The pedogenic groups and diagnostic characteristics in the Fildes Peninsula of King George Island， Antarctica

（赵烨）（李天杰）ＴｈｅｐｅｄｏｇｅｎｉｃｇｒｏｕｐｓａｎｄｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｉｎｔｈｅＦｉｌｄｅｓＰｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａｏｆＫｉｎｇＧｅｏｒｇｅＩｓｌａｎｄ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＺｈａｏＹｅａｎｄＬｉＴｉａｎｊｉｅ（Ｉ...     

A study on cosmic dust particles in Antarctic ice，snow and non－Antarctic region and their origins

ＡｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｃｏｓｍｉｃｄｕｓｔｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｉｃｅ，ｓｎｏｗａｎｄｎｏｎ－ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｒｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｏｒｉｇｉｎｓＷａｎｇＤａｏｄｅ（王道德）ａｎｄＤａｉＣｈｅｎｇｄａ（戴诚达）（Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏｕ...     

Petrological characteristics of the sedimentary volcaniclastic rocks of the Fossil Hill Formation （eocene） in King George Island， West Antarctica

薛耀松,沈炎彬,卓二军ＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃｌａｓｔｉｃｒｏｃｋｓｏｆｔｈｅＦｏｓｓｉｌＨｉｌｌＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ（ｅｏｃｅｎｅ）ｉｎＫｉｎｇＧｅｏｒｇｅＩｓｌａｎｄ,Ｗ...     

A condition for the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water in Prydz Bay， Antarctica

ＡｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃＢｏｔｔｏｍＷａｔｅｒｉｎＰｒｙｄｚＢａｙ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＬｉａｎｇＸｉａｎｇｓａｎ（梁湘三）（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳＯＡ，Ｈａｎｇ...     

The chemical characteristics of seawater in the Prydz Bay,Antarctica

ＴｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｅａｗａｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＰｒｙｄｚ　Ｂａｙ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＷａｎｇＹｕｈｅｎｇ（王玉衡）；ＤｅｎｇＨｅｎｇｌｉｎｇ（董恒霖）ａｎｄＲｅｎＤｉａｎｙｏｎｇ（任典勇）（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｓｔｉ...     

Climate， mass balance and glacial changes on small dome of Collins Ice Cap， King George Island， Antarctica

Ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ，ｍａｓｓｂａｌａｎｃｅａｎｄｇｌａｃｉａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｏｎｓｍａｌｌｄｏｍｅｏｆＣｏｌｌｉｎｓＩｃｅＣａｐ，ＫｉｎｇＧｅｏｒｇｅＩｓｌａｎｄ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＷｅｎＪｉａｈｏｎｇ（温家洪）ａｎｄＫａｎｇＪｉａｎｃｈｅｎｇ（康建成...     

A preliminary analysis of the pigments from ice algae in theadjacentwatersofGreatWallStation，Antarctica

ＡｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｓｆｒｏｍｉｃｅａｌｇａｅｉｎｔｈｅａｄｊａｃｅｎｔｗａｔｅｒｓｏｆＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＬｉＢａｏｈｕａ（李宝华）；ＨｕａｎｇＦｅｎｇｐｅｎｇ（黄凤鹏）...     

Magnetotelluric sounding study in the region of Zhongshan Station，East Antarctica

ＭａｇｎｅｔｏｔｅｌｌｕｒｉｃｓｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＥａｓｔＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＫｏｎｇＸｉａｎｇｒｕ（孔祥儒）ａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎｊｕｎ（张建军）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈ...     

Self－organization phenomena of the nonequilibrium process in magmatism of the Fildes Peninsula， West Antarctica

（李兆鼐）（李汉声）（尚如相）Ｓｅｌｆ－ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｎｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｍａｇｍａｔｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅＦｉｌｄｅｓＰｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａ，ＷｅｓｔＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＬｉＺｈａｏｎａｉ；Ｌ...     

The observations on Polar Stratospheric Clouds at Zhongshan Station，Antarctica

ＴｈｅｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎＰｏｌａｒＳｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＣｌｏｕｄｓａｔＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＳｕｎＪｉｎｈｕｉ（孙金辉）；ＸｉａＱｉｌｉｎ（夏其林）；ＱｉｕＪｉｎｈｕａｎ（邱金桓）ａｎｄＬｕＤａｒｅｎ（...     

大磷虾生殖力的研究

１９９２／１９９３南极夏季期间，在普里兹湾邻近海域捕获大磷虾临产雌体，于“极地”船上现场培养，观察其产卵次数、产卵量和产卵虾卵巢发育等生殖特点。对来自两个样本的５３条虾的实验结果表明，大部分虾仅产卵一次，产卵量为２２５～５９１９个，平均２１３２个，仅有两条虾于第一次产卵后的５和７天第二次产卵，第二次产卵量为５１６和４９２个。在产卵后的１～３９天内，已产个体的卵巢未见重新发育，卵巢内仅存少量成熟的卵母细胞（平均３２个），没有或极少有未成熟的卵母细胞。产卵量随体长的增加而增大，但相关水平一般。     

普里兹湾邻近海域大磷虾的生殖特点研究

本文依据 1 989/1 990和 1 990 /1 991夏季 ,“极地”号考察船在普里兹湾邻近海域 (南大洋的印度洋区 )的拖网样品 ,对大磷虾的性腺发育和生殖群体的年龄结构等 ,进行了分析研究。大磷虾的生殖开始于 1月 ,一直持续到 3月。高峰期出现在 2月中旬 ,比大西洋区相比迟了一个月。生殖群体主要包括两个年龄组 ,即 3 + 龄和 4+ 龄。换句话说 ,绝大部分个体是三年性成熟 ,一生可生殖两次 ,不排除少数个体两年性成熟 ,或第三次性成熟的可能 ,但比例非常小。在 5 91 6尾能区分性别的个体中 ,雄性个体只占 3 4 .1 %。雄性比随体长的增加而降低。体长大于 5 0 mm的个体中雄性仅占 2 2 .9%。     

大磷虾临产个体卵母细胞数量及组成特点研究

本文利用１９８９／１９９０至１９９２／１９９３年度南大洋考察于普里兹湾邻近海域所获大磷虾标本，分析了南极磷虾临产个体卵母细胞的数量及与体长、体重的关系，以及卵母细胞的组成和发育特点。结果表明：卵母细胞的数量（怀卵量）波动在２１８８－９２６３个之间，平均为５２８３个；连续４年的平均怀卵量没有显著差异；怀卵量与体重呈较好的正相关关系；与眼径及尾肢长度的相关关系较差；卵母细胞的组成可分为４个不同的发育期，各发育期数量的比例不尽然相同，似与卵巢发育程度和产卵时间有关。     

Timing of reproduction of a cold desert viperid snake from North America,the Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus lutosus)

In this study, we examined the reproductive tracts of preserved specimens of the Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus lutosus) to investigate the reproductive strategies used by the only species of rattlesnakes widely occurring in a cold desert. The vitellogenic cycle of female rattlesnakes spanned over two consecutive years: females started vitellogenesis in late spring/early summer, and ovulated in the summer of the next year. This contrasts with the female reproductive cycle of other rattlesnake species from warmer regions of North America, which typically initiate vitellogenesis in summer/fall, and ovulate in late spring of the next year. On the other hand, the reproductive cycle of male C. lutosus conformed well to those described for other rattlesnakes; that is, testes were active (i.e., sperm formation) in summer. The sexual segments of the kidneys of males were hypertrophied in summer, suggesting an unimodal summer mating season. Our findings suggests that the relatively short active season (i.e., 4–5 months) experienced by these snakes in the Great Basin of North America has implications for the timing of female reproductive events, such as an early onset of vitellogenesis, a late time of ovulation, and possibly a restricted period for giving birth.     

Comparisons between the reproductive biology of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Teleostei: Sparidae) in four estuaries with widely differing characteristics

The reproductive biology of Acanthopagrus butcheri has been studied in the permanently open Swan River and intermittently open Moore River estuaries on the lower west coast of Australia (31--32 °S) and in the permanently open Nornalup Walpole and normally closed Wellstead estuaries on the southern coast of Western Australia (34--35 °S). Trends exhibited by gonadosomatic indices, gonadal maturity stages and the sizes and developmental stages of the oocytes demonstrate that A. butcher typically spawns in spring and early summer. However, spawning occurred in salinities ranging from as low as 3.5-8 g L^–1 in the Moore River Estuary to as high as 41-45 g L^–1 in the Wellstead Estuary. Furthermore, water temperatures during spawning were greater in the two northern estuaries (19.7--28.5 °C) than in the two southern and cooler estuaries (17.5--23.4 °C). Histological studies strongly indicate that A. butcheri spawn more than once in a breeding season and demonstrate that the development of its oocytes exhibits group synchrony sensu de Vlaming (1983). The ages and total lengths at which, on average, female and male A. butcheri both first attain maturity in the Swan River Estuary were ca 2 years and ca 215 mm. However, the age at which individual fish in that system reach maturity was influenced by body size. This suggests that the attainment of first maturity at an older age but smaller length in the Moore River and Nornalup Walpole estuaries than is the case in the Swan River Estuary is a consequence of the slower growth rates of A. butcheri in those estuaries. The combination of the young age (ca 2 years) but small length (ca 145 mm) at which maturity is first attained in the Wellstead Estuary could have resulted from selection pressures brought about by high mortality rates and/or heavy fishing pressure in this estuary. The mean fecundity of A. butcheri, based on the combined number of yolk vesicle and yolk granule oocytes found in ovaries just prior to the onset of spawning, was 1580 × 10³. The significance of the sizes at first maturity, minimum legal length for capture, mesh selectivity data and closure of certain regions of estuaries to fishing for the management of the recreational and commercial fishery for A. butcheri is discussed.     

Growth, development and distribution of the euphausiids Thysanoessa raschi (M. Sars) and Thysanoessa inermis (Krøyer) in the southeastern Bering Sea

The distribution and abundance of the euphausiids Thysanoessa raschi and Thysanoessa inermis in the shelf waters of the southeastern Bering Sea were investigated during spring and summer of 1980 and 1981. Experiments were conducted during the study to describe the reproduction, growth and development of these species. T. inermis was the dominant euphausiid species observed over the outer shelf region; it began spawning in early April while T. raschi dominated the euphausiids over the middle shelf and began spawning in mid or late May. The seasonal progression in spawning followed the seasonal development of temperature; however, spawning did not begin earlier in 1981 which was a warmer year than 1980. Average egg production of T . raschi ranged from 3.4% to 3.8% dry body weight of the female per day during the first three days after capture. Secondary production estimates for T . raschi females ranged from 4.2% to 5.2% dry body weight per day in 1980 and 5.9% to 6.0% dry body weight per day in 1981. A sharp decline in the abundance of adolescent and adult euphausiids over the middle shelf during the spring bloom period when food appeared to be abundant suggests that predation by diving birds, pollack. Tanner crabs, whales and seals effectively controls the euphausiid population.     

南极亚极地冰缘环境中分选环形成机制的观测与研究

南极亚极地冰缘环境中分选环边缘砾石砾径与其斜度坡度呈正相关,可用y=-5.0606+1.42828x表示。若砾径小于15厘米时符合y=-6.15778+1.56273x方程,大于15厘米时则符合v=-17.1913+1.97643x,说明当分选环边缘砾石砾径大于15厘米时摩擦阻力和砾石间结合力迅速增大。分选环中心表面小砾石运动具有周期性,总的位移是向边缘。中心表层冻胀力比深层大,中心冻胀强,向四周逐渐减小。体积较大的物体受冻胀力影响大。     

大磷虾性比、怀卵量与某些生殖特点的分析

对1985年在南极半岛西北海域各拖网点获得的3852尾大磷虾标本,进行了性别、体长、体重、性成熟度和即将排卵的雌性成体怀卵量的测定。结果得出雌性个体占61.9％,雄性占38.1％;雄性比例在体长51-55毫米个体组中降为20.7％,大于55毫米个体组中仅占8.3％。雌性怀卵量在2457到10799个之间。同一虾群内已排卵的雌性成体比未排卵成体的体重小约1/3。乔治王岛东北海域的虾群在考察时(1月22日)已完成交配,并有2.3％的雌体已经排卵,大部分雌体到2月下旬才会排卵。布兰斯菲尔德海峡的大磷虾性成熟度较低。     

乔治王岛东北海域大磷虾虾群构成分析

1985年1月在乔治王岛东北约25海里(水深460米)海域,曾观测到范围较大的大磷虾群.在约4海里范围内用垂直探鱼仪记录了虾群的映象,进行了水平拖网.对6网样品的分析结果表明,虾群组成相当均一.体长频数分布样品间的百分比相似性指数平均为84.3%,性成熟度组成频数分布的相似性指数平均为75.6%,说明这些样品属同一虾群.磷虾平均体长为46.8毫米,成体虾占群体的96.5%,表明它们为一生殖群体.群体分布水层在20—50米深,厚度一般为20米,平均密度为1400尾/千立方米.     

The extended reproductive season of tent tortoises (Psammobates tentorius tentorius): A response to an arid and unpredictable environment

In arid environments, limited resources may compromise allocations to reproduction, while unpredictable rainfall may confound the timing of reproductive events. Here we evaluate how female tent tortoises (Psammobates tentorius tentorius) allocate resources to reproduction while coping with low and unpredictable rainfall. Vitellogenesis in tent tortoises started in autumn, when rainfall was highest and most predictable. Tent tortoises required a high body condition and large follicles to ovulate their first clutches, but a temperature threshold for ovulation may have prevented breeding during the winter months. Females produced small clutches (1.78±0.63; 1–3 eggs) but produced several clutches (3.7±1.6; 1–6 clutches) from spring to late autumn. Clutch frequency (CF) was correlated to body condition, and CF rather than clutch size (CS) determined annual fecundity. Although body size influenced egg size, body size had no effect on CS, CF or fecundity. There was no trade-off between relative egg size and CS. The small clutches of tent tortoises limit the risks of producing too many offspring at one time, a scenario that may leave females without resources for their own needs. When clutches are small, an extended breeding season enhances reproductive output by providing females more time and opportunities to leave offspring.