云南哀牢山和新疆可可托海伟晶岩矿物中熔融包裹体电子探针研究

运用电子探针测定了云南哀牢山伟晶岩和新疆可可 托海伟晶岩矿物中熔融包裹体及流体-熔融包裹体子矿物成分。据73个包裹体中120个测 点分 析结果,鉴定出锌尖晶石、刚玉、磷灰石、磁铁矿、白云母、黑云母、钾长石、钠长石、绿 柱石和石英等10种 子矿物,并确定矿物组合27个。其中锌尖晶石、刚玉在两地区伟晶岩熔融包裹体中属首次发 现,磷灰石成分属首次测定。两地伟晶岩矿物的熔融及流体-熔融包裹体中子 矿 物成分及矿物组合各异,包裹体中子矿物与主矿物的化学成分存在一定演化规律,可作为了 解伟晶岩浆结晶分异作用、元素演化规律的依据。研究表明,伟晶岩存在局部岩浆分异作 用,岩浆具不混溶性及非均匀性。此成果对了解伟晶岩物质成分、形成机制及成因研究具重 要意义。对岩浆岩、地幔岩及陨石研究也有一定启迪。     

川西甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中熔体、流体包裹体固相物质研究

川西甲基卡二云母花岗岩和伟晶岩内发育大量原生熔体包裹体和富晶体流体包裹体。为了查明甲基卡成矿熔体、流体性质与演化特征,运用激光拉曼光谱和扫描电镜鉴定了甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中二云母花岗岩及伟晶岩脉不同结构带内的原生熔体、流体包裹体的固相物质。分析结果表明,甲基卡二云母花岗岩石英内熔体包裹体的矿物组合为磷灰石+白云母、白云母+钠长石、白云母+石墨;伟晶岩绿柱石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为刚玉、富铝铁硅酸盐+刚玉+锂辉石、锂辉石+石英+锂绿泥石;伟晶岩锂辉石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为磷灰石、锡石、磁铁矿、石英+钠长石+锂绿泥石、萤石、富钙镁硅酸盐+富铁铝硅酸盐+富铁硅酸盐+石英;花岗岩浆熔体与伟晶岩浆熔体(流体)具有一定的差异,成矿熔体、流体成分总体呈现出碱质元素(Na、Si、Al)、挥发分(F、P、CO_2)含量增高及基性元素(Fe、Mg、Ca)降低的特征;包裹体中子矿物与主矿物的化学成分具有一定的差别,揭示出伟晶岩熔体(流体)存在局部岩浆分异作用,具不混溶性及非均匀性。因此认为,伟晶岩熔浆(流体)为岩浆分异与岩浆不混溶共同作用的产物,挥发分含量的增高(F、P、CO_2)使伟晶岩能够与稀有金属组成各类络合物或化合物,这对于稀有金属成矿起到了至关重要的作用。     

中国不同类型铍矿床中绿柱石流体包裹体特征研究

采用偏光显微镜薄片观察、激光拉曼成分分析等方法, 对伟晶岩型和岩浆热液型铍矿床中绿柱石的流体包裹体进行了岩相学观察和成分分析。结果表明, 绿柱石中原生流体包裹体形态多样, 常孤立或成群沿晶体生长带定向分布, 大小从5~80 μm不等。流体包裹体类型以富液相型气液两相包裹体最常见, 其次为含液相CO2的三相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体, 偶见固体包裹体和熔融包裹体。其中, 伟晶岩型绿柱石中包裹体数量和种类更为丰富, 常见含子晶多相包裹体和气液包裹体共存, 岩浆热液型绿柱石中包裹体则相对较少, 可见熔融包裹体与富液相CO2流体包裹体共存。流体包裹体气相成分主要以CO2和N2为主, 液相主要为H2O和CO2以及CO2– 3、HCO– 3等离子。伟晶岩型绿柱石中常见含石英、云母、钠长石等子矿物的多相包裹体, 由伟晶岩中晶体快速结晶形成; 岩浆热液型绿柱石中的有机质气体更丰富, 与氧化剂Al2O3活度较低而形成相对还原环境有关。富含CO2、H2O成分的流体更有利于绿柱石的形成。结合流体包裹体的生成机制, 认为岩浆热液型绿柱石形成于岩浆演化晚期的热液阶段, 伟晶岩型绿柱石形成于岩浆-热液过渡→热液阶段, 绿柱石的形成机制为岩浆的结晶分异和液态不混溶作用。     

阿尔泰伟晶岩中流体熔融包裹体成分的研究

对阿尔泰可可托海、柯鲁木特和库威伟晶岩锂辉石及绿柱石中单个流体熔融包裹体各相成分，借助激光拉曼探针进行分析，鉴定出固体相为不同硅酸盐子晶矿物，定量给出了流体相成分。根据子晶矿物和流体相成分估算了整个流体熔融包裹体的成分，并据此进一步讨论了熔体中流体的溶解度问题。流体熔融包裹体成分研究表明熔体中流体已达饱和或过饱和，流体相与熔体相发生分离，相应残余伟晶岩浆体系进入晶体＋熔体＋流体三相共存的岩浆－热液     

流体熔融包裹体

流体熔融包裹体是一种新类型,它代表岩浆分异热液的过程。 按室温时的相态和成分可分四种:1.气相+液相+熔体相的流体熔融包裹体;2.熔融包裹体与流体包裹体共存;3.熔融包裹体周围有细小的流体包裹体群;4.含易溶盐子矿物+气相+熔融体的流体熔融包裹体。     

新疆巴楚瓦吉里塔格金伯利岩矿物中岩浆包裹体研究

笔者在代表金伯利质熔浆结晶演化产物的橄榄石巨斑、金云母斑晶和磷灰石精晶中首次发现了岩浆包裹体。捕晶角闪石、单斜辉石及橄榄石中岩浆包裹体研宄证实,其源于基性-超基性杂岩。依据充填物相态和成分,将本区岩浆包裹体划分为两类:A,硅酸盐熔融包裹体;B,流体熔融包裹体,前者又细分出一个亚炎(A′),即晶体-玻璃包裹体。经岩浆包裹体均一化温度值的测定和压力估算,原始金伯利质熔浆晶出巨斑橄榄石的温度略高于1116℃,压力约4.5GPa。     

新疆西准噶尔地区阿尔卑斯型超基性岩中铬铁矿矿物包裹体研究

作者首次在阿尔卑斯型超基性岩铬铁矿造矿铬尖晶石中发现全结晶化硅酸盐熔体包裹体和不混溶晶体-流体包裹体。对本区铬铁矿矿石类型、矿物组合、结构构造作了简述。对造矿铬尖晶石中包裹体充填的子矿物:橄榄石、辉石、尖晶石、菱铁矿作了探针测定。另对二种包裹体在不同矿石类型中的分布作了研究。通常铬铁矿是由超基性岩浆液态分异出的富含H_2O、CO_2、N_2、CO、H_2、和CH_4等挥发组分的成矿熔浆团,在温度713—1200℃,主要成矿温度713—1000℃的物理化学条件相对恒定、冷却降温极为缓慢的深源环境中形成的岩浆     

黄岗梁夕卡岩型铁锡矿床萤石中流体一熔融包裹体及对矿床成因研究的意义

黄岗梁夕卡岩型铁锡矿床的主要成矿阶段一一含水夕卡岩阶段的萤石内,首次发现了含有多种子矿物的特殊的流体-熔融包裹体, 该种流体『熔融包裹体携带有较多Fe、Mg及Cr等深源组分,从原生至次生,其内熔体组分从以含Ca、F为主向以含Si为主的熔体演化, 由均句捕获向不均匀捕获演化,在此过程中熔体组分逐渐减少至消失,子矿物亦减少至消失.这显示了携带大量成矿元素的原始成矿熔体组分的演化、熔体相与流体相的分异是导致Fe、Sn等沉淀成矿重要因素,这一发现确定了黄岗梁夕卡岩型铁锡矿床的岩浆成因. 项工作填补了岩浆成因夕卡岩型矿床的研究空白,为该类型矿床矿流体和成矿作用研究提供了新的思路和方法手段,并进一步拓了流体包裹体的研究内容.     

韧性剪切带型金矿床矿物中熔融包裹体与矿床成因研究

在新疆乔尕山及广东河台韧性剪切带金矿床的含金石英脉及糜棱岩中首次发现熔融包裹体及流体一熔融包裹体，其均一化温度分别为780～960℃与600℃。用电子探针及扫描电镜能谱对熔融包裹体子矿物成分进行分析，通过56个熔融包裹体231个测点分析，鉴定出石英、白云母、黑云母、磁铁矿等十种子矿物，组成不同的矿物组合。子矿物常含Si、Al、Na、K、Au、Ag、Cu等元素。剪切带金矿床中熔融包裹体的发现为其成因研究提供了新依据，表明成矿与多阶段硅酸盐熔体及流体作用有关。     

阿尔泰伟晶岩锂辉石中包裹体研究

本文研究了新疆阿尔泰青河９２号脉、可可托海３号脉和柯鲁木特１１２号脉伟晶岩中锂辉石所含的包裹体，其包裹体类型主要有两类：流体熔融包裹体和液体包裹体。根据显微测温和包裹体性质，求出了包裹体形成时的温度、压力等有关参数。借助激光拉曼探针测定，对流体熔融包裹体成分作了估算。流体熔融包裹体成分研究表明阿尔泰伟晶岩成因与岩浆－热液过渡阶段有密切联系。     

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉研究

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉具有非常完美的结构分带,从边部到核心可以划分出9个共生结构带。本文主要利用前人资料,从该伟晶岩脉的主元素、造岩矿物以及包裹体等角度对各结构带进行了研究,探讨了稀土元素在各带中的分布模式以及演化特征,并对3号岩脉的岩浆~岩浆热液演化阶段和地球化学阶段的划分作了修改。     

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉岩浆—热液演化和成因

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉,由一陡倾斜的巨大岩钟和缓倾斜的板状体联合组成,总 体形态似一实心草帽。其空间分带十分明显,自外向内可依次划分出如下九个共生－结 构带 ：Ⅰ 文象、变文象伟晶岩带;Ⅱ 糖粒状钠长石带;Ⅲ 块状微斜长石带;Ⅳ 白云母-石英 带;Ⅴ 叶钠长石-锂辉石带;Ⅵ 石英-锂辉石（-叶钠长石）带;Ⅶ 白云母-薄片状钠长石 带;Ⅷ 锂云母-薄片状钠长石带;Ⅸ 石英和微斜长石核。根据伟晶岩各共生－结构带的时 空关系、矿物的多世代性和矿物中的包裹体等特征,从岩浆－热液演化的角度,探讨了伟 晶岩的成因问题,认为：Ⅰ、Ⅲ带和部分Ⅱ、Ⅳ带主要是富水但水不饱和的伟晶岩浆 直接结晶的产物;Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ带是在晶体相、熔体相和流体相三相并存的条件下,即岩浆— 热液过渡阶段结晶形成的;Ⅸ带是在热液早阶段从高温富硅酸盐溶质的超临界流体中结晶出 来 的;Ⅷ带和部分Ⅱ、Ⅳ带则是热液交代的产物。但交代流体不是从深部外来,而是从伟 晶岩浆体系本身在分异演化过程中发生液相分离的结果。     

中国山东昌乐地区碱性玄武岩刚玉中记录的岩浆不混溶作用

Abundant melt-and fluid inclusions occur in corundum megacrysts of alkaline basalt from the Changle area,Shandong province,eastern China.One type of melt inclusions,i.e.muhiphase melt inclusions(glass bubbles daughter minerals)were identified,which occur along growth zones of host corundum megacrysts.Microthermometry and laser Raman microprobe analysis were performed on the melt inclusions.The bubbles within the melt inclusions are confirmed to be CO_2-rich phase and the daughter minerals are probably silicates,such as augite and okenite.The results of high temperature homogenization experiment strongly suggest that two immiscible melts,i.e.a H_2O-and CO_2-rich melt and an anhydrous and CO_2-poor melt were trapped by melt inclusions in corundum megacryst.     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

Extreme alkali bicarbonate- and carbonate-rich fluid inclusions in granite pegmatite from the Precambrian Rønne granite,Bornholm Island,Denmark

Our study of fluid and melt inclusions in quartz and feldspar from granite pegmatite from the Precambrian Rønne granite, Bornholm Island, Denmark revealed extremely alkali bicarbonate- and carbonate-rich inclusions. The solid phases (daughter crystals) are mainly nahcolite [NaHCO₃], zabuyelite [Li₂CO₃], and in rare cases potash [K₂CO₃] in addition to the volatile phases CO₂ and aqueous carbonate/bicarbonate solution. Rare melt inclusions contain nahcolite, dawsonite [NaAl(CO₃)(OH)₂], and muscovite. In addition to fluid and melt inclusions, there are primary CO₂-rich vapor inclusions, which mostly contain small nahcolite crystals. The identification of potash as a naturally occurring mineral would appear to be the first recorded instance. From the appearance of high concentrations of these carbonates and bicarbonates, we suggest that the mineral-forming media were water- and alkali carbonate-rich silicate melts or highly concentrated fluids. The coexistence of silicate melt inclusions with carbonate-rich fluid and nahcolite-rich vapor inclusions indicates a melt-melt-vapor equilibrium during the crystallization of the pegmatite. These results are supported by the results of hydrothermal diamond anvil cell experiments in the pseudoternary system H₂O–NaHCO₃–SiO₂. Additionally, we show that boundary layer effects were insignificant in the Bornholm pegmatites and are not required for the origin of primary textures in compositionally simple pegmatites at least.     

Be-daughter minerals in fluid and melt inclusions: implications for the enrichment of Be in granite–pegmatite systems

The study of re-homogenized melt inclusions in the same growth planes of quartz of pegmatites genetically linked to the Variscan granite of the Ehrenfriedersdorf complex, Erzgebirge, Germany, by ion microprobe analyses has determined high concentrations of Be, up to 10,000 ppm, in one type of melt inclusion, as well as moderate concentrations in the 100 ppm range in a second type of melt inclusion. Generally, the high Be concentrations are associated with the H₂O- and other volatile-rich type-B melt inclusions, and the lower Be concentration levels are connected to H₂O-poor type-A melt inclusions. Both inclusion types, representing conjugate melt pairs, are formed by a liquid–liquid immiscibility separation process. This extremely strong and very systematic scattering in Be provides insights into the origin of Be concentration and transport mechanisms in pegmatite-forming melts. In this contribution, we present more than 250 new analytical data and show with ion microprobe and fs-LA-ICPMS studies on quenched glasses, as well as with confocal Raman spectroscopy of daughter minerals in unheated melt inclusions, that the concentrations of Be may achieve such extreme levels during melt–melt immiscibility of H₂O-, B-, F-, P-, ± Li-enriched pegmatite-forming magmas. Starting from host granite with about 10 ppm Be, melt inclusions with 10,000 ppm Be correspond to enrichment by a factor of over 1,000. This strong enrichment of Be is the result of processes of fractional crystallization and further enrichment in melt patches of pegmatite bodies due to melt–melt immiscibility at fluid saturation. We also draw additional conclusions regarding the speciation of Be in pegmatite-forming melt systems from investigation of the Be-bearing daughter mineral phases in the most H₂O-rich melt inclusions. In the case of evolved volatile and H₂O-rich pegmatite systems, B, P, and carbonates are important for the enrichment and formation of stable Be complexes.     

Models of corundum origin from alkali basaltic terrains: a reappraisal

Corundums from basalt fields, particularly in Australia and Asia, include a dominant blue-green-yellow zoned “magmatic” suite (BGY suite) and subsidiary vari-coloured “metamorphic” suites. The BGY corundums have distinctive trace element contents (up to 0.04 wt% Ga₂O₃ and low Cr/Ga and Ti/Ga ratios <1). Different melt origins for BGY corundums are considered here from their inclusion and intergrowth mineralogy, petrologic associations and tectonic setting. Analysed primary inclusion minerals (over 100 inclusions) cover typical feldspars, zircon and Nb-Ta oxides and also include hercynite-magnetite, gahnospinel, rutile-ilmenite solid solution, calcic plagioclase, Ni-rich pyrrhotite, thorite and low-Si and Fe-rich glassy inclusions. This widens a previous inclusion survey; New England, East Australia corundums contain the most diverse inclusion suite known from basalt fields (20 phases). Zircon inclusion, intergrowth and megacryst rare earth element data show similar patterns, except for Eu which shows variable depletion. Temperature estimates from magnetite exsolution, feldspar compositions and fluid inclusion homogenization suggest that some corundums crystallized between 685–900 °C. Overlap of inclusion Nb, Ta oxide compositions with new comparative data from niobium-yttrium-fluorine enriched granitic pegmatites favour a silicate melt origin for the corundums. The feasibility of crystallizing corundum from low-volume initial melting of amphibole-bearing mantle assemblages was tested using the MELTS program on amphibole-pyroxenite xenolith chemistry from basalts. Corundum appears in the calculations at 720–880 °C and 0.7–1.1 GPa with residual feldspathic assemblages that match mineral compositions found in corundums and their related xenoliths. A model that generates melts from amphibole-bearing lithospheric mantle during magmatic plume activity is proposed for BGY corundum formation. Received: 3 January 1997 / Accepted: 8 July 1998