粤东北桃源铀矿床黄铁矿地球化学特征及其地质意义

粤东北桃源铀矿床位于华南铀成矿省武夷山铀成矿带,其矿床成因、成矿物理化学环境特征等还未开展深入研究。黄铁矿的地球化学特征往往能够有效地反映其形成时的地球化学环境。桃源铀矿床中黄铁矿与沥青铀矿成因关系密切。因此笔者在野外地质调查和岩相学基础上,利用LA- ICP- MS原位分析技术,对桃源矿床黄铁矿主、微量元素开展研究。结果表明：①黄铁矿主量元素w（Fe）=41.64% ~ 49.39%,平均值为45.83%;w（S）=50.56% ~ 57.62%,平均值为53.73%,w（Fe）/w（S）=0.73 ~ 0.98,平均值为0.85,表明其形成环境是一个微弱缺铁,相对富硫的相对封闭的地球化学环境;②黄铁矿中相对富集Si、Na、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Co、Ni、Ti、Cu、Ge、As、Se、Bi、Pb等微量元素;③绝大多数微量元素与主量元素Fe、S无明显线性关系,表明在黄铁矿形成过程中,这些微量元素的地球化学行为除受到类质同象因素的影响外,还受其他因素影响;④成矿元素U与部分微量元素显示出较好的正相关关系,其中Na、Ti等元素含量高表明与铀矿物在空间上紧密相关的黄铁矿形成于成矿早期的碱性热液蚀变阶段,而非成矿期,要早于铀成矿时间,并为铀成矿提供还原剂;⑤黄铁矿内部微裂隙发育,成矿期铀矿物容易进入其中,从而引起裂隙附近铀矿含量升高。伴随的高含量As表明其形成于中低温热液环境。     

若尔盖铀矿田热液矿物微量元素地球化学特征

通过研究若尔盖铀矿田与铀成矿作用密切的热液矿物—方解石、石英、黄铁矿等的微量元素地球化学特征表明,方解石、石英、黄铁矿具有相似的微量元素组成,相对富含Sr、Zr、Ba、Zn、U、Ni、Cr等元素,说明形成方解石、石英和黄铁矿的流体来源相同。相关性分析表明,方解石、石英中成矿元素U与Zr、Ta、Co、Ni等深源元素显著正相关,反映若尔盖铀矿田的成矿流体应当来源于深部。     

若尔盖铀矿田热液矿物微量元素地球化学特征

通过研究若尔盖铀矿田与铀成矿作用密切的热液矿物—方解石、石英、黄铁矿等的微量元素地球化学特征表明,方解石、石英、黄铁矿具有相似的微量元素组成,相对富含Sr、Zr、Ba、Zn、U、Ni、Cr等元素,说明形成方解石、石英和黄铁矿的流体来源相同。相关性分析表明,方解石、石英中成矿元素U与Zr、Ta、Co、Ni等深源元素显著正相关,反映若尔盖铀矿田的成矿流体应当来源于深部。     

若尔盖铀矿田热液矿物微量元素地球化学特征

通过研究若尔盖铀矿田与铀成矿作用密切的热液矿物—方解石、石英、黄铁矿等的微量元素地球化学特征表明,方解石、石英、黄铁矿具有相似的微量元素组成,相对富含Sr、Zr、Ba、Zn、U、Ni、Cr等元素,说明形成方解石、石英和黄铁矿的流体来源相同。相关性分析表明,方解石、石英中成矿元素U与Zr、Ta、Co、Ni等深源元素显著正相关,反映若尔盖铀矿田的成矿流体应当来源于深部。     

诸广中部塘湾铀矿床黄铁矿成因及其对铀成矿作用的指示

为深入探讨塘湾铀矿床成因,本文以诸广山中部仁化县城口矿田塘湾铀矿床的黄铁矿为研究对象,基于详细的岩相学,将黄铁矿精细划分为成矿早期（pyⅠ）、成矿期（pyⅡa、pyⅡb）及成矿晚期（pyⅢ）三个时期四个阶段。采用EPMA和LA- ICP- MS）技术对各阶段的黄铁矿开展主、微量元素及硫同位素原位测试分析。结果显示：塘湾铀矿床黄铁矿Fe含量为45. 80%~46. 80%,S含量为51. 85%~53. 84%,n(S)/n(Fe)为1. 96~2. 03。黄铁矿中微量元素种类少且含量低,部分低于检出限,相对大陆地壳显著富集As、Se、Ag、Sb、Au、Bi、U元素,As含量最高,平均1587×10-6;Co/Ni值为1. 07~59. 1;各阶段稀土元素总量低且主成矿期相对高,配分模式一致,与花岗岩围岩高度相似,负铕异常明显（δEu为0. 12~0. 44）。黄铁矿的δ34SCDT为-3. 1‰～-19. 9‰,pyⅠ、pyⅡa、pyⅡb、pyⅢ明显呈先降低再升高的特征。综合上述地球化学特征,认为塘湾铀矿床黄铁矿均为富As亏S型黄铁矿,有利于铀成矿;其属中低温岩浆热液成因,物质来源于围岩花岗岩。结合不同阶段黄铁矿地球化学特征变化、矿床地质特征和铀成矿理论,认为塘湾矿床自成矿早期、主成矿期至成矿晚期成矿流体一致显示相对还原的环境,且经历了相对氧化还原相对氧化的演化,成矿温度逐渐降低。黄铁矿对于流体中铀的沉淀起到了重要还原剂作用。     

相山铀矿田黄铁矿微量元素、硫同位素特征及其地质意义

相山铀矿田位于江西省境内的相山火山盆地中,是中国目前最大的火山岩型铀矿田。文章利用电子探针(EPMA)和激光剥蚀多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-MC-ICP-MS)技术对矿田内几个典型铀矿床(居隆庵、河元背和沙洲矿床)中矿前期热液蚀变阶段形成的黄铁矿分别进行了微量元素及S同位素组成特征研究。研究结果表明,矿田内铀矿床中黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值主要介于2.00～6.00,支持其为热液成因。黄铁矿的δ34S值总体变化于+0.1‰～+16.2‰,但西部与北部铀矿床之间黄铁矿δ34S值存在显著差异:西部铀矿床(居隆庵、河元背)中黄铁矿δ34S值为+0.1‰～+8.4‰,介于矿田内新元古代基底变质沉积岩δ34S值(+7.9‰～+9.4‰)与壳源岩浆δ34S值(-5.0‰～+5.0‰)之间,暗示S可能来自基底变质沉积岩硫与围岩(流纹英安岩和碎斑熔岩)中硫化物的硫的混合;北部沙洲铀矿床中黄铁矿的δ34S值为+7.5‰～+16.2‰,与蒸发硫酸盐δ34S值相接近,表明硫的来源可能主要与矿田西北侧红盆内硫酸盐的热化学还原(TSR)相关,围岩(花岗斑岩)中的Fe2+在还原过程中发挥了重要作用。同时,热化学还原产生的H2S与围岩中的Fe2+进一步结合形成黄铁矿。铀成矿期含铀热液中的六价U(Ⅵ)与铀成矿前期形成的上述黄铁矿发生氧化还原反应,导致铀沉淀成矿。     

伊犁蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿形成机制及对铀成矿的指示意义

蒙其古尔铀矿床为伊犁盆地南缘大型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床,为查明该矿床含矿层中黄铁矿成因及其形成机制,探讨微生物参与铀成矿过程。文章对含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿与铀矿物矿物学特征、黄铁矿S同位素与碳酸盐胶结物的C-O同位素开展细致研究。研究表明:①蒙其古尔铀矿床中铀主要以铀矿物与吸附铀形式存在,吸附铀主要为有机质吸附铀,铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主,多与黄铁矿、炭屑共生;②蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿主要以自形晶、草莓状和不规则状集合体产出,多与沥青铀矿、碳酸盐胶结物共生,其中黄铁矿S同位素(δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)=-68.4‰～22.1‰)与碳酸盐胶结物的C-O同位素(δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-10.2‰～-7.4‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-9.6‰～-5.8‰)分析表明黄铁矿具有细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR)与有机物热解2种成因,并探讨了这2种不同成因黄铁矿的形成机制。③结合前人研究成果,认为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)参与蒙其古尔铀矿床铀成矿过程,以间接还原方式为主,在有机质、黏土矿物与颗粒表面吸附U(Ⅵ)的基础上,通过硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)还原SO_4~(2-)产生的H_2S将U(Ⅵ)被还原成U(Ⅳ),形成铀矿物。     

下庄竹山下铀矿床黄铁矿元素地球化学特征及其表征意义

竹山下铀矿床是粤北下庄铀矿田内大型铀矿床之一,铀矿化类型为"交点"型和硅化带型。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对竹山下铀矿床4种不同类型黄铁矿进行元素含量分析及硫同位素测试,结果表明:"交点"型矿石中黄铁矿相对富集Pb、 Cu、 Co、 As、 Ni、 Se、 Bi、 U、 Sb、 Zn等微量元素;"交点"型铀矿化形成于中深部高温环境,成矿热液具有地幔流体特征,成矿过程硫来源与该区花岗岩中黄铁矿的硫来源一致或者相似,花岗岩中的黄铁矿可能为该期成矿事件的产物;竹山下矿床在垂向上表现出越往深部硫逸度越低的特征;"交点"型和硅化带型中黄铁矿具有相似的微量元素配分曲线,表明二者具有相同的成矿热液来源,且与辉绿岩中黄铁矿配分曲线相似,表明该区成矿热液具有深源性。     

红石泉铀矿床晶质铀矿矿物学特征研究及其找矿意义

龙首山铀成矿带西段的红石泉铀矿床是中国典型的伟晶岩型铀矿床,具有“岩体型”矿化特征。文章以红石泉晶质铀矿为切入点,结合全岩地球化学与晶质铀矿矿物学以及元素地球化学特征,探讨红石泉矿床铀矿物蚀变演化及铀矿化特征,得出以下认识：(1)红石泉矿床原生晶质铀矿受明显热液蚀变改造,w(UO₂+ThO₂+PbO+REE₂O₃+Y₂O₃)逐渐减少,w(CaO+SiO₂+FeO+Al₂O₃)明显增加,在蚀变改造过程中U从晶质铀矿中释放,随流体迁移;(2)红石泉矿床晶质铀矿Pb丢失现象较普遍,其中在背散射图像中较亮的A类晶质铀矿Pb丢失机制为重结晶,其重结晶加权平均年龄为(416±18)Ma,而较暗的B类晶质铀矿Pb丢失机制为扩散(浸出);(3)红石泉矿床岩浆铀成矿阶段之后,存在后期热液铀成矿作用。根据全岩元素地球化学特征,结合区内正长岩结晶年龄,文章推测红石泉矿床热液铀成矿与正长岩浆分异的碱性热液关系密切。     

辽东地区前寒武纪变质岩中黄铁矿特征分析

利用电镜能谱分析技术对董家沟组片麻岩和辽河群板岩、大理岩样品中10个黄铁矿主量元素进行分析,检测结果表明,以辽河群板岩样品为主的6个黄铁矿w(Fe)=56.30%～65.42%、w(S)=34.58%～43.70%,属于硫亏损性黄铁矿,形成于富铁贫硫环境;董家沟组片麻岩和辽河群大理岩的4个黄铁矿样品w(Fe)=40.61%～45.11%、w(S)=54.74%～59.39%,属于硫饱和性黄铁矿,形成于贫铁富硫环境。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)