安徽池州许桥银矿地质特征及矿区深部找矿方向

许桥银矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区东南部,矿床银储量达到中型规模,成矿岩体为分水岭石英闪长岩,矿体主要呈似层状赋存于分水岭岩体北东侧奥陶系仑山组、汤山组地层层间裂隙中;矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、黄铜矿、辉银矿、自然银,脉石矿物为石英、碳酸盐矿物;矿石组构以自形-他形晶结构、交代结构、稀疏浸染状构造和网脉状构造为主;围岩蚀变类型主要有硅化、碳酸盐化、矽卡岩化、绿泥石化等;许桥银矿床成矿作用经历了两个成矿期：热液期和表生期,热液期又可分为三个成矿阶段,即为矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物阶段及碳酸盐-硫化物阶段;成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主、晚期混有大气降水的流体演化特征;成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液,地层贡献了部分矿质;成矿温度为中低温（208～259℃）,矿床类型为中低温热液银多金属矿床,并指明了矿区深部找矿方向。     

河北省小石门银金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

小石门银金矿位于小寺沟铜钼矿外围,是小寺沟铜钼矿成矿系列的组成部分.矿区内有三条长逾千米的金银矿化带,共17个矿体.矿体赋存于硅质白云岩中,受北北东向断裂及顺层滑脱断层构造控制明显,在空间上和切层或顺层产出的闪长玢岩及二长斑岩关系密切.矿体形态为不规则脉状、透镜状、囊状,矿石成分为富金属硫化物矿石及贫金属硫化物矿石,围岩蚀变主要表现为褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化.从硫同位素特征、稀土元素特征、成矿温度、包体成分特征等矿床地球化学特征综合研究,认为该矿床硫元素和成矿物质来源于与小寺沟杂岩体同源异相岩浆岩,矿床的成矿温度属中低温,矿物组合为中低温矿物组合,成矿热液为岩浆热液.矿床成因为与小寺沟杂岩体及二长斑岩有关的中低温热液充填型矿床.     

西藏斯弄多浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿床银的赋存状态研究

斯弄多银铅锌矿床是冈底斯成矿带林子宗群火山岩中发现的首例低硫化型浅成低温热液型中-大型多金属矿床。矿区矿物组合多样,矿石组构复杂,具有热液成矿作用的典型特征,成矿阶段可划分为(I)闪锌矿-黄铜矿-硫砷铜矿-黄铁矿-石英阶段、(Ⅱ)方铅矿-闪锌矿-银矿物阶段、(Ⅲ)黄铁矿-石英-方解石三个成矿阶段。通过野外调查、地质编录、显微观察和电子探针(EPMA)微区分析,本文对该矿床中银的赋存状态进行了详细的研究。结果表明,银主要以独立银矿物形式存在,方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等金属矿物中不可见银极少。银矿物种类主要为硫砷铜银矿、辉银矿、深红银矿、螺状硫银矿和自然银,呈裂隙银或粒间银形式赋存于矿区碧玉、铁锰碳酸盐和早期金属硫化物中,次以包裹银形式赋存于早期硫化物中。另,在硫砷铜矿中发育极少的类质同象不可见银。银矿化主要形成于成矿阶段Ⅱ,银主要以硫的络合物形式运移,随着成矿流体物理化学条件的变化而发生沉淀,形成银矿物。     

北山铅锌黄铁矿矿床成因的地球化学论据

本文通过矿区地层、岩石、矿石和矿物中成矿元素及其伴生元素的分布分配,矿床原生晕的特征,矿石中流、铅同位素的组成以及反映环境特点的元素对比值等方面,结合矿床地质特征,综合论述了该矿床成岩、成矿、成晕的地质—地球化学环境,成矿物质来源,以及后期热液改造元素的活动特点.确认该矿床应属沉积富集为主的层控型矿床.     

3701铀矿床成矿伴生元素与铀的相关性特征

3701铀矿床位于钦杭成矿带六陈花岗岩体外带的泥盆系应堂组灰岩中。文章通过简要介绍矿区地质概况,从矿体产出及微量元素富集特征入手,重点分析了铀及成矿伴生元素的相关关系。研究发现,主要的成矿伴生元素铜、铅、锌、银等含量与铀具有显著的正相关性;矿石矿物组合及铅、硫、碳同位素特征显示,成矿物质均来源于六陈花岗岩体和地层。由此推断,该矿床成因上应属于多源、多期、多阶段复成因热液型矿床。铜、铅、锌、银等可作为区域内化探找铀矿的指示性元素。     

福建紫金山矿田金、银赋存状态及黄铁矿标型研究

福建紫金山铜金矿床、悦洋银多金属矿床和罗卜岭斑岩型矿床同属于与陆相火山岩相关的斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统。通过显微镜观察、电子探针成分分析、场发射扫描电子显微镜观测和矿石元素含量分析等综合研究方法,认为紫金山铜金矿床金的赋存状态除金矿石中自然金矿物外,金还赋存于铜矿石中硫砷铜矿、蓝辉铜矿、久辉铜矿和黄铁矿中,硫砷铜矿含金性最好,金含量最高达370 μg/g;悦洋银多金属矿床银的赋存状态包括独立银矿物、亚显微银矿物和类质同象银,银的载体矿物有方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等;黄铁矿是紫金山铜金矿床和悦洋银多金属矿床中共同存在的矿物,黄铁矿成分标型特征表明两处矿床的形成均与热液有关,与前人的研究结果一致。     

闽北香炉坪银金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

香炉坪银金矿是独立银(金)矿床,达中型规模。该矿床产在上侏罗统南园组火山岩中,矿区内已发现两个矿体,呈脉状、透镜状。受北北东向或近南北向断裂的控制。通过对矿体特征、矿石矿物及矿石组构的分析,认为该矿床属中一低温热液交代、充填型银金矿,成矿过程与构造活动密切相关,主要成矿物质来源于火山热液及火山期后热液。     

内蒙古巴林左旗双尖子山银多金属矿床微量稀土元素特征及其矿床成因制约

新近发现、规模巨大的双尖子山银多金属矿床地球化学的研究还很薄弱,制约了对该矿床成矿物化条件、成矿物质来源及矿床成因的认识。通过对矿区微细浸染型、细脉硫化物型、块状硫化物型矿石中与银成矿关系密切的闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿和毒砂的微量元素及稀土元素特征的研究,结果显示,成矿流体显示出富Cl热液所具有的微量元素特征,且具有从早期到晚期成矿温度和f_(O_2)递降的有序演化过程。通过对比硫化物与矿区出露的主要岩浆岩(岩脉)稀土元素的LREE/HREE、δCe和δEu特征,以及不同矿体中As、Sn、Sb等元素在的含量差异,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床成矿物质具有多来源特征或存在多期成矿作用的叠加。Cu、Co、Cr等幔源元素的富集则暗示成矿过程中不排除有幔源物质的参与。将双尖子山矿床闪锌矿与我国典型的岩浆热液型、SEDEX型、MVT型及层控-岩浆热液叠加型矿床的闪锌矿中Mn、Cd、Sn、Ga、Tl含量,Cd/Mn、Zn/Cd比值及REE特征对比研究结果显示,其具有岩浆热液型矿床微量元素和稀土元素特征,从而进一步确定本矿床成因类型上属于岩浆热液型银多金属矿床。     

内蒙古东升庙和炭窑口多金属硫化物矿床铁同位素地球化学特征及其成矿指示意义

本文报道了内蒙古狼山成矿带内两个最大的铅锌多金属硫化物矿床——东升庙矿床和炭窑口矿床中黄铁矿、黄铜矿单矿物的铁同位素研究结果。东升庙矿床绢云石墨片岩中不规则状黄铁矿的铁同位素组成δ~(56)Fe_(-IRMM)值在+0.04‰~+1.11‰之间,呈现铁的重同位素富集,指示了海水中的铁以氧化态沉淀并在成岩期转化成黄铁矿的矿化过程。东升庙和炭窑口矿床富硫化物矿石中黄铁矿和黄铜矿的铁同位素组成δ~(56)Fe_(-IRMM)值的变化范围为-1.33‰~+0.08‰,具有热液成矿特征,指示金属成矿物质来源于热液流体。另外,绢云石墨片岩中脉状黄铁矿的铁同位素组成δ~(56)Fe_(-IRMM)值的变化范围为-0.39‰~-0.04‰,处于矿石黄铁矿和围岩不规则状黄铁矿之间,指示脉状黄铁矿是热液矿化的产物,并在成矿过程中混入了围岩中早先形成的富集铁的重同位素的黄铁矿。绢云石墨片岩中广泛发育的不规则状黄铁矿与赋存在绢云石墨片岩中的富硫化物矿体具有完全不同的铁同位素组成,指示热液活动对不规则状黄铁矿没有明显成矿物质贡献,因此同沉积热液活动成矿的可能性不大。结合赋存在白云石大理岩中硫化物矿体的顶、底部常见硅化的白云石大理岩角砾,本文提出后生矿化是东升庙多金属硫化物矿体的主要成矿方式。另外,东升庙矿床和炭窑口矿床的矿石硫化物具有相似的铁同位素组成特征,指示两者的成矿物质来源具有相似性。     

新疆哈密卡拉塔格块状硫化物矿床金银赋存状态研究

新疆哈密红海黄土坡VMS矿床位于东天山卡拉塔格隆起带,是卡拉塔格矿集区内新发现的块状硫化物矿床。矿体产于卡拉塔格隆起带核部火山沉积岩建造中,具有典型的VMS型矿床“上层下脉”二元结构特征。该矿床中含金硫化物矿石主要有块状黄铁矿黄铜矿、块状黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿、块状黄铁矿闪锌矿黄铜矿和块状闪锌矿。文中在对各类含金硫化物矿石进行详细的矿相学研究基础上,结合扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪联用技术(SEM/EDS),对硫化物样品中金、银的赋存状态进行研究。结果表明,4种块状硫化物中的主要矿物形成于多个期次,主要包括VMS成矿期(黄铁矿阶段、闪锌矿黄铜矿黝铜矿方铅矿阶段、石英重晶石阶段)、热液叠加期(石英黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿方铅矿阶段)和表生期(铜蓝纤铁矿阶段)。矿区首次发现4颗金银金属互化物(银金矿、碲银矿),其较大的化学成分差异指示了热液环境由中酸性中性转变为更有利于Au、Ag迁移沉淀的偏碱性。后期的偏碱性热液对VMS成矿期形成矿物产生了交代作用,使得Au、Ag活化再富集。由于后期热液叠加改造,红海VMS型矿床中Au、Ag不仅赋存于VMS成矿期后期中低温闪锌矿黄铜矿阶段,也赋存于VMS成矿期早期中高温黄铁矿阶段,并贯穿整个热液叠加期。各含金矿物组合中除4颗金银金属互化物外Au多呈显微不可见状态,推测Au、Ag主要以原子或离子形式赋存于矿物晶格中或矿物空位处。     

陕西马鞍桥金矿床成因探讨

马鞍桥金矿是南秦岭泥盆系铅锌金（银汞锑）多金属成矿带中具有代表性的大型金矿床。矿床产于上泥盆统桐峪寺组上部浅变质细碎屑岩系,层位稳定。矿床的地质地球化学特征表明,成矿物质主要来自前沿盆纪基底的地层和岩石,成矿溶液主要为盆地同生水与变质水及大气降水的混合流体。成矿经历了同生沉积、韧性剪切变质变形、矿质活化迁移聚集和构造－热液活动叠加富集的多期成矿过程。综合分析确定,该矿床属受韧－脆性剪切带控制、地下     

Stratiform manganese mineralisation near Inverness,Scotland: A Devonian sublacustrine hot-spring deposit?

A stratiform manganiferous horizon, up to 4 m thick but localised in aerial extent, occurs 10 km south-east of Inverness in north-east Scotland. It overlies Precambrian Grampian Group schists and is itself overlain by Middle Old Red Sandstone (Devonian) conglomerate, which elsewhere rests unconformably on the schists. The deposit was mined briefly in the early 1920s and is composed principally of fine-grained braunite with minor bustamite. Lower sections of the deposit contain cavities, infilled by late baryte, calcite and rhodochrosite, which resemble stromatactis. This horizon is underlain by a hematite-quartz layer, thought to represent a laterite formed by pre-MORS weathering of the underlying schists. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the manganese ore (enriched in Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Pb, Sb, Sr and Zn) are characteristic of a hydrothermal origin. Such an origin, when considered in conjunction with the outcrop, textures, mineralogy and stratigraphy of the deposit together with the palaeogeography of the region, can only be explained by deposition from hot-springs in a sublacustrine environment. Nearby baryte mineralisation may also have been deposited from the same geothermal system, which had the Caledonian 407 Ma Moy granitoid as heat source. The managanese ore is enriched in gold pathfinder elements and minor detrital gold has been found in the area. Gold mineralisation may therefore have also been deposited in the upper sections of this Devonian geothermal system.     

郴州市玛瑙山铁锰多金属矿床地质特征

玛瑙山铁锰多金属矿床产于棋梓桥组底部层位中，矿体呈似层状。除铁、锰、铅外，伴生有银、铟。由泥盆纪沉积期成岩成矿作用和燕山期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用所形成的沉积改造—岩浆热液叠加型铁锰多金属矿床。     

湖南桃江奥陶系磨刀溪组锰质岩的内碎屑结构和重力流沉积

湖南桃江一带的奥陶纪锰质碳酸盐岩,具有清晰的内碎屑结构和一些粒度递变沉积构造。锰质岩或锰矿层呈薄层或条带夹在含有笔石的黑色泥页岩中,表现出它们在成因或沉积环境方面的极不协调。以砂屑和藻屑为主组成的白色、灰白色锰质碳酸盐岩是清洁、浅水、碱性环境中的产物;以细粉砂级颗粒为主并含有硅质、碳质的泥页岩则是污浊、深水、酸性环境中的沉积。这种不协调的沉积组合是由于浅水锰质碳酸盐沉积物以重力流方式进入深水盆地与黑色泥质沉积物混合、交互沉积结果。     

The mineralogy and chemical composition of the Woodlawn massive sulphide orebody

The main Woodlawn ore lens is a polymetallic, massive sulphide deposit’ with pyrite the major constituent, variable sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, and minor arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, pyrrhotite and electrum. The silicate gangue minerals are chlorite, quartz, talc and sericitic mica. Other mineralization in the vicinity consists of footwall copper ore in chlorite schist and several smaller massive sulphide lenses. The predominant country rocks are felsic volcanics and shales, with abundant quartz, chlorite and mica, and talc in mineralized zones.

An important textural feature of the massive ore is the fine compositional banding. Bands, which vary in thickness from a few tens of micrometres to several millimetres, are produced by variations in the sulphide content. Post‐depositional metomorphism and minor fracturing have only slightly modified this banding.

Apart from the major element constituents—Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu and S—the ore is characterized by significant (100–1000 ppm) values for Ag, As, Cd, Mn, Sb and Sn, and lower (1–100 ppm) values of Au, Bi, Co, Ga, Hg, Mo, Ni, Tl. In and Ge. Variations in the base‐metal sulphide content, the gangue mineralogy, and trace elements, are used to separate the orebody into hanging‐wall and footwall zones. The hanging‐wall zone shows a more variable trace element content, with higher Tl, Sn, Ni, Mn, Ge and Sb, but lower Ag, Cd, and Mo, than the footwall zone.

In general style of mineralization, mineralogy, and chemistry, the Woodlawn deposit resembles other volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in eastern Australia, in New Brunswick in Canada, and the Kuroko deposits of Japan.     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿床伴生贵金属成矿地球化学研究

按侵位顺序可划分为岩浆熔离型、深熔贯入型和热液叠加型成矿作用,其中后二者与贵金属的富集及成矿关系最为密切,尤其是热液作用.贵金属Au、Ag、Pt、Pd主要在热液成矿流体分异形成的高铜块状矿体中富集;含矿岩浆在岩浆房中深熔的时间与各成因类型矿体侵位是反序的;Cu、Ni及贵金属矿是经深源熔离和脉动式多次成矿作用形成的.     

Nature and origin of the Vani manganese deposit, Milos, Greece: an overview

The Vani manganese deposit is located in the rugged NW sector of Milos Island. It occurs within the Vani volcano-sedimentary basin, which is underlain by dacitic domes and flows of Upper Pliocene age (3.5–2.0 Ma). The end of the emplacement of the dacites was marked by the collapse of the magma chamber, which resulted in a huge pyroclastic episode and the deposition of a thick layer of pyroclastic material within a shallow submarine basin. This pyroclastic material subsequently compacted to form the volcaniclastic sandstone, which became the host for the manganese ore beds which were about 4 m thick in the two sections studied. Hydrothermal fluids penetrated these sandstone horizons via fractures and fissures to produce the manganese deposit. The permeable nature of the sandstone facilitated the retention of the hydrothermal fluids within these layers. This permitted the fluids to cool slowly and deposit the manganese oxides almost quantitatively. Formation of the hydrothermal manganese deposit took place fairly rapidly over a period of several tens of thousands of years at most. Strong tectonic activity resulted in rapid uplift of the area which elevated the deposit above sea level.Two generations of manganese oxides have been identified within this deposit; the first generation consists of pyrolusite and ramsdellite; the second generation of oxides of the isostructural series cryptomelane–hollandite–coronadite plus hydrohetaerolite characterized by high contents of K, Ba, Pb and Zn, respectively. This sequence is the result of a two-stage process of formation of the manganese-oxide minerals in which a second high-salinity hydrothermal fluid enriched in Ba, Pb and Zn as a result of the dissolution of sulphide minerals remineralized the original manganese-oxide assemblage. It is this two-stage process of formation, which was mainly responsible for the unique characteristics of this deposit. Although formed in a submarine setting, the deposit shows marked differences in mineralogy and composition from known submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits and is most analogous to the epithermal vein deposits of the southwestern United States.     

甘肃耳阳沟铅锌矿地质特征及找矿标志

甘肃岷县耳阳沟铅锌矿处于西成矿田西延地段,茶埠一沟脑里帚状构造撒开部位,铅锌矿体主要分布在耳阳沟背斜北东翼的中泥盆统榆树坪组地层中,主要岩性为硅化灰岩、板岩、钙质粉砂岩,矿体的顶底板围岩均为泥灰岩．矿体与围岩界限比较明显。矿床平均品位Pb＋Zn为5．13％;伴生组分Ag、Cd等。文章通过探讨该矿床地质特征,从地质、化探等方面分析成矿条件,认为泥盆系是本区的矿源层;矿体赋存于NW向断裂蚀变带中,断裂为导矿、容矿构造,区内化探异常均与已知矿体相对应,是地质找矿的重要标志。区内围岩蚀变发育,也是重要的找矿标志。     

新疆哈巴河县阿舍勒黄铁矿型铜-多金属矿成因初探

根据矿石学的主要特征.某些重要的成矿地质标志、矿源特征和矿床成因的关系.成矿时间、矿物包裹体测定等几个方面资料的综合探讨,初步确定阿舍勒黄铁矿型铜-多金属矿床并非火山-沉积矿床,而是和火山岩(中泥盆世)、基性潜火山岩(华力西中期)以及断裂构造关系非常密切的一般热液矿床.更确切地说,其应定为:华力西期火山旋回之后的、高位陆上环境的、浅成低温热液交代充填的Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag矿床     

四川大岩子铂-钯矿床(点)热液成矿的地球化学证据

大岩子铂-钯矿区的岩石有白云岩、辉石岩脉、辉绿岩脉,矿体赋存在构造蚀变破碎带中,以外接触带的白云岩一侧为主,次为内接触带的辉石岩,矿石类型有矿化白云岩和矿化辉石岩两种类型。通过对含矿白云岩、含矿辉石岩、断层泥及辉绿岩的地球化学特征研究,认为大岩子矿床先后经历超基性岩浆的侵入,即形成辉石岩脉;基性岩浆的侵入,即形成辉绿岩脉;富含Pt、Pd的岩浆期后热液活动,即形成以Pt、Pd为丰、富含As、Cu、Sb、Ag、Cd的热液矿床,其中Pt、Pd的富集成矿主要与热液活动有关。