-9)×10-6], and ∑REE [(81-395)×10-6, especially LREE [(70-322)×10-6]. They are very high in Zr/Hf (15.07-85.96) and Nb/Ta (7.17-21.48), and low in Rb/Sr (2.56-3.36) and Th/U (0.096-3.36). Four samples of the altered granites from the El Sella shear zone are very low in TiO2 (0.23 wt%-0.38 wt%), Sr [(47-933)×10-6], and Ba [(82-175)×10-6] , with high Fe2O3T (1.96 wt%-2.87 wt%), CaO (0.43 wt%-0.6 wt%), alkalis (4.46 wt%-10.7 wt%), Rb [(109-313)×10-6], Zr [(178-1871)×10-6], Nb [(11-404)×10-6], U [(56-182)×10-6], Th [(7-188)×10-6], Ta [(0.5-57)×10-6], Pb [(12-28)×10-6], Zn [(1-13)×10-6], Y [(62-156)×10-6], Hf [(3-124)×10-6], and ∑REE [(101-184)×10-6], especially HREE [(7-139)×10-6]. This is consistent with the very fractionated, fluorine-bearing granitic rocks that were altered and sheared in the El Sella shear zone. Zr/Hf (14.23-39.79) and Nb/Ta (1.98-7.01) are very high, and Rb/Sr (0.14-1.7) and Th/U (0.25-2.5) are low in the Ghadir shear zone. Field evidence, textural relations, and the composi-tion of ore minerals suggest that the main mineralizing event was magmatic (615+/-7 Ma, and 644+/-7 Ma CHIME monazite), especially in the El Sella shear zone, with later hydrothermal alteration and local remobilization of the high-field-strength elements.     

泰国、老挝南部和越南中部的非海相白垩纪双壳类生物地层学

泰国、老挝和越南白垩纪沉积全属非海相,它们广泛分布于泰国北部、东北部、西南部和南部,老挝北部、中部和南部,越南东北部、西北部、中部和南部。泰国南部的白垩纪地层分为Lam Thap,Sam Chom和Phun Phin组;其他地区,特别是西北部的呵叻高原地区的白垩系属呵叻群的Phra Wihan,Sao Khua,Phu Phan,Khok Kruat,Maha Sarakham及Phu Thok组。在老挝,万象盆地的白垩系由老挝呵叻群的NamSet,Phu Phanang,Ban Ang,Champa和Ban Thalat组与丰洪群的Thangon和Saysomboun组组成;沙湾拿吉(东兴)盆地的白垩系由南通(河)群的Nam Phouan,Nam Xot,Nam Noy和Nong Boua组组成。越南的白垩系在西北部分为Nam Na,Yen Chau,Van Chan和Ngoi Thia组,东北部为Ban Hang组,中部分为NhaTrang,Mu Gia和Dong Dzuong组,南部则为Phu Quoc组。三国白垩系的岩性普遍以红棕色至浅灰色砂岩、砾(岩质)砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和砾岩为主。泥岩中具有钙质结核和硅结砾岩,但盐和石膏仅见于Maha Sarakham,Saysomboun和Yen Chau组内。过去,这些白垩纪地层的生物地层没有经过详细研究。根据地层层序和化石对比,在泰国东北部呵叻高原和南部半岛地区及老挝南部沙湾拿吉(东兴)盆地中识别出了2个标记非海相白垩纪的类三角蚌类化石组合:阿普特期(但可上延至阿尔必期)的Trigonioides(Trigonioides)kobayashi-Plicatounio(Guangxiconcha)suzukii组合,阿普特阿尔必期(但主要为阿尔必期)的Trigonioides(Diversitrigonioides)diversicostatus-Pseudohyria subovalis组合。越南中部可能也产早白垩世阿普特阿尔必期的类三角蚌类双壳类Plisatouniosp.-Trigonioidessp.组合。通过双壳类组合,并结合包括孢粉和恐龙在内的其他化石的对比,泰国北部和南部、老挝南部和越南中部的非海相白垩纪地层得到了定年和对比,从而揭示了东南亚非海相白垩纪盆地的演化历史。     

Chemical and petrographical characterization of feed coal, fly ash and bottom ash from the Figueira Power Plant, Paraná, Brazil

The aim of the present study is the petrographic and chemical characterization of the coal at the Figueira Power Plant, Paraná, Brazil, prior and after the beneficiation process and the chemical characterization of fly and bottom ashes generated in the combustion process.Petrographic characterization was carried out through maceral analysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements. Chemical characterization included proximate analysis, determination of calorific value and sulphur content, ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Inductively Coupled Plasma — Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma — Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis, and determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content.Vitrinite reflectance analyses indicate a high volatile B/C bituminous coal (0.61 to 0.73% Rrandom). Maceral analyses show predominance of the vitrinite maceral group (51.6 to 70.9 vol.%, m.m.f). Except of the Run of mine (ROM) coal sample, the average calorific value of the coals is 5205 kcal/kg and ash yields range from 21.4 to 38.1 wt.%. The mineralogical composition (X-ray diffraction) of coals includes kaolinite, quartz, plagioclase and pyrite, whereas fly and bottom ashes are composed by mullite, ettringite, quartz, magnetite, and hematite. Analyses of major elements from coal, fly and bottom ashes indicate a high SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ content. Trace elements analysis of in-situ and ROM coals by ICP-MS and ICP-AES show highest concentration in Zn and As. Most of the toxic elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn are significantly reduced by coal beneficiation. Considering the spatial distribution of trace elements in the beneficiated coal samples, which were collected over a period of three months, there appears to be little variation in Cd and Zn concentrations, whereas trace elements such as As, Mo, and Pb show a larger variation.In the fly and bottom ashes, the highest concentrations of trace elements were determined for Zn and As. When compared with trace element concentrations in the feed coal, fly ashes show a significant enrichment in most trace elements (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, and Zn), suggesting a predominantly volatile nature for these elements. In contrast, Sn is distributed evenly within the different ash types, whereas U shows depleted concentration in both bottom and fly ash samples.According to the International Classification of in-seam coals the Cambuí coals are of para/ortho bituminous rank of low grade (except for the ROM sample), and are characterized by the predominance of vitrinite macerals.     

黄河流域水资源-能源-粮食的协同优化

黄河流域是中国重要能源和粮食主产区,然而水资源短缺已成为制约能源、粮食发展的关键要素。为优化流域水资源、能源、粮食之间的关系,引入协同学原理构建水资源-能源-粮食整体分析框架,建立具有总分结构、互馈关联的协同优化模型,采用多要素均衡智能算法,提出黄河流域粮食生产、能源开发与水资源调配一体优化的布局方案。结果表明,通过水资源-能源-粮食协同优化,2030年增加流域供水量23.98亿m3;优化了流域粮食生产布局,人均粮食产量提高12%;优选了能源产业规模和结构,煤炭开采、石油加工和火电总装机分别增加了2.86倍、4.08倍和0.80倍;在满足生活、生态环境用水的同时实现了粮食增收、能源增产。