航磁垂直梯度调整ΔT水平方法研究

使用中国自主研发、具有完全自主知识产权的航磁全轴梯度勘查系统首次试飞获得的资料,利用航磁垂直梯度数据进行ΔT水平调整研究,讨论了航磁及航磁梯度资料水平调整的原则,提出梯度资料长波水平的调平方法.对经长波水平调整后的垂直梯度数据进行位场转换,获得不受地磁场随时间变化影响的磁异常,并通过恢复磁异常的长波信息,实现了ΔT的水平调整和增强.实际资料处理表明调平过程具有物理意义、效果明显.     

航磁梯度数据曲化平分析

航磁梯度表征空间磁场的变化率,主要反映磁场的高频信息,较航磁总场随高度增加而衰减更快,其受地形起伏或飞行高度变化的影响更为严重,曲化平研究对航磁梯度数据的应用具有重要意义.本文在分析航磁梯度特点的基础上,针对航磁梯度数据的曲化平问题,采用等效源技术及位场物性反演方法实现了航磁梯度曲化平.讨论了等效源的设置问题,等效源采用单层向下延伸的长方体,延伸长度通常为其宽度的5~20倍,避免了多层等效源反演结果中物性分布趋近于地表,从而导致曲化平误差较大的问题,并节省了计算时间.理论模型计算与实际资料处理表明该曲化平方法可靠,具有实用性.     

航磁弱异常区磁场水平调整——以黔东地区为例

航磁磁场水平调整是压制非地质因素对磁场的干扰,还原磁场本来面貌的重要手段,传统方法主要为切割线调平和微调平,但在弱磁场区实测磁场面貌不清晰,干扰异常影响突出,使用常规磁场水平调整方法难以达到理想的处理效果.本文针对黔东地区航磁弱异常,在介绍弱磁场成因、磁场水平误差表现形式的基础上,对该地区磁场水平进行了调整.为获得较好的磁场水平调整效果,使用了弱磁场区水平调整方法,并针对弱磁场区高压线等干扰异常明显的特点,利用该方法对区内高压线干扰异常进行处理,处理后的磁场趋势更合理,磁场面貌更清晰,突出了微弱局部异常,更好地满足后续数据转换处理和地质解释的需要.     

中国及邻近地区CHAMP卫星磁异常的分布特征

本文利用CHAMP卫星磁测资料建立的新一代高阶地磁场模型POMME-4.2S,计算中国及邻区400 km高度的卫星磁异常及其垂直梯度,给出7个磁场分量的分布图,比较了截断水平对磁异常分布的影响,初步分析了磁异常与岩石圈构造的关系.主要结果表明,在四川盆地、塔里木盆地和松辽盆地等主要磁异常区,ΔZ异常中心的南北两边出现ΔX的异常中心,东西两边出现ΔY的异常中心.在球谐模型为90阶时,磁异常分布的基本形态已经确定,更高的模型阶数对磁异常只有微小调整.在磁异常较强的地区,磁异常及其垂直梯度同步变化.卫星磁异常与地形变化、断裂带分布、莫霍面深度和岩石圈厚度没有直接的对应关系,而与居里等温面深度、磁性层厚度有明显的相关性.居里等温面深、磁性层较厚的地区显示正磁异常,居里等温面浅、磁性层较薄的地区显示负磁异常.     

编制1:500万中国海陆磁力异常图关键技术

高精度航磁图件是航磁数据的提升和体现,通过航磁异常图的编制可以使航空物探资料更广泛的应用于实际地质工作.航磁异常图编制的关键技术在于每个环节都要选择适合于大面积数据拼合的特殊手段,以保证整体网格的数据质量.本文对编图关键技术进行了总结和阐述,这些技术包括:编图数据的准备,构建磁场调平框架,航磁数据微调平,网格化数据,网格拼接,长波长滤波技术等.     

伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿航磁特征分析及信息增强

为探讨伊犁盆地南缘层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿与航磁数据的内在联系,对盆地南缘蚀源区、地下水径流区、铀矿区和原生带的航磁数据进行了特征分析,总结了一套完整的铀成矿体系对应的航磁特征,认为铀矿通常位于磁场梯度带向宽缓磁场过渡的区间内,ΔT零值可作为由氧化带进入氧化-还原过渡带的标志之一.针对砂岩型铀矿的航磁特征,创新性地将化探领域应用较广的衬值滤波法移植到了航磁数据处理中,铀矿区的空间信息得到了大幅度增强,显示出良好的应用效果.     

冀西北地区土城子航磁异常特征及找矿研究

本文基于最新实测的冀西北地区高精度航空磁测数据,利用化极、解析延拓、垂向导数、水平梯度模及欧拉反褶积场源深度计算等方法,重点分析了土城子航磁异常特征及其地质成因,并结合地面查证资料研究了航磁异常与成矿之间的关系.结果表明:土城子航磁异常强度较高、规模较大,应为隐伏磁铁矿引起的矿致异常.地面磁测异常、激电异常及主成矿元素异常与航磁异常均具有内在的联系和可比性,岩(矿)体具有"强磁、低阻、高极化"的特征,赋矿地层中Pb、Zn等成矿元素相对富集,研究区具有良好的铁多金属找矿潜力.     

航磁梯度数据与地质异常反映之间的关系

在异常选编工作中,往往需要剔除掉区域背景场的干扰,从而寻找浅部异常的一些信息,因为区域背景场往往是由一些火山岩、侵入岩所引起,当然也不排除大型矿床所引起的可能性,航磁总场是区域场和局部场的叠加,因此异常往往会因为某种方式被忽略掉.梯度数据具有压制深部异常体、突出浅部异常体信息的特点,这就为梯度数据能够方便地提取异常提供了理论支持.在中国的北部某地区进行了航磁全轴梯度测量飞行,获得了横向梯度、纵向梯度和垂向梯度数据,利用实测数据总结出梯度数据与地质体异常之间的关系,确定了异常选编原则,为今后梯度数据确定异常奠定了基础,同时分析了实测的垂向梯度数据相比于转换的垂向梯度数据在异常反映上信息更丰富.     

重磁异常解释断裂构造的处理方法及图示技术

利用重磁异常解释断裂是地质构造研究的主要手段之一.重磁异常解释断裂通常是在等值线图或剖面平面图上进行的,而重磁异常在进行等值线网格化成图时会造成微弱信息丢失,这些原因造成重磁异常解释断裂的多解性.本文对重磁异常数据在化极、曲面延拓处理的基础上,采用水平梯度法提取延拓曲面上的重磁异常梯度带,之后对断裂带进行窄化处理,通过图示技术将重磁异常数据转换成灰度值,图像的灰度值以变密度显示,形成彩色的变密度图像,这样就提高了数据图像识别断裂的视觉效果.该方法应用在鄂尔多斯盆地不同层次(时间序列)的断裂研究中,提取和识别重磁异常特征所反映的断裂信息,效果较好.     

直流输电线路对航磁测量的影响及ΔT磁场计算

500千伏直流输电线路产生的航磁异常强度在500 nT左右,宽度500 m左右,严重地影响了输电线路经过区域的高精度航磁测量结果.本文介绍了2008年在输电线路区域进行的高精度航磁测量结果,使用新推导的直流导线磁场简化计算公式,模拟计算了导线磁场.通过对比理论计算与空中、野外地面查证结果,证实线性异常条带是直流输电线路...     

重磁场二维希尔伯特变换——直接解析信号解释方法

通过分析解析信号概念,指出目前重磁场解析信号事实上是重磁场梯度解析信号.在借助解析信号分量满足二维希尔伯特变换关系的基础上,提出重磁场直接解析信号的概念,并阐述重力异常及化极磁异常希尔伯特变换——直接解析信号的含义,并给出基于直接解析信号对位场增强的四种处理方法:直接解析信号模、水平分量模、改进Tilt angle和改...     

位场数据网格化的反插值法

位场不规则分布数据的网格化是位场数据分析处理的首要问题.本文借鉴反插值法的原理，提出利用基于预条件共轭梯度的反插值法实现位场数据的网格化.其中，插值算子采用高斯权系数，滤波算子采用Laplacian算子，预条件算子采用滤波算子的逆.通过理论模型和实际航磁数据的网格化试验分析，验证了本文的反插值法适合地球物理位场特征，网格化速度快，精度高，效果好.     

High-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys for mineral exploration targets

Recent advancements in geophysical exploration have been realized through reliably integrating unmanned aerial vehicle platforms with lightweight, high-resolution magnetometer payloads. Unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys can provide a contemporary data product between the two end-members of coverage and resolution attained using manned airborne and terrestrial magnetic surveys. This new data product is achievable because unmanned aerial vehicle platforms can safely traverse with magnetometer payloads at flight elevations closer to ground targets than manned airborne surveys, while also delivering an increased coverage rate compared to walking conventional terrestrial surveys. This is a promising new development for geophysical and mineral exploration applications, especially in variable terrains. A three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic survey was conducted within the Shebandowan Greenstone Belt, northwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, in July 2017. A series of two-dimensional grids (∼500 m × 700 m) were flown at approximate elevations of 35, 45 and 70 m above ground level using a Dà-Jiāng Innovations multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (S900) and a GEM Systems, Inc., Potassium Vapour Magnetometer (GSMP-35U). In total, over 48 line-km of unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic data were flown with a line spacing of 25 m. The collected aeromagnetic data were compared to a regional heliborne aeromagnetic survey flown at an elevation of approximately 85 m above the terrain, with a line spacing of 100 m, as well as a follow-up terrestrial magnetic survey. The first vertical derivative of the gathered unmanned aerial vehicle total magnetic field data was calculated both directly between each of the different flight elevations, and indirectly by calculating the values predicted using upward continuation. This case study demonstrates that low flight elevation unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys can reliably collect industry standard total magnetic field measurements at an increased resolution when compared to manned airborne magnetic surveys. The enhanced interpretation potential provided by this approach also aided in delineating structural controls and hydrothermal fluid migration pathways (a pair of adjacent shear zones) related to gold mineralization on site. These structural features were not clearly resolved in the regional manned airborne magnetic data alone, further demonstrating the utility of applying high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys to mineral exploration applications. The conclusions and interpretations drawn from the unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic data, coupled with historical data, were applied to make a new gold mineralization discovery on the site, assayed at 15.7 g/t.     

Estimating magnetic dike parameters using a non‐linear constrained inversion technique: an example from the Särna area,west central Sweden

In this paper, we describe a non‐linear constrained inversion technique for 2D interpretation of high resolution magnetic field data along flight lines using a simple dike model. We first estimate the strike direction of a quasi 2D structure based on the eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the pseudogravity gradient tensor derived from gridded, low‐pass filtered magnetic field anomalies, assuming that the magnetization direction is known. Then the measured magnetic field can be transformed into the strike coordinate system and all magnetic dike parameters – horizontal position, depth to the top, dip angle, width and susceptibility contrast – can be estimated by non‐linear least squares inversion of the high resolution magnetic field data along the flight lines. We use the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm together with the trust‐region‐reflective method enabling users to define inequality constraints on model parameters such that the estimated parameters are always in a trust region. Assuming that the maximum of the calculated g_zz (vertical gradient of the pseudogravity field) is approximately located above the causative body, data points enclosed by a window, along the profile, centred at the maximum of g_zz are used in the inversion scheme for estimating the dike parameters. The size of the window is increased until it exceeds a predefined limit. Then the solution corresponding to the minimum data fit error is chosen as the most reliable one. Using synthetic data we study the effect of random noise and interfering sources on the estimated models and we apply our method to a new aeromagnetic data set from the Särna area, west central Sweden including constraints from laboratory measurements on rock samples from the area.     

全张量磁梯度数据解释的均衡边界识别及深度成像技术

全张量磁梯度数据具有高精度、高分辨率、多参量的优点,能更加清晰地刻画地质体的分布特征,综合利用磁张量梯度数据准确地获得地质体水平位置和深度信息是解释的主要目的.磁张量数据的方向解析信号具有减小倾斜磁化干扰的优点,常被用来圈定磁源体的水平位置,但解析信号强度随着地质体埋深的增加急剧衰减,难以有效识别较深的地质体.张量数据均衡边界识别技术,利用不同方向解析信号的比值函数,能有效地均衡不同深度地质体的响应,同时显示不同深度地质体的边界,提高了对较深地质体的分辨率.磁张量数据深度成像技术根据实测张量数据与假定模型张量数据的相关系数来给定地质体的深度,综合利用多参量数据联合反演提高了反演结果的准确性,且无需进行复杂的反演运算,是大数据量张量数据解释的有效方法.理论模型试验证明：磁张量数据均衡边界识别技术可清晰和准确地识别地质体的水平范围,受倾斜磁化干扰小;磁张量数据深度成像技术可准确地获得地质体的深度信息,具有较强的抗噪性.将上述方法应用于铁矿区实测航磁张量梯度数据解释,获得了铁矿体水平分布与埋深,深度结果与张量欧拉反褶积法计算结果一致.     

Automated trend reinforcement of aeromagnetic data

Aeromagnetic maps poorly represent lineaments that are at acute angles to the flight-line direction. Commonly used gridding algorithms cannot cope with local trends, magnetic anomalies at an angle with the main trend of the map, and tend to generate closed contours around the flight lines. By introducing some a priori information, it is possible to add extra data between the flight lines, i.e. trend lines, to reinforce local trends. The proposed automated technique is based on a nearest neighbour search of the maxima and minima in the aeromagnetic map. The resulting map is more realistic and derived maps, such as vertical gradients and analytical signal maps, are greatly improved. Moreover, this automated procedure is user independent and easy to implement. The technique is demonstrated on aeromagnetic data from the Kirkland Lake region, in north-eastern Ontario, Canada.     

区域航磁资料在预测松辽盆地北部区域地温场中的应用

分析了应用区域航磁资料研究区域地温场的方法,提出了在探井井温资料控制下采用指数形式的方法计算地温梯度,并建立起居里深度与近地表地温梯度、指数因子的关系,给出了求取近地表地温梯度、指数因子的方法及公式,推导了不同深度地温及平均地温梯度的计算公式.通过对松辽盆地北部区域地温场计算结果分析认为,应用区测航磁资料结合一定数量的井温资料可较好地预测区域地温场,为盆地评价提供较为可靠的地温场资料.     

THE DETECTION OF BURIED PLACER DEPOSITS BY GROUND MAGNETIC SURVEY1

A method is proposed to detect buried magnetite concentrations within river sediments. Model studies show that relatively small (thickness 1 m, width 10 m) plate-shaped volumes with magnetite contents of 0.5% within a non-magnetic matrix can be detected by a detailed ground magnetic survey using a sensitive (0.1 nT) magnetometer. Tests along lines perpendicular to the river but at a different angle to the bedrock trend (or the aeromagnetic anomaly trend) reveal that essentially all total field and vertical’gradient’anomalies detected in the profiles are elongated in the river and/or valley direction. This shows that the anomaly sources are (buried) volumes of higher magnetite content within the river sediments. Further evidence for this is (1) that higher intensity total field and vertical’gradient’anomalies occur in an area where the river cuts through strongly magnetic serpentinites, (2) the absence of high frequency anomalies over unsorted glacial till, and (3) some features on power spectra. Relatively large volumes of high magnetite concentrations within the river sediments may well contain the highest concentration of heavy economic minerals such as gold. Consequently, the areas of greatest interest in the exploitation of buried placers may be selected from maps obtained by detailed magnetic surveys either on the ground or at low altitude by helicopter.     

Location and depth estimation of point-dipole and line of dipoles using analytic signals of the magnetic gradient tensor and magnitude of vector components

The magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) provides gradient components of potential fields with mathematical properties which allow processing techniques e.g. analytic signal techniques. With MGT emerging as a new tool for geophysical exploration, the mathematical modelling of gradient tensor fields is necessary for interpretation of magnetic field measurements. The point-dipole and line of dipoles are used to approximate various magnetic objects. I investigate the maxima of the magnitude of magnetic vector components (MMVC) and analytic signals of magnetic gradient tensor (ASMGT) resulting from point-dipole and line of dipoles sources in determining horizontal locations. I also present a method in which depths of these sources are estimated from the ratio of the maximum of MMVC to the maximum of ASMGT. Theoretical examples have been carried out to test the feasibility of the method in obtaining source locations and depths. The method has been applied to the MMVC and ASMGT computed from the total field data over a basic/ultrabasic body at the emerald deposit of Socoto´, Bahia, Brazil and buried water supply pipe near Jadaguda Township, India. In both field examples, the method produces good correlations with previous interpretations.