东海内陆架岩心中木质素的沉积记录

通过对东海内陆架T06岩心样品中木质素的测定,依据木质素参数对古环境、古气候的指示作用,探究了陆源有机碳在该区域的沉积记录,以及8.8 ka B.P.以来浙闽沿岸在不同历史环境下有机物的输送机制.研究结果显示,东海内陆架海域东亚冬季风驱动的水动力输送对沉积物中木质素酚类单体的含量变化及其相关参数起着至关重要的调控作用;...     

中国东部陆架全新世沉积体系:过程-产物关系研究进展评述

渤、黄、东海是典型的物源供给丰富的宽广陆架环境,形成的全新世沉积记录十分丰富。本区域潮汐作用、陆架环流作用和沉积物重力流导致的物质输运都很活跃;陆架沉积动力过程与全新世沉积体系的空间分布、物质组成、堆积速率、层序年代等特征相联系。全新世陆架与海岸沉积具有高分辨率、空间分布的不连续和沉积记录的片段性等特征。江苏海岸全新世中期海岸沉积、杭州湾全新世早-中期沉积、浙闽沿岸全新世沉积和其他陆架泥质沉积可从物质来源（海面上升中的沉积改造和河流入海通量）、输运-堆积过程、沉积层序形成的先后次序、陆架沉积记录的未来状况等方面进行分析。数值模拟可用以深化本区的过程-产物关系研究。     

东海北部陆架表层沉积物重矿物组合、迁移路径对底层水团的示踪响应研究

基于东海北部陆架表层沉积物的泥温、粒度分析与重矿物鉴定数据,结合末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的东海海平面演化阶段分析,提取高海面期以来底层水团承载的沉积重矿物空间分布规律与信息记录。结果表明优势矿物种的迁移路径与区域环流系统密切相关,进而可示踪东海北部物质的大致输运方向。依据透明矿物(普通角闪石、帘石类、稳定矿物)、金属矿物(不透明矿物)、片状矿物及自生矿物等优势重矿物种迁移路径的判断和讨论,将研究区初步划分为5类矿物区,分别为冷涡矿物区(Ⅰ区)、黄海沿岸流与跨陆架流矿物区(Ⅱ区)、长江冲淡水矿物区(Ⅲ区)、暖流矿物区(Ⅳ区)和复合矿物区(Ⅴ区)。Ⅰ区受济州岛西南冷涡影响显著,高含量的自生黄铁矿指示了强还原的沉积环境;Ⅱ区是黄海沿岸流与跨陆架流(ECSC)南向输运老黄河三角洲物质的重要通道,帘石类矿物、金属矿物、片状矿物的含量变化可指示输运的路径;Ⅲ区是长江冲淡水东扩的重要通道,普通角闪石、片状矿物、石榴石为示踪的特征矿物;Ⅳ区是陆架水团混合了台湾暖流和对马暖流水体的区域,区内“洁净”的暖流水阻隔陆源物质向东输运,其西侧为物源供给侧,形成优势矿物低值区,东侧物质供给匮乏,海侵改造沉积出露,重矿物及优势矿物种呈高值;Ⅴ区是区域环流系统季节性变化与强度差异影响下的复合作用区,区内矿物学特征与邻区相比无明显优势。从矿物迁移路径的角度认识东海北部陆架的物质输运与聚集过程,可进一步理解优势矿物示踪意义与区域环流系统动力环境的响应机制。     

东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学比较研究

利用东海陆架泥质沉积区和周围砂质沉积区的表层沉积物元素含量和海水悬浮沉积物总量分析资料,对泥质区的沉积地球化学进行了比较研究。结果表明东海不同泥质区的沉积地球化学过程很不相同。浙江近岸泥质区沉积物元素以Fe、Mn、Zn的含量高,Na、Sr、Al、Ca的含量低为特征,其地球化学特征与长江沉积物非常一致。近岸泥质区的沉积物基本来源于长江输入海的沉积物,在台湾暖流的作用下沉积在浙江沿岸。远岸济州岛西南泥质区沉积物以Na、Sr的高含量,较高的Al、Ca含量和低的Fe、Mn、Zn含量为特征,其地球化学特征与黄河源沉积物有好的相关性,但有一定的混合源性质,该泥质区的沉积物主要来源于黄河源的细颗粒沉积物,由黄海沿岸流搬运到该区并沉积下来。沉积物在搬运沉积过程中,元素粒度分异作用明显。东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学过程的控制性影响因子是东海环流系统和物源,其中台湾暖流对东海陆架远岸和近岸泥质区的沉积地球化学分区具有关键作用。     

东海内陆架泥区沉积物的环境敏感粒度组分

对东海内陆架泥质沉积区的DD2孔和悬浮体进行了陆源物质提取,应用激光粒度仪做了粒度分析,并分析了DD2孔粒度参数的垂向分布序列。通过计算粒级-标准偏差的变化获得了DD2孔沉积物中对沉积环境变化较为敏感的粒度组分,约 19和 130μm是DD2孔所属区域对沉积环境敏感的粒级,分别对应于东海沿岸流和风暴流沉积动力过程。敏感粒度组分含量随深度变化的分析表明,该孔上段的沉积作用主要受控于沿岸流,沉积环境相对稳定;而下段沉积环境变化大,是风暴流和沿岸流的混合作用沉积的结果。     

亚热带中小型山溪性河流—宽陆架系统“源—汇”过程

中小型山溪性河流易受极端事件和人类活动影响,且对环境变化响应敏感,在大陆边缘物质循环过程中发挥着十分重要的作用,但学术界对它们的重视程度不够。以闽江—东海陆架系统为例,通过资料收集、遥感解译、样品采集与分析等方法,系统研究了亚热带中小型山溪性河流—宽陆架系统的“源—汇”过程。研究结果表明,人类活动引起的土地利用变化使得闽江入海径流量和泥沙通量在波动中略有增加,但水库的建设显著减少了入海泥沙通量,并且减弱了水沙通量的季节差异,河流入海泥沙通量变化对流域人类活动敏感且响应迅速;河口水体环境、悬浮体浓度、沉积物粒度组成及陆源有机碳埋藏的空间分布格局均显示,闽江入海泥沙主要分布在闽江河口附近海域,其中粗颗粒泥沙在水动力的作用下主要堆积在河口水下三角洲平原及前缘,细颗粒泥沙主要堆积在水下三角洲前缘斜坡及前三角洲附近海域,仅有少量细颗粒泥沙沿岸向外输运并沿途沉积,与大河流—宽陆架系统及中小型山溪性河流—窄陆架系统显著不同。河口人类活动及极端事件通过改变沉积物组成、环境动力、入海泥沙通量等方式对河流—陆架系统的“源—汇”过程产生显著影响。在当前流域来沙量锐减、河口地区海砂开采等人类活动强度增大的情况下,有必要加强相关研究。     

从陆架海到西太平洋:黄、东海悬浮体跨陆架输运通道与机制

黄、东海是亚洲大陆与西太平洋物质和能量交换的重要海域之一,在复杂的环流动力背景下,悬浮体的跨陆架输运是海洋地质学的研究热点。目前的研究表明,黄、东海物质跨陆架输运主要通过三条路径,包括苏北沿岸流作用下向济州岛西南搬运、浙闽北部向东输运和台湾暖流向东分支作用下跨陆架输运。其控制机制有水深地形、陆架环流、冬季风、水体斜压结构等研究结论,但尚未取得共识。且研究结论多基于叶绿素、水温等表层遥感分析获得,悬浮泥沙尤其是中下层高浓度泥沙跨陆架向深海输运的机制有待深入研究,此外,其季节变化、时空演变、输运通量等有待研究,台风、冬季风暴等的作用有待甄别。     

黑潮与毗邻陆架海域的碳交换

作为沟通陆架边缘海与开放大洋的北太平洋西边界流,黑潮对毗邻中国陆架海域碳循环有着不可忽视的影响。分析总结了黑潮与毗邻陆架海域海水中溶解有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、溶解无机碳(DIC)和颗粒无机碳(PIC)分布与交换的现有研究成果。分析表明,黑潮通过表层水涡旋、入侵以及次表层以下水体上涌等形式携碳进入毗邻陆架海域。在黑潮与毗邻陆架海域,DOC和POC的分布受生物活动、水团混合以及沉积物—水界面相互作用的共同影响,表层与陆架水中含量较高,DIC受海水碳酸盐体系平衡影响,表层含量低于底层,在陆架海域与上升流区有高值,PIC含量较低。在台湾东北海域,DOC,POC和DIC由东海陆架海域向黑潮有净输出,输出量分别为2 431×109,1 051×109和21 733×109mol C/a,PIC通过陆架源悬浮颗粒物向黑潮主流输送,通量为1 852×109mol C/a。DOC,POC和PIC由南海经吕宋海峡向黑潮有净输出,输出量分别为2 652×109,1 009×109和230×109mol C/a,但DIC由黑潮向南海有净输出,通量为13 005×109mol C/a。台湾海峡碳循环受黑潮输运的影响,但影响机制及过程至今并不清楚。因此,黑潮与毗邻陆架海域的碳交换过程研究还有若干重大科学问题亟待解决,尚需深入系统的研究。     

近2ka以来东海内陆架泥质区高分辨率的生物硅记录及其古生产力意义

通过对位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02孔进行粒度和生物硅分析,AMS14C测年,获得了粒度和生物硅随时间变化的高分辨率曲线.结果表明,近2 ka以来研究区沉积环境稳定,以沿岸流控制的浅海沉积为主;沉积物中生物硅含量<1.5%,属于低含量海区,主要受低硅质骨骼供给量、高溶解作用以及陆源物质冲淡作用的影响.生物硅含量及其...     

南海表层沉积物与沉降颗粒物中有机碳的δ~(13)C对比研究及其古环境再造意义

对南海表层沉积物与沉降颗粒物有机碳的δ13C进行了对比研究,从古环境再造方面探讨了陆源和海源对南海表层沉积物的贡献。南海表层沉积物有机碳的δ13C比沉降颗粒物中有机碳的δ13C偏重表明,Suess效应对南海现代过程的影响不可忽视,两者的δ13C差值反映了Suess效应对南海现代过程的影响程度。利用两者的δ13C差值,对现代陆源和海源有机碳的δ13C进行修正后,计算得到,在南海陆架周围表层沉积物的有机碳中,陆源的比例为48%,海源的比例为52%;在远离陆架的表层沉积物的有机碳中,陆源的比例为14%,海源的比例为86%。     

泰国湾百年来有机碳埋藏记录及环境响应

受热带季风气候和周边陆源输入的影响,低纬泰国湾海—陆相互作用强烈,是研究海洋沉积有机碳与陆源输入、海洋初级生产力等气候环境变化响应关系的理想区域.通过对泰国湾泥质区T43柱样中总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、稳定碳同位素(δ13C)以及粒度等指标的分析,基于210Pb建立的高分辨年代地层框架,重建了该区百年来有机碳的...     

东海陆架泥质区沉积有机质的物源分析

色谱和色谱／质谱分析表明，济州鸟西南泥质区正构烷烃、姥鲛烷、植烷、藿烷和甾烷等生物标志物的特征与现代长江口、老黄河口和新黄河口的河流沉积物均区别很大，该泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于海洋低等生物（如细菌和藻类等）以及陆源高等植物的输入，表现为不同来源和成熟度的生物标志物的混合，同时该泥质区沉积有机质与矿物碎屑沉积物来源不尽相同。长江口泥质区正构烷烃高相对分子质量部分与长江口沉积物相似，正构烷烃和藿烷所反映的有机质成熟度高于现代长江和老黄河口沉积物，甾烷的成熟度与长江相仿而明显高于老黄河口沉积物。长江口泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于长江输入的陆源高等植物碎片和海洋源的低等生物。东海陆架近岸与远端泥质区沉积有机质的物源很不相同。     

Sources and distributions of tetraether lipids in surface sediments across a large river-dominated continental margin

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)-based proxies are increasingly used in modern carbon cycling and palaeoenvironmental investigations. It is therefore crucial to examine the robustness (sources, transport and degradation) of all GDGT-based proxies in continental margins, where sedimentation rates and extent of carbon cycling are high. We have analyzed the distributions of GDGTs in surface sediments from the Lower Yangtze River and East China Sea (ECS) shelf. The results revealed multiple sources and complex shelf processes that govern the distributions. The isoprenoid GDGT-inferred sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are robust and reflect the satellite-derived annual mean SSTs on the shallow ECS shelf, confirming an origin from surface water column-dwelling crenarchaeota. The input from methanogen-sourced, isoprenoid GDGTs is significant in the river surface sediments but they are almost absent from the ECS shelf. Branched GDGTs are also abundant in the river sediments, but ca. 95% are degraded in the Yangtze estuary, a much greater extent than observed for other terrigenous organic matter (OM) proxies. There is also evidence for production of branched GDGTs in the oxic ECS shelf water column and the anoxic sediments/waters of the Lower Yangtze River. As a result, branched GDGT-based proxies in the lower river and ECS surface sediments do not reflect the catchment environmental conditions. The effective degradation in the estuary and widespread aquatic contributions of branched GDGTs improves our understanding of how to use branched GDGT-based proxies in marginal seas.     

Burial of organic carbon and carbonate on inner shelf of the northern South China Sea during the postglacial period

Two vibrocores from the inner shelf off Hong Kong are investigated to compare the contents of organic and inorganic carbon in postglacial sediments. The compositions of organic elements and carbonate are highly variable in the core sediments, but overall drop within the compositional ranges of modern seabed sediments in the Zhujiang estuarine and its shelf area. The Holocene sediments in the inner shelf have never been subject to subaerial exposure and the organic matter and carbonate can be preserved well. The burial of carbon in river-dominated shelf environments is highly dependent on the river flux with time. Nevertheless, it is difficult to establish a simple relationship between carbon burial in sediments in relation to climatic changes of basin-wide scale due to complex controls of production, transport and deposition of organic matter and carbonate. Our study suggests that the organic carbon to nitrogen ratio can not reliably identify the sources of depositional organic matters because of selective decomposition of organic matter components during humification and sedimentation. Caution is therefore needed in using organic elemental compositions as indicators of organic matter sources and paleoenvironmental changes in the East Asian continental shelves where intense river-sea interaction and variable carbon flux in geologic record occur.     

The persistence of memory: the fate of ancient sedimentary organic carbon in a modern sedimentary system

The cycle of organic carbon burial and exhumation moderates atmospheric chemistry and global climate over geologic timescales. The burial of organic carbon occurs predominantly at sea in association with clay-sized particles derived from the erosion of uplifted continental rocks. It follows that the history of the fine-grained particles on land may bear on the nature of the organic carbon buried. In this study, the evolution of clay-associated organic matter was followed from bedrock source to the seabed in the Eel River sedimentary system of northern California using natural abundance ¹³C and ¹⁴C tracers. Approximately half of the fine-grained organic carbon delivered to the shelf is derived from ancient sedimentary organic carbon found in the uplifted Mesozoic-Tertiary Franciscan Complex of the watershed. The short residence time of friable soils on steep hill slopes, coupled with rapid sediment accumulation rates on the shelf-slope, act to preserve the ancient organic carbon. A comparable quantity of modern organic carbon is added to particles in the watershed and on the shelf and slope. The bimodal mixture of ancient and modern C in soils and sediments may be characteristic of many short, mountainous rivers. If the Eel River chemistry is typical of such rivers, more than 40 Tg of ancient organic C may be delivered to the world’s oceans each year. A flux of that magnitude would have a significant influence on marine and global C-cycles.     

Organic Carbon Isotope Geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, South China

The Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation on the Yangtze Platform, South China, documents a sedimentary succession with different sedimentary facies from carbonate platform to slope and to deep sea basin, and hosts one of the world-class phosphorite deposits. In these strata, exquisitely preserved fossils have been discovered： the Weng＇an biota. This study presents carbon isotope geochemistry which is associated paired carbonate and organic matter from the Weng＇an section of a carbonate platform （shelf of the Yangtze Platform, Guizhou Province） from the Songtao section and Nanming section of a transition belt （slope of the Yangtze Platform, Guizhou Province） and from the Yanwutan section （basin area of the Yangtze Platform, Hunan Province）. Environmental variations and bio-events on the Yangtze Platform during the Late Neoproterozoic and their causal relationship are discussed. Negative carbon isotope values for carbonate and organic carbon （mean δ^13Corg = -35.0‰） from the uppermost Nantuo Formation are followed by an overall increase in δ^13C up-section. Carbon isotope values vary between -9.9‰ and 3.6‰ for carbonate and between -35.6‰ and -21.5‰ for organic carbon, respectively. Heavier δ^13Ccarb values suggest an increase in organic carbon burial, possibly related to increasing productivity （such as the Weng＇an biota）. The δ^13C values of the sediments from the Doushantuo Formation decreased from the platform via the slope to basin, reflecting a reduced environment with minor dissolved inorganic carbon possibly due to a lower primary productivity. It is deduced that the classical upwelling process, the stratification structure and the hydrothermal eruption are principally important mechanisms to interpret the carbon isotopic compositions of the sediments from the Doushantuo Formation.     

Manganese Sources and Sinks in the Arctic Ocean with Reference to Periodic Enrichments in Basin Sediments

Between 1990 and 2007, twenty-nine box cores were recovered within the Arctic Ocean spanning shelf, slope and basin locations, and analyzed for aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), other inorganic components and organic carbon (C_Org). Using these core data together with literature values, we have constructed budgets for Al and Mn in the Arctic Ocean. Most of the Al and Mn entering the Arctic comes from rivers or coastal erosion, and almost all of these two elements is trapped within the Arctic. Total Mn distributions in sediments reflect the recycling and loss of much of the Mn from shelf sediments with ultimate burial over the slopes and in basins. Mn enrichments observed as bands in long cores from the basins appear to co-occur with inter-glacial periods. Our Mn budget suggests that change in sea level associated with the accumulation and melting of glaciers is a likely cause for the banding. The Arctic Ocean, which presently contains as much as 50% shelf area, loses most of that when global sea level falls by?~120?m during glacial maxima. With lower sea level, Mn input from rivers and coastal erosion declines, and inputs become stored in permafrost on the sub-aerial shelves or at the shelf margin. Sea-level rise re-establishes coastal erosion and large riverine inputs at the margin and initiates the remobilization of Mn stored on shelves by turning on algal productivity, which provides the C_Org required to reduce sedimentary Mn oxyhydroxides.     

Speciation and stable isotopic compositions of humic sulfur in mud sediment of the East China Sea: Constraints on origins and pathways of organic sulfur formation

Humic sulfur is commonly the most important pool of organic sulfur (OS) in marine sediments and also important for the budget of total sedimentary sulfur. In this study, contents and stable sulfur isotopic compositions of hydrolyzable organic sulfur (HYOS), humic acid sulfur (HA-S) and fulvic acid sulfur (FA-S) in one core collected from the East China Sea (ECS) inner shelf were determined to investigate the sources and pathways of OS formation and to compare diagenetic geochemistry of HA-S and FA-S. HYOS in the core is essentially biological in origin and diagenetically refractory, with a fairly low fraction of labile sulfur bearing biomolecules. HA-S in the core is largely terrigenous residual bio-OS, while FA-S is a mixture of marine bio- and diagenetic OS (diag-OS), with the diag-OS fractions between 44% and 71%. Both HA-S and FA-S contents in the core are at the lower ends of the corresponding values reported in the literature. The HA in the sediments is diagenetically inert, subject to neither significant diagenetic sulfurization nor bio-OS mineralization loss, while the FA is reactive, prone to both sulfurization and decomposition loss of diagenetically bound OS. Low contents of humic S [i.e., ∑(HA-S + FA-S)] in the core may suggest that OS burial has only minor contribution to the burial of total sulfur in the sediments due to generally low OM sulfurization.     

有机质供给和保存在烃源岩形成中的控制作用

烃源岩形成研究一直集中于海相盆地的“生产力模式”和“保存模式”之争, 湖相盆地研究较少.利用二连盆地烃源岩有机碳、碳酸盐碳同位素、热解参数、还原硫等地球化学分析数据, 表征了湖盆古生产力和陆源有机质输入, 研究了有机质供给和保存在烃源岩形成中的控制作用, 发现不同的湖盆中有机质供给和保存对烃源岩形成的控制作用明显不同.有机质供给量大的湖盆原始有机质含量高, 烃源岩形成主要受有机质供给控制, 受有机质保存条件影响小, 即使在含氧的水底也会有部分有机质来不及氧化而富集形成烃源岩; 有机质供给量小的湖盆原始有机质含量低, 氧化环境中大部分有机质被降解难以形成烃源岩, 只有还原环境下有机质才能得到较好的保存, 有机质保存是控制烃源岩形成的主要因素.      

川东地区石炭系碳酸盐岩碳、氧、锶同位素特征及其成因分析

利用微量元素和碳、氧同位素特征对样品有效性作出了检验.在证明样品未受明显蚀变的前提下对川东地区石炭系碳酸盐岩碳、氧、锶同位素进行了分析.在层序地层格架中对比不同体系域、不同岩性的碳、氧同位素特征,87Sr/86Sr比值特征,Z值与古温度特征,分析了碳酸盐岩的成岩环境.低位体系域以膏盐湖及萨巴哈环境为主,炎热干旱,陆源淡...