三种介质耦联系统动力反应分析的显式有限元法及其应用

在笔者已建立的流体饱和多孔介质动力分析的显式有限元法的基础上，提出了可分析任意形状的流体饱和多孔介质-单相弹性固体介质-理想流体介质耦联的复杂系统的动力响应的显式有限元方法．该方法建立的有限元方程列式具有解耦特征，不需求解联立方程组，因而极大地提高了计算效率．将这一方法用于分析了考虑库水、坝、淤泥层和基岩这一复杂系统动力相互作用问题的斜坝面的地震响应，并给出了一些计算结果．      

考虑土骨架非线性的饱和土-结构相互作用分析

强地震作用下,饱和土体将进入非线性,有必要考虑非线性饱和土的地震响应以及非线性饱和土-结构相互作用问题。本文采用Biot饱和多孔介质模型,基于不规则加卸载准则的修正Davidenkov模型来描述近场区域内饱和土骨架的非线性特性,并采用集中质量显式有限元方法进行分析;远场区介质假定为线弹性饱和多孔介质,通过多次透射人工边界进行模拟;结构采用Newmark隐式时步积分方法进行分析。通过自编程序实现了非线性饱和土体的地震反应分析以及非线性饱和土-基础-结构相互作用分析。通过算例,对比分析了土体非线性对饱和土体、基础和结构反应的影响。     

沉管隧道抗震研究

以南京长江沉管隧道为例,利用动力有限元法对沉管隧道进行抗震分析;对埋深、地质条件、水等因素对沉管隧道地震反应的影响进行分析,并从中得出了一些有益结沧,供有关人员进行抗震设计和抗震分析参考。     

具有饱和土沉积层的充水河谷对平面波的散射

把波函数展开方法用于地震波散射问题的研究中,首次在频域内给出了具有饱和土沉积层的圆弧形充水河谷对平面P波和SV散射问题的解析解答. 其中半空间场地用单相介质弹性动力理论模拟,河谷中的饱和土沉积层用饱和多孔介质的Biot动力学理论模拟,河谷中的水用无黏性流体(理想流体)介质模拟. 文中还给出算例,计算了不同高宽比的河谷谷底的位移幅值,分析表明河谷地形的存在使得半空间介质表面的位移幅值随着观察点位置的变化变化较大.     

地震作用下海底沉管隧道的动力响应分析

基于黏弹性人工边界理论,将地震动的输入转化为作用于人工边界的等效荷载来实现波动的输入,利用有限元软件ADINA建立了海水-沉管隧道-海床的整体分析模型,在模型的海水与海床的交界面处设置流固耦合边界来考虑海水与海床的流固耦合动力反应,分析了地震P波垂直入射作用下,海水深度、沉管隧道的埋置深度和海床土的弹性模量对沉管隧道结构地震反应的影响。结果表明:地震P波垂直入射作用下,海水深度和埋置深度对沉管隧道结构水平向与竖向的动力响应影响明显,而海床土弹性模量则影响不大。本文的分析结果可以对沉管隧道结构抗震设计方面提供参考依据。     

地震P波斜入射下入射角度对海底沉管隧道结构动力响应的影响

基于粘弹性人工边界条件理论,将地震动输入转化为作用于人工边界的等效荷载来实现波动的输入,利用有限元软件ADINA建立了海水-沉管隧道-海床的整体分析模型,在模型的海水与海床的交界面处设置流固耦合边界来考虑海水与海床的流固耦合动力反应,分析了地震P波斜入射作用下,不同入射角度对沉管隧道结构的动力响应的影响。结果表明:地震动的入射角度对海底沉管隧道结构的动力反应影响很大,而且入射角在某个范围内,水平向和竖向地震响应有着不同的影响程度;随着入射角度不断增大,结构在竖向的动力响应明显减小,而在水平向的动力响应是先增大后减小。因此,对海底沉管隧道进行抗震设计分析时,应该考虑地震动斜入射对结构动力响应的影响。     

波浪地震联合作用下砂质海床沉管隧道动力响应分析

对于埋置于海床表层的沉管隧道,波浪作用是不容忽视的常遇海洋环境因素。不同于陆域地下结构,海底沉管隧道地震反应分析和安全评价应考虑波浪的联合作用。基于Biot完全耦合的动力有效应力分析方法,对波浪与地震联合作用下砂质海床-隧道之间的动力相互作用特性进行研究。研究结果表明,相较仅有地震作用,波浪荷载加速了沉管隧道周围海床地震残余超孔压的增长和渐进液化进程,增大了沉管隧道上浮量;波浪与地震联合作用对应的β谱谱值更大,且卓越反应周期向长周期偏移;波浪对海床地震动的影响深度有限,仅对海床地表以下15 m范围内的地震动有放大效应。忽略波浪环境作用对砂质海床场地设计地震动参数的影响,对于沉管隧道抗震设计是偏于不安全的。     

沉管隧道抗震性能试验研究与数值分析

正随着经济一体化的快速发展,城市之间的联系愈加紧密,因此,城市之间的轨道交通体系得以大力推进,沉管隧道因其适应性强、交通便利、不占航道等独特优势,已在国内多个跨江(海)交通工程中得到应用。沉管隧道多数修建于水域软弱地层中,且耗资巨大,工期长,在运营过程中如果遭遇地震后发生破坏,后果不堪设想,因此,有必要研究沉管隧道在地震作用下的反应特征。对于沉管隧道结构抗震研究,模型试验与数值模拟是不可或缺的两种手段,研究不同场地中沉管隧道的地震反应和隧道接头的受力机制,从而为沉管隧道抗震设计提供依据     

沉管隧道穿越纵向非均匀场地振动台试验研究

为了研究穿越纵向非均匀场地的沉管隧道地震反应规律,进行了沉管隧道穿越砂土-黏土场地和均匀砂土场地两种工况的振动台试验。沉管隧道模型材料主要为微粒混凝土和镀锌钢丝,接头材料为橡胶,模型缩尺比为1/30,采用层叠剪切箱装填黏土和砂土构成纵向非均匀场地,输入荷载为不同峰值的El Centro波和Kobe波。采集土层和隧道不同观测点处的加速度和应变等数据并进行分析,研究在不同性质土层中的沉管隧道地震反应的特点,分析纵向非均匀场地对于沉管隧道地震反应的影响。试验结果表明砂土和黏土不同的动力特性会导致沉管隧道地震反应各异:穿越非均匀场地沉管隧道加速度反应、应变反应和管节间相对位移反应明显异于均匀场地沉管隧道,且在输入不同峰值的地震波下呈现不同规律。试验结果可供沉管隧道抗震设计参考。     

饱和土沉积谷场地对平面SV波的散射问题的解析解

把波函数展开方法用于饱和多孔介质中波的传播的研究中,给出了不同土层界面条件（透水条件和不透水条件）下具有饱和土沉积层的圆弧形沉积河谷场地对平面SV波散射问题的解析解. 其中沉积谷软土场地用饱和多孔介质的Biot动力学理论模拟,半空间场地用单相介质弹性动力理论模拟. 对于入射角大于临界入射角时,产生的面波的波函数用有限Fourier级数展开,这种方法适用于较大的入射波频率范围,这是现存的数值方法所不能比拟的一大优点. 文中算例分析了入射波频率和入射角对地震地面运动的影响.     

土、结构特性对饱和土-地下综合管廊动力相互作用影响分析

将土体视为固-液两相介质,基于饱和土体有效应力原理,建立饱和土体-地下综合管廊结构体系相互作用动力模型：在地应力平衡的静力状态下,采用Duncan-Chang非线性弹性本构模型,在地震波作用的动力状态下,采用Davidenkov非线性黏弹性本构模型;考虑饱和土体黏弹性动力人工边界条件,并将地震动作用转化为作用在人工边界节点上的动力荷载。模型考察不同土体材料、结构特性以及土-结构接触摩擦对结构地震响应的影响,得出如下结论：（1）地震波的卓越周期与场地卓越周期相近时,引起结构上的变形最大;（2）综合管廊结构管廊壁厚越薄,埋深越深,结构尺寸越大,结构刚度越小,结构变形越大;（3）不考虑土-结构接触面的状态非线性将会增大结构变形。     

Dynamic response of a tunnel buried in a saturated poroelastic soil layer to a moving point load

The dynamic response of a tunnel buried in a two-dimensional poroelastic soil layer subjected to a moving point load was investigated theoretically. The tunnel was simplified as an infinite long Euler–Bernoulli beam, which was placed parallel to the traction-free ground surface. The saturated layer was governed by Biot’s theory. Combined with the specified boundary conditions along the beam and saturated poroelastic layer, the coupled equations of the system were solved analytically in the frequency–wavenumber domain based on Fourier transform. The time domain responses were obtained by the fast inverse Fourier transform. The critical velocity of the considered structure was determined from the dispersion curves. The different dynamic characteristics of the elastic soil medium and the saturated poroelastic medium subjected to the underground moving load were investigated. It is concluded that, for coarse materials or fine materials subjected to the high-velocity loading, models ignoring the coupling effects between the pore fluid and the soil skeleton may cause errors. The shear modulus and the permeability coefficients of the saturated soil as well as the load moving velocity had significant influence on the displacement and pore pressure responses.     

可液化土层隧道围岩的动力响应及液化区发展分析

隧道可液化土层围岩对地震动作用非常敏感,可液化土层动孔压的产生和发展使得地下结构受到上浮作用,从而影响地下结构的稳定性.通过对可液化土层中隧道动力响应计算,研究了不同静应力场隧道围岩动孔压场分布、围岩液化区域分布以及衬砌结构仰拱底与拱顶的动孔压差变化.研究结果表明,不同静应力场对围岩可液化土的动孔压分布、液化区域分布及...     

SV波入射下饱和地层浅埋平行隧道动力响应机制

目前城市核心区交叠紧邻的隧道群大量涌现,其抗震安全性问题日益突出,但近邻隧道之间以及与地层的动力相互作用机制尚不清晰.本文针对饱和地层浅埋平行隧道,基于Biot两相介质理论,采用边界积分方程法分别建立了饱和地层水平和竖向双线隧道动力作用分析模型,并与典型算例精确解对比验证了本模型的有效性;在此基础上,研究了SV波入射频...     

The influence of the degree of saturation on dynamic response of a cylindrical lined cavity in a nearly saturated medium

In most previous studies on the dynamic response of a long cylindrical cavity subjected to internal transient dynamic loads, the porous medium was usually assumed to be completely saturated by ground water. In practice, however, the full saturation condition does not always exist. In this paper the surrounding soil and the lining of the cavity are respectively treated as a nearly saturated porous medium and an elastic material, and the governing equations for the dynamic problem are derived. A set of exact solutions are obtained in the Laplace transform domain for three types of transient loads, i.e. suddenly applied constant load, gradually applied step load and triangular pulse load. By utilizing a reliable numerical method of inverse Laplace transforms, the time-domain solutions are then presented. The influence of the degree of saturation of the surrounding soil on the dynamic response of the lined cavity is examined for numerical examples.     

Dynamic response of a piecewise circular tunnel embedded in a poroelastic medium

Recently, considerable efforts have been devoted to evaluation of seismic dynamic response of a circular tunnel. Conventional approaches have considered integral liners embedded in an elastic medium. In this study, we re-examine the problem with piecewise liners embedded in a porous medium. Surrounding saturated porous medium of tunnels is described by Biot's poroelastic theory, while the liner pieces and the connecting joints are treated as curved beams and characterized by curved beam theories. The scattered wave field in the porous medium is obtained by the wave function expansion method. The differential equations governing the vibration of a curved beam is discretized by the General Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. The domain decomposition method is used to establish the global discrete dynamic equations for the piecewise tunnel. The surrounding soil and the tunnel are coupled together via the stress and the displacement continuation conditions which are implemented by the boundary collocation method. Numerical results demonstrate that the stiffness difference between the liner piece and the connecting joints has a considerable influence on the internal forces of the liner piece.     

Effect of non-linear soil–structure interaction on seismic response of tall slender structures

Some structures may be very massive and may have to be located on relatively soft soil. In such cases, the soil adjacent to the structure behaves in a non-linear fashion and affects the response of the structure to the dynamic loading. An approximate hybrid approach to analyse soil–structure systems accounting for soil non-linearities has been developed in this paper. The approach combines the consistent infinitesimal finite-element cell method (CIFECM) and the finite-element method (FEM). The CIFECM is employed to model the non-linear (near-field) zone of the soil supporting the structure as a series of bounded media. The material properties of the bounded media are selected so that they are compatible with the average effective strains over the whole bounded medium during the excitation. The linear zone of soil away from the foundation, the far-field, is modelled as an unbounded medium using the CIFECM for unbounded media. The structure itself is represented by the FEM. The proposed method is used to model the dynamic response of a one-mass structure and a TV-tower supported on a homogenous stratum and excited by an earthquake. It was found that the secondary soil non-linearity might increase or decrease the base forces of tall slender structures depending on the type of structure, frequency content of the input motion and the dynamic properties of the near-field soil.     

饱和砂土中箱型隧道的地震反应分析

饱和砂土地基在地震作用下存在液化的潜在危险,液化引起的地基失效可能会导致地下结构的严重震害。以Opensees作为计算平台,对饱和砂土中带中柱箱型隧道的地震反应进行输入不同幅值地震动时的动力数值计算,研究场地和结构的加速度反应及其频谱特性、场地的永久变形、隧道的震后位移以及隧道的内力分布。计算结果表明,饱和砂土中箱型隧道的地震附加内力仍受周围土体的相对位移控制,此外在震后隧道可能会产生侧移和上浮的永久位移,并且可能存在残余内力。     

饱和砂土地铁车站的振动台试验研究

地震作用下,饱和砂土地层地铁车站的动力反应特征是城市轨道工程抗震的关键问题。以太原地铁新近沉积粉细砂地层地铁工程为对象,通过模拟地震运动输入的饱和砂土地基地下结构的振动台模型试验,分析了不同峰值加速度地震作用下饱和砂土与地下结构相互作用的动力反应性状。研究了地震波作用的放大效应与频率特征,动孔压比增长发展过程和液化区域分布,以及动土压力的变化规律。表明加速度放大系数为1.5~2.0;0.1~0.25g峰值加速度地震作用下饱和砂土均产生动孔隙水压力累计发展;0.3g峰值加速度地震作用下饱和砂土产生液化,抑制了土与地下结构的振动放大效应,地表面大量冒水,结构模型出现了明显上浮,地下结构两侧产生震陷。     

饱和土体瞬态响应有限元分析

给出基于Biot多孔介质理论分析饱和土体在动载荷作用下瞬态响应的有限元公式,数值计算部分采用本文有限元法分别计算一维饱和土柱在两种不同类型动载荷作用下的瞬态响应,并将数值计算结果与文献中的解析解进行比较,二者结果十分吻合,从而验证本文方法的可行性。