Segmentation by domestic visitor motivation: Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve,China

Protected areas have become important tourism products that promoted as attractions by the tourism industry. Taking the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Northeast China as a case, this study addresses visitor needs as a basis for developing a tourism strategy aimed at enhancing tourist opportunities at this reserve. A factor-cluster approach was employed to identify visitor segment profiles based on their visit motivations. Through random sampling, a pencil-and-paper questionnaire in Chinese language was collected from 637 domestic tourists in the study area. A principal components analysis of motivations revealed eight motivational factors, and four distinct groups of tourists – Nature travelers, Cultural landscape tourists, Food shopping enthusiasts, and Eclectic adventurers – were identified. Understanding the differences in these visitor segments will help the management authority effectively analyze nature reserve attributes and provide alternative activities and services to tourists. Finally, within the dual framework of market segmentation and destination management some management recommendations and marketing implications are suggested.     

旅游景点间细粒度语义交互作用挖掘及模式分析：以云南省为例

研究旅游景点语义交互及交互作用模式,对根据游客需求优化旅游格局有重要意义。现有语义交互挖掘方法忽略了文本中包含人感知信息的上下文词汇;此外,缺少以景点交互为单位分析交互作用模式的研究。为此,本文提出了一个景点间细粒度语义交互作用挖掘和模式分析框架。首先抽取文本中景点交互的语境;然后利用TF-IDF关键词抽取和语义网络分析方法,从讨论焦点和语义结构角度挖掘景点间细粒度的语义交互作用;最后结合Spearman秩相关系数、Graph Kernel图相似度度量方法和网络分析方法,分析语义交互作用模式。以云南省2018年游记数据进行实例分析,结果表明：① 利用本文提出的框架可以挖掘和分析各个景点间细粒度的语义交互作用,辅助有关部门结合游客意见提升旅游体验;可以分析语义交互作用模式,发现优化旅游格局的关键路线片段;② 苍山-洱海应着重提升自然风光体验;而大理古城-洱海应考虑改善游客对品牌旅游资源关注不足的问题;③ 云南省单核心集聚型、单核心辐射型、多区域合作型景点语义交互模式共存,呈现出点轴渐进扩散特征。可利用中介中心性较高且跨区域的景点交互,推动其他2种模式向多区域合作型转化,推进全域旅游战略实施。本文研究可为旅游路线推荐以及平衡旅游格局提供参考。     

基于地理标记照片的个性化景点推荐方法

研究如何根据已有的海量旅游信息及数据,为游客个性化推荐旅游景点具有重要意义。本文利用从Flickr网站获取的2013—2018年香港特别行政区范围内的地理标记照片来识别旅游景点,并根据游客游览顺序重建旅游轨迹。在此基础上,针对现有方法尚未考虑游客偏好在旅行过程中会发生动态变化的问题,提出一种基于隐含狄利克雷分布模型（Latent Dirichlet Allocation, LDA）和用户长短期偏好的个性化景点推荐方法（A Recommendation Method Based on LDA and User's Long and Short-Term Preference, L-ULSP）。该方法利用LDA主题模型获取景点特征信息,挖掘景点间的相关性,再利用注意力机制和长短期记忆网络分别学习用户的长期偏好和短期偏好,最后结合长短期偏好捕捉用户偏好的动态变化。实验结果表明, L-ULSP方法所推荐的景点在命中率和平均倒数排名2个指标上均优于现有其他方法,证明了本文所提方法可以从景点序列中有效学习游客偏好,并为游客推荐下一个景点。此外,本文通过对比实验,进一步验证了同时考虑用户的长短期偏好能够更好地学习用户的偏好变化。     

Tourist Behaviors in Wetland Park： A Preliminary Study in Xixi National Wetland Park, Hangzhou, China

Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management. As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wetland parks and ecotourism resorts. This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park. By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different from those strict eco-tourists. In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors. Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations. Wetland landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park. Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks. Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable development of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.     

基于WebGIS的新疆经典旅游信息系统——以观光线路查询为例

本研究以经典旅游路线体系和新疆旅游观光线路的经典性为重点,从纷繁复杂、种类各异的新疆旅游资源中,结合新疆旅游资源,设计实现了新疆经典旅游信息系统.从游客的需求性、旅游路线的经典性和景点的代表性出发,有针对性地初步构建经典旅游线路体系,筛选并建立了MYSQI.经典旅游线路数据库.依据新疆部分旅行社、旅游局和导游协会推荐意...     

时空协同的城市旅游行程规划模型构建

传统的旅游行程规划往往仅被归类为空间排序问题,而对行程安排中时空耦合性与游客自身选择的灵活性考虑不足。本文将行程规划问题的理解从空间视角拓展至游客活动视角,从旅游节点时空耦合关系以及重构模式出发,将旅行中涉及到的时间、空间与专题等多维属性有机组织,进而提出行程时空链的概念模型以及行程要素时空衔接方法。研究以南京为案例展开模型实验,结果显示该模型与传统线路设计方法在节点名称、节点数量以及节点顺序等指标的匹配度均超过了80%,体现出较好的应用可靠性。相较于已有研究仅从空间视角展开的论述,本文提出以游客自身作为行程规划的基本单位,从游客行为选择、游览时间序列以及节点线路串联等多维视角进行映射耦合,以期为拓展深化城市旅游线路设计理论,支撑智慧旅游工程精细化建设提供理论支撑与借鉴。     

基于多源数据融合的山地型旅游区游客时空行为研究

随着旅游者对休闲娱乐类旅游需求的不断增加,山地型旅游区已成为最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一,利用新兴且高效的轨迹记录方式挖掘山地型旅游区游客在小尺度范围内动态的时空行为特征和制约因素,对旅游区线路设计和旅游产品优化尤为重要,也将为山地型旅游区的深化发展和科学管理提供建议。本文以湖北省恩施州恩施大峡谷为案例地,基于“六只脚”平台的GNSS轨迹及位置照片数据,结合GIS在线地图绘制的景区路网和从BigMap平台获取的POI数据,选择GNSS轨迹栅格化的概念模式解析出恩施大峡谷游客轨迹的时空行为特征,尝试探讨与其他类别旅游区时空行为特征的差异,从而总结出山地型旅游区的行为特征,并通过网络点评数据和游记文本等网络文本挖掘行为特征形成的影响因素。研究表明：① 月份和季相层面,游客行为5月游客量处于峰值,节日效应明显,短假期效应较强;淡旺季游客行为轨迹呈非集聚性,旺季游客量主要受气候条件影响呈不稳定态势;② 游客行为轨迹于11:00-14:00游客量达到顶峰,日内结束时间相对较早,且兴趣点选择偏向知名度高的七星寨景区;③ 空间分布特征层面,受时空因素控制,单一路径景区轨迹集中度较强;④ 不同性别的游客拍照行为均偏向于高质量景区,但分布状态存在差异,男性拍照行为多呈片状和线状分布,女性多呈点状分布。本研究尝试以新数据和新方法探讨山地型旅游区游客的时空行为特征,旨在促进山地型旅游地的持续和高质量发展。     

Recreational value of glacier tourism resources: A travel cost analysis for Yulong Snow Mountain

Glaciers, with their unique and spectacular appearances and rich and varied terrain, have received widespread attention and become important tourist attractions. This paper uses the travel cost method to estimate the recreational value of the glacier tourism resources of Yulong Snow Mountain (also called Jade Dragon Snow Mountain), which is the most developed glacier tourist attraction in China. First-hand information was obtained through field surveys, and the travel costs of visitors visiting the Yulong Snow Mountain glacier were calculated before the method was applied to evaluate the recreational value of the focal glacier resource. The results show that the Yulong Snow Mountain consumer surplus associated with its glacier resources in 2016 ranged from 645.59-3439.10 million CNY, and the total recreational value ranged from 1.97-8.17 billion CNY. Approaches allocating travel costs across multiple recreational sites, however, can vary, and there is large difference in estimated results depending on used approaches. Nevertheless, the results of the analysis can help understand the socio-economic value of glacier resources and provide a reference for their development and protection.     

Evaluation on tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites —Case of Kanas nature reserve of Xinjiang, China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices’ weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671057), Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-355)     

RESIDENTS＇ ATTITUDES TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ANCIENT VILLAGE RESORTS——Case Study of World Cultural Heritage of Xidi and Hong Villages

Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents‘ attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents‘ perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents‘ attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents‘ attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents‘ attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents‘ attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents‘ attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.     

典型贫困山区旅游景点可达性评价方法研究

旅游景点的可达性水平不仅可以反映游客到达的方便程度,也用来衡量区域旅游业发展的潜力,而对于贫困山区旅游景点的可达性研究还可为旅游扶贫的开展工作提供理论参考。本文聚焦典型贫困山区,探究交通成本及复杂地形特征对旅游景点可达性的影响。首先,文章通过连接度指数和通达度指数的相关分析,了解研究区旅游网络的整体连通状况;然后,运用累积耗费距离法,分别基于不同等级交通因素和坡度、海拔等地形因素,对研究区旅游景点可达性和县级行政单元整体可达性进行对比分析,并提出了一种综合考虑交通因素和地形因素的可达性评价方法。研究表明：交通因素分析法弱化了水域对于可达性的阻隔作用;地形因素分析法忽视了交通条件对于可达性的影响;而综合考虑不同等级交通因素和复杂地形因素的可达性评价方法,既可有效识别水域对于贫困山区旅游景点可达性的阻隔作用,也体现了交通条件的改善对于自然环境下可达性水平的提升作用。     

Impacts of Yulong Mountain Glacier on Tourism in Lijiang

Introduction The mountain tourism has been repeatedly identified as potentially vulnerable to global climate change and has received greater research attention. Implications of climate change can be seen, for example, in less snow, receding glaciers, melt…     

Green Tourism in Mountain Regions - Reducing Vulnerability and Promoting People and Place Centric Development in the Himalayas

In recent years, mountain regions are attracting great attention to Indian tourists in general and foreign tourists in particular. The potential mountain resources for promoting green tourism are enormous in the form of natural and cultural heritage such as biosphere reserves, flora and fauna, lakes and rivers and traditional rural resources. In order to utilise tourism industry market, uncontrolled numbers of tourists and related haphazard infrastructural facilities in the vulnerable mountain regions pose serious environmental implications. The ecological pressures are threatening land, water and wild life resources through direct and indirect environmental impacts together with generation of solid and liquid wastes, so green tourism is emerging as an important task in order to develop new relationship between communities, government agencies and private sectors. The strategy focuses on ecological understanding, environmental protection and ecodevelopment. The major attributes of the green tourism include environmental conservation and education and distribution of income to local people based on strong partnership. Various knowledge systems go a long way for achieving the goals of the green tourism, which creates awareness about the value of environmental resources. Mountains have ecological, recreational, educational and scientific values, which need to be utilised in sustainable way. Various tourist activities andfacilities need to be diversified in order to achieve multiple benefits including scientific field excursion, recreation in natural and cultural areas, community festivals and sport tourisms. Green tourism considers tourism development as an integral part of a national and regional development. The paper discusses the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the green tourism with particular reference to village tourism development programme taking empirical evidences from the Himalaya. Such programme also minimises biophysical and human vulnerability and risks in mountain regions. The environmental consciousness campaign and introduction of code through multi- purpose Tourist Resource Centres are gaining currency in above context.     

旅游景点筛选组合及旅游线路的优化算法与应用

近年来,我国的旅游业蓬勃发展,积累了大量的数据,有效地分析和理解这些数据,可以更好地服务于旅游业,并促进其健康科学地发展。鉴于此,引入几个算法对旅游点及旅游线路进行科学定制与设计,提出了利用极大团对旅游点进行筛选组合的新算法,同时对建立国内旅游查询系统的可行性及系统背后的算法进行了分析。实验结果表明,所提出的算法适合大规模问题,可对旅游及科研部门制定宏观策略提供参考,同时建立国内旅游查询系统也是可行的,即自驾游者可随时上网或用手机查询国内的最佳旅游景点组合、旅游线路及驾车路线,也可查询国内任意两点间的最短行车路线和任一座城市的任两点间的最优公交乘车路线,这将大大方便人们的生活。     

STUDY OF RURAL TOURISM IN TURPAN, CHINA

~~STUDY OF RURAL TOURISM IN TURPAN ,CHINA@KEYIM Parhad$Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, P. R. China; The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. ChinaBRAMWELL B, LANE B,…     

基于多源数据的旅游者视觉行为模式与感知评估方法

用户生成内容（User Generated Content,UGC）作为感知旅游地物质空间的新型地理大数据,以使用者的视角描绘了旅游地的客观环境,是探索旅游目的地感知的重要途径。然而,传统的旅游研究对旅行摄影照片处理能力有限,深度学习图像语义分割技术的发展,为挖掘旅游者视觉行为模式,探索旅游地环境感知提供了有力支持。本研究提出了整合在线旅行照片大数据与问卷调查小数据的旅游者视觉行为模式与感知评估框架,并将其应用于鼓浪屿案例。首先将744条旅游轨迹,聚类为6类视觉行为模式,并可视化与时空分析;其次基于全卷积网络算法,量化22 507张旅行照片语义,探索不同视觉模式的旅游者关注要素的空间分异;最后通过照片语义与场景感知问卷调查的相关性分析和多重线性回归模型,评估旅游地整体视觉感知满意度,并提出相应的空间优化建议。研究表明：① 鼓浪屿旅游者视觉行为模式聚类为单点游、海岛风光游、环岛游、街巷空间游、遗产建筑游和全岛游6类;② 不同视觉行为模式的旅游者视觉兴趣区存在空间集聚现象,视觉空间转移遵循地理邻近效应;③ 相关性分析与模型结果表明,旅游者偏好空间开敞度较高的区域,感知满意度越低的区域摄影行为越少,是环境提升的重点;④ 出行时间和成本效率最大化、建成环境、心理环境与社会环境是影响旅游者视觉感知的主要因素。本研究延伸了人工智能技术在旅游者视觉感知研究中的应用,为旅游地空间优化提供参考。     

基于非线性动力学模型的旅游生态容量分析

近年来,大量增加的游客给景区的旅游生态容量带来了较大的压力,矛盾日渐突出。为了实现景区的环境保护与可持续发展,研究游客活动量与景区旅游生态容量之间的关系是十分必要的。本文从非线性动力学观点出发,构建二者非线性动力学模型,并进行平衡态分析。研究结果表明:(1)系统要达到可持续发展,必须建立在景区环境的自我更新能力及人工恢复程度之和大于外界污染水平,且游客的增长率必须保持在较低水平的基础上;(2)景区旅游生态容量的承载力是有限的,所能容纳的游客也是有限的,超过一定的限度就会引起生态系统失衡。采取严格控制游客量,加强对景区内外环境的保护和改善、提升游客素养等措施,对于系统的协调发展至关重要。     

Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park,SW Poland

National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of visitors.The number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC) of trails.This situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting overtourism.The aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP) in Poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement technique.The MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in SMNP.With the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was obtained.The data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT) and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor's motivations,preferences,and behaviours were determined.In 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in Poland.The SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in wilderness.In order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were presented.In the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism assessment.The MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.     

Managing side effects of cultural tourism development: The case of Zhouzhuang

IPROBLEMS DEFINITIONthis will have increased to．6 billion（WEI,1999）．In比r＊Sdr＊＊＊＊＊＊S,山u＊。dd＊＊引ly厅＊＊J砒e如卜小1．IIncreasing Demand for Tourism lions of dollars yearly．Acco巾lug to WEI et al．（199）,Chinese tourismhunsm Is a relatively new social activity that has Industry has been developingveryfast．hurlsm Incomerecently eme侣ed as a global phenomenon．The World will keepon growingforthe…