水功能区污染物控制量计算方法探讨

功能区水环境承载能力和污染物入河控制量直接关系到污染物排放权的分配,是水资源保护规划核心任务之一.本文通过示例分析阐明了入河控制量确定方法的系统误差,通过误差分析确定了计算入河控制量模型的适用范围,提出了污染物入河控制量的计算方法,在水资源保护工作中具有一定实用价值.     

新疆喀什噶尔河流域水资源质量保护及对策

喀什噶尔河流域水环境系统十分脆弱, 运用环境容量总量控制、水质模型等方法进行了重点河段污染物控制量计算, 合理的划分水功能区, 拟订可行的水资源保护目标, 确定了污染物总量控制方案, 为水资源保护、水资源的可持续利用提供依据.     

阳泉市水环境污染分析与防治对策

随着阳泉市工业、农业、城市建设的发展,水资源利用量逐年增加,工业"三废"、城市生活污水、化肥、农药等各类污染物排放量增长迅速,这些污染物通过降水的淋滤,河流的渗漏、不同含水层的沟通等污染途径污染了水环境.在分析阳泉市水环境污染现状、污染源、污染途径的基础上,提出了防治对策.     

发挥流域中心作用开拓水环境监测工作新局面

发挥流域中心作用开拓水环境监测工作新局面李青山（松辽流域水环境监测中心）１加强水环境监测工作，为水资源管理提供高效服务水环境监测中心的基本任务是通过各种技术手段，对江河、湖库水质状况例行监测，对入河排污口进行监督性监测，对水环境质量和污染源作出科学评...     

流水环境承载能力及限制排污总量有关问题探讨

最严格水资源管理制度的实施,根据河流水功能区水体纳污能力分析计算,提出限制入河排污总量意见,为水资源保护提供决策依据.对编制流域水环境承载能力及限制排污总量方案中水功能区纳污能力的计算、入河污染物总量控制及限制排污总量合理性检验等有关问题进行讨论.     

京杭运河镇江丹徒段断面水质达标控制研究——以镇江辛丰镇、王家桥断面为例

以京杭运河镇江丹徒段辛丰镇、王家桥断面为研究对象,通过对断面所在区域的水环境状况评价和区域污染源特征分析,确定超标污染物因子氨氮、总氮主要污染来源于农业生活源,并识别得到造成水污染的几大主要问题。同时,通过水环境容量的计算和分配,与运河该段的排污量对比,得到现状污染源排放量的需削减量和整治方案,实现断面水质达标,为地方环保管理部门提供了技术支撑,有利于京杭运河水环境的根本化改善。     

衡水市城区饮用水水源保护区污染源调查分析

饮水安全是维护人民群众生命健康,全面建设社会主义和谐社会的一项重要内容。衡水市水资源匮乏且污染严重,入河排污是造成水体污染最根本的原因。文章针对饮用水水源保护区详细分析了污染源分布、入河污水量、污染物入河量、污水影响机理等,并给出了积极推进环境治理规划建设,完善管理机制、加快县级污水厂建设等合理化建议。     

洞庭湖水环境质量评价及水环境容量分析

本文以洞庭湖已开展的一系列水环境监测、水资源保护研究工作等作为基础,对洞庭湖水环境质量状况进行评价,分析影响湖泊水质的主要污染物,探讨可持续发展战略对洞庭湖应有的水功能及保护目标要求,定量分析其主要污染物的水环境容量,为有效控制湖泊水体污染,科学管理保护湖泊水资源,促进洞庭湖区水资源、水环境与经济社会的协调发展提供科学合理的依据。     

本溪市水资源质量现状分析及保护对策

水资源是保障经济社会可持续发展的重要战略资源,随着工业化脚步的不断加快,对水资源的保护和水污染的防治已成为当前社会最为关注的问题。本文简要分析了本溪市水资源质量和水体污染现状,阐述其污染源,并针对日益严重的水环境问题提出了一些有建设性的对策和建议。     

廊坊市面污染源入河量调查与分析

参考《2012年廊坊市经济统计年鉴》资料,根据河北省经验系数,结合廊坊实际排污状况,分别计算各类面污染源主要污染物含量、入河量及污染物比重。根据计算得出:面污染源年入河量为122 610.62 t。农药化肥流失入河量总量达84 155.97 t,占总污染物的68.6%;主要污染物的入河量中总氮总入河量67 921.70 t,占污染物总量的55.4%。     

Assessment and mapping of the intrinsic vulnerability to pollution: an example from Keritis River Basin (Northwestern crete, Greece)

Due to the geological and hydrogeological characteristics, the carbonate aquifers are frequently vulnerable to natural and/or anthropogenic polluting sources. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the Keritis River Basin (northwestern Crete, Greece). The huge amount of the flowing groundwater represents a strategic water resource to be allocated to drinking water purpose and to agricultural activities, too. The studied groundwater are characterized by quality degradation processes represented by the anthropogenic and natural pollution such as olive oil farming, agriculture activities, industrial waste and salt water intrusion. For a better management and protection of the water resources, the assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability to pollution are very important. From this investigation, the Keritis Basin showed an intrinsic vulnerability degree from extremely high to very low. This study allows to define the strategies which will permit a proper safeguard criteria, against the pollution sources of the Keritis Basin groundwater resources.     

地下水水质监测与评价

地下水由于分布广、水质好且开发费用低而成为全世界重要的供水水源。中国北方生活供水的一半来自地下水,地下水也是干旱期重要的农业灌溉水源。然而,地下水水质日益面临来自农业、工业和城市污染源的威胁。地下水水质监测是评价水质状况最可靠的方法,并可作为供水水源保护的早期预警系统。它为水管理部门和水用户提供可靠的科学数据以便更好地管理和保护地下水资源。世界上正在执行两个巨大的地下水质监测和评价项目:一个是欧盟的水框架计划;另一个是美国的国家水质评价计划。文章评述了地下水水质监测的现状,介绍了地下水易污性评价、地下水污染源分级和地下水污染风险评价的方法。地下水易污性分区图是土地利用规划和供水水源保护的基础。地下水污染源分级结果为污染源治理提供了优先顺序。地下水污染风险分区图圈划出地下水污染的高风险区,为地下水资源保护和地下水污染监测提供重要的依据。     

Integrated Assessment of Mineral Resources and Environment in Mid-South of Shandong Province

CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERAL RESOURCES DISTRI-BUTIONIn the mid-south Shandong Province,the distribution ofmineral resources has zonality:(1 ) In the west-south part ofthe district(including Jining,Zaozhuang) ,are mainly en-riched energy mineral resources such as coal,gas and oil. (2 )The west-north part (including Zibo,Jinan,Taian and L ai-wu) is abundant in iron,coal,auxiliary materials. (3 ) Theeast-south part(including Weifang and L inyi) is rich in goldand nonmetallic m…     

牛栏江流域水污染特征与水资源保护对策研究

牛栏江—滇池补水工程是滇池流域及周边地区的水资源综合利用工程,是增加滇池生态环境水量,改善滇池水资源质量的重要工程,对于保障现代新昆明建设和云南省经济社会可持续发展具有重大战略意义。然而近年的监测结果表明,牛栏江流域水资源质量有下降趋势。在以往的研究中曾提出面源污染是主要污染源。通过研究,发现牛栏江水污染物以总磷(TP)为主,且主要集中在七星桥断面以上;总磷(TP)污染主要来自于工业排放。并据此提出水污染治理的水资源保护对策。水环境治理措施和水质监测结果验证了结果的可靠性。     

滇东南泸江流域岩溶地下水质量及污染影响因素研究

泸江流域是滇东南典型的喀斯特断陷盆地发育区,主干水系连接着多个断陷盆地及坡立谷.根据最新的地下水污染调查资料,流域喀斯特地下水质量总体以Ⅲ类为主,水质超Ⅲ类的岩溶水点中,东部多,西部少,且暗河占比最大,岩溶泉次之,机井最小.主要污染源是工矿企业及城镇生活垃圾污染源,研究分析了污染影响因素为环境水文地质条件的差异、污染源类型及排污强度、岩溶含水层防污性能的强弱程度和岩溶地下水污染机制的不同.详细阐述了岩溶地下水主要污染机制为落水洞或岩溶洞管灌入污染机制、溶隙溶孔含水介质渗透污染机制及浅覆盖型岩溶含水层越流渗漏污染机制.针对性的提出了3条防治对策:一是调整工业布局,切实减少、杜绝污染源;二是调查污染源及污染途径,重视环境水文地质条件对污染物迁移转化的影响;三是编制地下水开发与保护规划,制定相应的管理措施,有效保护水源.     

青海木里地区地表水环境质量简评

木里地区地处青藏高原的高寒地区,属于生态缺水区。运用综合污染指数法对该地区的地表水环境质量做出了初步评价,结果表明：该区挥发酚的污染指数为0.40,污染分担率为57.2%,远高于其它指标,但其含量〈0.002mg/L,基本无污染;其它污染物污染等级均属于清洁级;水质基本达到地表水环境质量Ⅲ级标准。随着木里煤田煤炭资源的开发利用,该地区的水环境质量和水体生态环境有污染的趋势。提出了建设小型调蓄、引水工程,加强点源和面源污染管理的防治对策及建议。     

Ground-Water pollution and its sources

Everybody wants clean water for drinking, bathing and other domestic uses, but not everybody appreciates the fact that our own actions are often the worst enemy in achieving that goal. Ground water is one of the most misused and misunderstood resources. Because ground water and its movement, and consequently also its pollution, is hidden from view beneath the land surface, the seriousness of ground-water pollution problems has not been recognized until recently. The sources of ground-water pollution are many and varied because in addition to natural processes practically every type of facility or structure installed by man and each and every one of his activities may eventually contribute to ground-water quality problems. The quality of ground water is most commonly affected by waste disposal. Other major sources result from agricultural activities and ground-water development. In addition to these three major categories, there are other potential sources of pollution, such as mining, spills, leakage from underground pipes and tanks, and road salting. All of these activities can generate pollutants which eventually may enter the ground-water systems and slowly begin to move through the subsurface environment. Once under the ground, the pollutants are hidden from view and the existence of ground-water pollution becomes evident only if they reemerge on the surface or in water wells. When this occurs, it is almost too late to do anything about it. The effects of pollution may remain in the aquifers for years, decades, or centuries, because the residence time (turnover) of ground water is very slow. Ground-water pollution may even result in aquifers or parts of quifers being damaged beyond repair.     

Application of the chemometric approach to evaluate the spatial variation of water chemistry and the identification of the sources of pollution in Langat River, Malaysia

The current study presents the application of selected chemometric techniques—hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA)—to evaluate the spatial variation of the water chemistry and to classify the pollution sources in the Langat River. The HCA rendered the sampling stations into two clusters (group 1 and group 2) and identified the vulnerable stations that are under threat. Group1 (LY 1 to LY 14) is associated with seawater intrusion, while group 2 (LY 15 to LY 30) is associated with agricultural and industrial pollution. PCA analysis was applied to the water datasets for group 1 resulting in four components, which explained 85 % of the total variance while group 2 extracted six components, explaining 88 % of the variance. The components obtained from PCA indicated that seawater intrusion, agricultural and industrial pollution, and geological weathering were potential sources of pollution to the study area. This study demonstrated the usefulness of the chemometric techniques on the interpretation of large complex datasets for the effective management of water resources.     

中国北方岩溶地下水污染分析

近年来,受气候变化和强烈人类活动的影响,环境物质及能量多频次、大范围的输入,极大程度上改变着岩溶水系统的水环境质量,岩溶水生态环境遭受不同程度的威胁和破坏,岩溶水水质日趋恶化。本文归纳分析了我国北方岩溶水系统水质特征、污染现状、污染来源及污染途径。我国北方岩溶水水质类型中硫酸盐型水和氯化物型水的分布逐渐增加,主要污染组分为总硬度、SO42-、F-、NO3-和TDS等。其中硫酸盐和硝酸盐污染强度和范围最大,呈现出显著的人类活动影响特征。依据我国北方岩溶系统结构及水力学特征,将岩溶水污染途径概括为:①连续入渗型——主要包括岩溶区地表水（河流、水库等）渗漏污染,城镇污水渠或排污管道破损引起的污水渗漏污染;②越流型污染——污染孔/裂隙水（含矿坑水/老窑积水等）越流污染岩溶水;③间歇入渗型——固废淋溶入渗和污水灌溉渗漏污染等。据此提出了推进岩溶水水资源保护和污染防治的合理化建议。      

灰色关联度法在盘锦市曙光地区地下水水质评价中的应用

为了解辽河油田区域水资源环境背景和地下水水质变化趋势,本文选取盘锦市曙光地区6个水源地多年地下水水质监测资料,应用灰色关联度方法对地下水水质进行综合评价,结果表明近20年来,该区地下水水质逐渐变差,集中表现在Cl-和总矿化度较高,主要原因为油田污染及海水入侵等。