西藏南部吉隆盆地晚中新世—早更新世沃马组介形虫动物群

根据在西藏南部吉隆盆地新近纪地层沃马组中获得丰富的介形类化石, 鉴定识别出介形虫9属37种, 其中8个未定种, 根据介形虫动物群在地层剖面上的分布规律, 建立了2个介形虫组合带, 自下而上为: Ilyocypris pentanoda-Qaidamothere vena组合带和Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella组合带.通过对研究区介形虫组合带与国内外其他地区相同层位的介形虫组合对比, 将沃马组的时代厘定为中新世晚期—早更新世.      

渤海和黄海北部潮间带底质中的介形虫

间带不同性质的底质中 ,介形虫动物群的特征和生态分布各不相同。在岩石滩和沙滩中介形虫较丰富、多样 ,前者具有 Xestoleberishanaii,Cythere lutea lutea,Loxoconcha hattorii,Aurila cymba等 ,而后者有 Sinocytheridea impressa,Pistocythereis bradyformis,Bicornucytherebisanensis,Cushmanidea subjaponica等。泥质滩中介形虫通常很少 ,有 Loxoconcha binhaiensis和L.ocellata等。受高潮和中潮影响的河口区 ,通常介形虫丰度和多样性的分布较低 ,都是适应环境变化很强的属种 ,并具有海、陆相介形虫分布的混合区段。朝向海洋方向 ,非海相介形虫的百分含量呈逐渐降低变化 ,而海相介形虫正好相反。     

扬子克拉通北缘中元古界神农架群乱石沟组叠层石类型及其沉积学意义*

扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群叠层石十分发育。该群下部乱石沟组中叠层石类型丰富,根据形态可分为柱状、穹状、层状叠层石以及锥状、层柱状、包心菜状、墙状叠层石和叠层石丘等。研究区叠层石以中小型为主,少数为大型和巨型;多数无壁,部分具单层壁;对称性和继承性由好到一般,部分较差。研究表明,叠层石的形态和规模,与水动力条件、水体深度及陆源组分含量关系密切,其中层状叠层石主要发育于潮间带上部,柱状叠层石产于潮间带下部和浅潮下带,穹状叠层石出现在潮间带和潮下带,锥状叠层石多见于潮间带下部和潮下带,层柱状、锥柱状叠层石则集中于潮间带,叠层石丘位于潮间带和潮下带。依据各类型叠层石宏观和微观特征、垂向组合类型、沉积构造及沉积岩相相互关系,并结合碳、氧同位素测试结果,综合研究认为: 虽然叠层石的形成受生物和环境等多重因素影响,但生物因素主要影响叠层石的微观组构,水动力条件则控制叠层石的宏观形态类型,水体深度影响叠层石的规模;另外,生物繁盛、陆源物质供给少的环境更有利于叠层石发育。     

中全新世福建沿海地区海平面波动：基于NDQK5岩芯介形类化石记录

福建沿海地区第四系较为发育,是研究晚更新世以来相对海平面变化的理想区域。本文以福建宁德NDQK5岩芯中产出的高分辨率介形类化石为研究对象,结合加速器质谱法(accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS)14C和光释光测年技术建立岩芯年代框架,重建了中全新世期间福建沿海地区的相对海平面变化。结果显示,NDQK5岩芯中的介形类化石记录主要分布于4~17. 1 m段,对应年代约为8. 2~6. 9 ka BP。岩芯内共计识别出海相介形类23属26种,根据优势种以及特征种的相对丰度变化特征可将岩芯内的介形类动物群划分为3个组合：① 介形类组合A以Bicornucythere bisanensis和Sinocytheridea impressa为主,代表潮下带环境;② 介形类组合B以Sinocytheridea impressa和Neomonoceratina delicata为优势种,指示近岸内陆架的沉积环境;③ 介形类组合C以Sinocytheridea impressa和Loxoconcha ocellifera为主,代表潮间带的沉积环境。基于介形类组合的分布特征,本文推断福建沿海地区海平面约在8. 2~7. 4 ka BP期间持续上升,并在约7. 9~7. 4 ka BP区间达到最高;7. 4~7. 0 ka BP期间海平面下降,随后再次上升。因此,介形类化石记录指示福建沿海地区在全新世高海平面背景下依然存在相对海平面的次一级波动。同时,结合已有福建沿海地区海平面变化驱动机制的研究结果,本研究推断8. 2~7 ka BP期间福建沿海地区的海平面变化可能主要受控于冰盖融水;7 ka BP后该地区的海平面波动可能受控于“冰川- 水均衡调整”作用。     

扬子克拉通北缘中元古界神农架群乱石沟组叠层石类型及其沉积学意义

扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群叠层石十分发育。该群下部乱石沟组中叠层石类型丰富,根据形态可分为柱状、穹状、层状叠层石以及锥状、层柱状、包心菜状、墙状叠层石和叠层石丘等。研究区叠层石以中小型为主,少数为大型和巨型;多数无壁,部分具单层壁;对称性和继承性由好到一般,部分较差。研究表明,叠层石的形态和规模,与水动力条件、水体深度及陆源组分含量关系密切,其中层状叠层石主要发育于潮间带上部,柱状叠层石产于潮间带下部和浅潮下带,穹状叠层石出现在潮间带和潮下带,锥状叠层石多见于潮间带下部和潮下带,层柱状、锥柱状叠层石则集中于潮间带,叠层石丘位于潮间带和潮下带。依据各类型叠层石宏观和微观特征、垂向组合类型、沉积构造及沉积岩相相互关系,并结合碳、氧同位素测试结果,综合研究认为:虽然叠层石的形成受生物和环境等多重因素影响,但生物因素主要影响叠层石的微观组构,水动力条件则控制叠层石的宏观形态类型,水体深度影响叠层石的规模;另外,生物繁盛、陆源物质供给少的环境更有利于叠层石发育。     

松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组介形虫群集性死亡事件成因

松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组发育含大量介形虫化石的介形虫层,介形虫层的单层厚约5～200cm。介形虫层具有低伽马、高电阻、低声波等测井响应特征。以测井资料识别介形虫层为基础,研究了介形虫层在平面上不同相带及其在纵向高频层序格架下的分布规律,探讨了介形虫群集性死亡的原因。介形虫层平面上主要分布在大庆、龙虎泡—红岗阶地、黑帝庙等环坳带,盆地东部相对不太发育,滨浅湖是介形虫生存的有利环境;纵向上主要分布在青一段上部及青二段。高频层序旋回控制了介形虫的繁殖与死亡,介形虫群集性死亡事件主要发生在基准面下降期间。介形虫的群集性死亡与湖泊面积扩大无关,更与海侵事件无关。基准面下降造成水体变浅、矿化度增高以及砂岩进入滨浅湖可能是导致介形虫群集性死亡的直接原因。     

碳酸盐岩缓坡向镶边台地的转化:以黔东麻江地区下寒武统清虚洞组为例

黔东麻江地区位于上扬子台地东南缘,下寒武统(相当于2008年国际地层年表中的寒武纪第二统)清虚洞组发育浅海碳酸盐岩沉积。露头观察、微相分析和地球化学数据综合得出,麻江地区清虚洞组可划分为浅海陆棚、潮下带、浅滩、潮间带4种沉积环境。由下向上,构成了5个向上变浅的旋回(C1-C5)。C1-C3旋回为浅海陆棚-潮下带-潮间带序列,以细晶白云岩为主,局部见鲕粒或灰泥的交代残余;C4-C5旋回为台缘浅滩-潮间带序列,浅滩特征明显。麻江地区沉积环境的纵向演化和邻区沉积环境的对比表明,湘西黔东地区清虚洞组经历了碳酸盐岩缓坡向镶边台地的过渡转化。     

山东聊城地区中新世生物地层学研究

通过对山东聊城许营地区Ⅱ20、Ⅶ14钻孔石炭-二叠系与第四系(平原组)之间新近纪地层中孢粉化石和介形虫化石研究，建立了一个Magnastriatites-Ulmipollenites-Liquidambar pollenites孢粉组合和一个Limnoc ythere gudaoensis-Cyprinotus(Heterocy pris)formalis-Candona planus介形虫组合。上述孢粉组合和介形虫组合经与山东北部、渤海海域、江苏北部、陕西渭河盆地、松辽盆地、东海陆架盆地龙井构造带等地新近纪地层对比，其地质时代应归属于新近纪中中新世。     

东濮凹陷北部古近系沙河街组特征

从古生物、岩石、测井等方面综合探讨了东濮凹陷北部古近系沙河街组的特征及其划分与对比。沙四下亚段和沙二段以红色砂泥岩为主,沙四上、下亚段之间为一假整合面,沙二段底部存在一较大的沉积间断面;沙四上亚段、沙三段和沙一段为灰色砂泥(页)岩夹4套盐岩,其中,沙一段和沙三段中的稳定灰质泥页岩是东濮凹陷较好的区域地层对比标志层。沙四下亚段化石稀少;沙四上亚段地方性介形类开始发育,为Cyprinotus altilis组合;沙三段以介形类Huabeinia和Candona的大量出现为特征,介形类为Huabeinia chinensis组合、沟鞭藻类为Bohaidina-Parabohaidina组合;沙二段以轮藻的空前繁盛为特征,轮藻为Charites producta组合、介形类为Cyprinotus xiaozhuangensis组合;沙一段以腹足类极其丰富为特征,腹足类为Valvata(Cincinna)rehetaiensis组合、介形类为Phacocypris huiminensis组合。前人对东濮凹陷北部古近系沙河街组各段的划分所依据的标准相同,但在确定具体界线时分歧较大,尤其是沙三段与沙四段的分界线。虽然前人均是以Cyprinotus altilis组合的上限和Huabeinia属顶峰带的下限为依据进行划分的,但因以古生物为标准划分地层的精度有限,加之当时钻井地质资料较少和断层错综复杂等,致使同一研究者在东濮凹陷的不同地区所划分的界线也不统一。本文研究指出通过层序地层学及沉积相变规律等沉积学问题的详细研究是解决该问题的关键。     

四川洪雅联合地区芦山组地层的发现及生物组合特征

本文在四川洪雅联合向斜原白垩系灌口组地层中新发现了古近系芦山组地层,并详细描述了洪雅联合地区芦山组实测地层剖面。结合前人研究资料讨论了川西地区芦山组的空间分布、岩性组合特征及沉积环境。根据化石组合及分布规律,在芦山组地层中划分出一个介形虫组合带(Pinnocypris-Limnocythere-Ilyocypris组合带)和两个轮藻组合带(Gyrogona qianjiangic-Obtusochara jianglingensi组合带及Maedlerisphaera chinensis-Obtasochara brevicylindrica组合带),据此推断川西地区芦山组的地质时代为晚始新世-中渐新世。     

Late Weichselian ostracod assemblages from the southern Kattegat, Scandinavia: a palaeoenvironmental study

The ostracods in three vibro cores (representing the time between c . 13000 and 12000 BP) from southern Kattegat were studied to further elucidate palaeoenvironmental conditjons in an area interpreted to be influenced by a Late Weichselian drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake via the Öresund Strait. This time represents an extremely important phase of the deglaciation of the northern hemisphere. It is characterized by rapid climatic change and enormous amounts of meltwater that are drained into the ocean. The ostracod assemblages identified are characterized by a peculiar mixture of marine (arctic and temperate) and freshwater species believed to characterize environments ranging from the tidal zone of an outer estuary (or delta) to fully marine sublittoral conditions in a subarctic climate. Dominant species display autochthonous population structures typical of in situ elements of such environments. Indications of very shallow conditions are, however, difficult to reconcile with palaeobathymetrical inferences from earlier studies of shore-level displacements. It is, therefore, possible that the present assemblages are mainly death assemblages deposited offshore by postmortem meltwater discharge. Rare pre-Quaternary ostracods similar to Mesozoic species previously reported from the Öresund Strait (drill holes) and the Swedish west coast may have been redeposited by outflowing meltwater.     

渤海菜州湾第四纪晚期以来微体化石组合特征和沉积环境演化

对渤海莱州湾南岸央子镇YZ1钻孔取微体古生物样品18个，通过分析鉴定和地层对比，以及对微体古生物化石进行属种、丰度和分异度分析，共划分出4个化石组合层段。根据化石组合特征分析认为：第Ⅰ、第Ⅱ微体化石组合为全新世海侵的产物。第Ⅰ组合代表了海进序列，沉积环境为潮上带—潮间带；第Ⅱ组合为海退序列，沉积环境为潮间带—潮下带。第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ组合分别是晚更新世2次海侵的产物。第Ⅲ组合为晚更新世末期海侵的产物，海侵规模较大，沉积环境为滨海潮坪—潮间带；第Ⅳ组合海侵规模较小，陆相因素增大，沉积环境为河口—滨岸带或者为海陆交互相。     

Palaeo‐oceanographical significance of Miocene deep‐sea ostracoda from the Kingfish 8 well,Gippsland Basin,southeastern Australia

In the latest Early to Middle Miocene section of the Kingfish 8 well, offshore Gippsland Basin, the characteristically deep‐marine ostracod genus Zabythocypris is a conspicuous component of ostracod assemblages dominated by species of the genera Argilloecia, Krithe and Parakrithe. The taphonomy and taxonomic composition of the assemblages suggests that they accumulated in an upper bathyal environment (500–1000 m water depth) occurring in a lower continental slope setting. Supporting evidence for these deep‐marine ostracod assemblages occurring near the upper limit of their palaeobathymetrical range is the broadly coincident occurrence of the deep‐marine taxa Legitimocythere sp. and Neonesidea whatleyi Warne, in what would otherwise be considered an outer‐shelf (120–160 m) ostracod fauna at Fossil Beach, Mornington. Ostracod occurrences indicative of dysaerobic sea‐floor conditions in the Kingfish 8 well and Fossil Beach sections, when considered together, appear to record a shallowing of the oceanic oxygen‐minimum zone during the latest Early Miocene to earliest Middle Miocene transgressive phase of southeast Australia.     

On late Maastrichtian-early Danian water masses and lithologic and foraminifer assemblages in different tectonic zones of the Mountainous Crimea

This paper presents data on the structure of reference sections of the Maastrichtian-Danian boundary beds and the assemblages of benthic and planktonic foraminifers enclosed in these rocks. These are based on examination of the reference sections in two different structure-facies zones of the Mountainous Crimea: the Kacha Uplift and Indol-Kuban Trough. The strongly different lithologic and foraminifer assemblages in these sections indicate the presence of completely different water masses in the shelf part of the marine basin with water depths varying from those of the middle-lower sublittoral zone (in the Belbek, Beshkosh, and Chakhmakhly sections in the southwestern part of the Mountainous Crimea) to those of the pelagic environment on the continental slope and at the continental rise (section in Mount Klement’ev in the Indol-Kuban Trough). These assemblages indicate the sedimentation environment in the transition zone between the Kacha shelf and the deep-water Black Sea Basin.     

The Influx of the Tsushima Current into the Central Ulleung Basin of East Sea (Sea of Japan), Korea

A total of 85 samples, collected from the UBGH1-9 core taken from the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea, were analyzed using diatom assemblages. 111 diatom species belonging to 46 genera were identified, and three diatom assemblage zones were established on the basis of occurrence and distribution pattern of diatoms. Diatom assemblage zone I(134.10–174 m) is characterized by a relatively high abundance of marine species, while the increased number of the brackish species is recorded in diatom assemblage zone II(75–125 m). The assemblage zones IIIa became drastic drop of valve abundances and brackish planktons, whereas it became increase during the IIIb. High Td values which indicate an influence of warm current are recorded both in diatom assemblage zone I and III, and low Td values in diatom assemblage zone II. Analysis of diatom assemblages indicating that the depositional condition moved from oceanic to littoral-neritic environments and that paleotemperature underwent a shift from warm to cold condition at the middle interval, and from cold to warm condition in the upper interval of the UBGH1-9 core. This suggests that the lower(130–162 m) and upper intervals(0–20 m) of the UBGH1-9 core were deposited in the warm current condition(Tsushima Warm Current).     

Pliocene marine deposits at Punta Maldonado, Guerrero state, Mexico

Diverse and abundant Foraminifera and Ostracoda assemblages were recovered from a measured stratigraphic section at Punta Maldonado, Guerrero state, Mexico. The planktonic species indicate an early Pliocene age, between 5.3 and 3.6 Ma; an early late Pliocene (around 2.4 Ma) planktonic assemblage also was recorded from isolated deposits. These ages contradict the Cretaceous–Paleogene age previously assigned to the sedimentary succession at Punta Maldonado. All indicators—benthic assemblages, ichnofacies, lithology, grain size, primary structures, mineralogy, body rock geometry, and facies—suggest deposition in the foreshore and offshore transition zones of a storm-dominated shallow siliciclastic shelf. The Ostracoda and Foraminifera indicate deposition around the outer neritic/upper bathyal boundary, which suggests an uplift of 320–400 m in the area during the Pliocene. This study represents the first report of Pliocene marine rocks in the southwestern coast of Mexico; the data presented contribute to regional geotectonic models.     

长江三角洲第四纪海相介形虫的古环境意义

本文根据长江三角洲地区7个钻孔的介形虫化石群古生态的研究成果,并参考有关资料,讨论了该区第四纪海相介形虫的时、空分布及其古环境。文中指出,海相介形虫的分布与该区第四纪海侵层有关,它在距今约0.30Ma形成的海侵层中富集,上述结论与对中国东部沿海平原海平面研究所取得的认识(第四纪高海面仅在0.30Ma以来才表现明显)相一致。该区介形虫化石群的成分较渤海西岸稍多,可能与该地区易受外海影响有关;而它又比广东、福建、香港的化石群简单,这可能是气候、水温差异的表现。     

Middle Miocene ostracods from Wadi Sudr,westcentral Sinai,Egypt: systematic,biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeographic affinity with the Mediterranean realm

The investigation of the exposed middle Miocene strata from Wadi Sudr yielded well-preserved ostracod carapaces. Detailed taxonomic and paleontological studies led to the recognition of 36 ostracod species belonging to 25 genera, 4 species of them were considered new which fully described. Three assemblage biozones were recorded as follows: Actinocythereis spinosa–Actinocythereis hystrix zone, Chrysocythere cataphracta muricata-Cytheretta africana zone, and Disopontocypris schweijeri-Bythocypris tripolensis zone. The recorded biozones were calibrated with the previously studied middle Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biozones on the same samples and also correlated with the Miocene ostracod biozones from the neighboring countries. Our ostracod assemblages present in the lower and upper parts of the studied section (section II) indicated an inner neritic marine environment of moderate energy of currents and rapid sedimentation, while the assemblages in the middle part showed more deeper (outer neritic) environments with low energy of currents and low rate of sedimentation. The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the studied ostracods showed high affinity with the ostracod assemblages of the southern Mediterranean and moderate to low affinities with that of the northern and eastern Mediterranean respectively. The highly ornamented ostracod species with structures on the carapace were recorded from both Northern and Southern Mediterranean, while the smooth ones were found in the Southern Mediterranean only. The highly ornamented species are more widely distributed in both Southern and Northern Mediterranean than the smooth species. This may indicate that the ornamented species are more able to migrate than the smooth ones.     

A microfaunal and sedimentary record of environmental change within the late Holocene sediments of Boca do Rio (Algarve,Portugal)

The foraminifera and ostracods observed in a late Holocene sedimentary sequence within a fluvial valley at Boca do Rio in the coastal zone of the western Algarve, Portugal, reveal a general, though not smooth transition from marine to fluvial conditions. The relative influence of these two environments appears to depend on the degree of permeability of the barrier system at the coast. Optically stimulated luminescence dates and palaeoecological information obtained from the sequence suggest that barrier formation may be related to changes in climate and/or patterns of ocean current circulation. An unusual deposit rich in sand and gravel found within the otherwise mud-dominated sequence has been dated at AD 1801 ± 76 years. This deposit contains foraminifera and ostracods which indicate marine conditions, and which contrast markedly with the brackish-water, estuarine assemblages found in the mud deposits. The rapid transition in the foraminifera and ostracod assemblages indicates a short-lived coastal flooding, which may represent the tsunami associated with the Lisbon earthquake of AD 1755. The variations in the foraminifera and ostracod assemblages also suggest subsidence during the earthquake, with uplift having occurred in the period since then.     

Paleogeography of the Laptev Sea eastern shelf in the first half of Holocene based on faunal and palynological evidence

The Holocene paleogeography of the Laptev Sea eastern shelf is reconstructed based on mollusks, foraminifers, ostracodes, spores and pollen found for the first time. Environmental changes in the course of the postglacial (Holocene) transgression are detectable from quantitative analysis of three ostracod assemblages. Three phases of the transgression are established based on ostracode assemblages from the AMS ¹⁴C-dated core from the ancient valley of Yana River, central part of the Laptev Sea eastern shelf. After the first phase of coastal brackish-water environment (11.3–11.1 ka), shallow-water marine taxa appeared in the transitional phase (11.1–10.3 ka), and the third phase of modern sea conditions commenced 10.3 ka ago. Spore and pollen assemblages from the core indicate that the early Holocene land vegetation was dominated by tundra plant communities adapted to climatic conditions not warmer than at present. In the interval of 9.3–8.0 ka, climate was increasingly humid and warm, and forest-tundra vegetation occupied more favorable zones of the region.