基坑开挖中的环境岩土工程问题研究

基坑工程是一涉及岩土工程、结构工程和环境工程等众多学科领域的综合工程,基坑工程往往是在城市中心地带建筑密集区进行,基坑工程的建设,不仅受周围环境的限制,也对周围环境会造成不同程度的影响,因此,研究基坑开挖中环境岩土工程地质问题有重要意义.本文分析了基坑开挖中环境岩土工程地质现象的主要类型,探讨了这些类型之间的有机联系和环境岩土工程地质现象变异的危害,并提出了基坑开挖中预防环境岩土工程地质现象发生的途径与措施.     

岩土工程勘察工作问题及经验方法探讨

<正>岩土工程勘察是建设工程重要的前期阶段，勘察成果是地基基础（基坑）设计的重要参考资料，其工作内容、质量将直接影响设计工作及工程主体施工，并对后续运营期间造成影响。由于岩土工程的隐蔽性和复杂性，勘察工作对建设工程的影响是全局性、长期性的，如果勘察成果资料不准确或与实际情况误差过大，容易造成设计错误或地基基础（基坑）施工时出现问题，轻则造成基础埋深、成本预算与实际误差过大，重则造成基坑坍塌或地基承载力不足引起建筑物倾斜、开裂、沉降量大等情况。     

四川眉山主要岩土工程问题及对策

阐述了眉山市在城市工程建设中普遍存在的软弱地基、砂土液化、基坑开挖与支护和基坑降(排)水等岩土工程问题，并对这些问题提出了看法和防治对策。     

长沙现代大厦复合土钉墙基坑支护方案设计

分析了长沙现代大厦基坑的岩土工程条件及周边环境条件，在此基础上对几种基坑支护方案进行了分析论证，并对所采用的复合土钉墙支护方案进行了设计计算。     

建筑基坑技术及BIM交流会在昆明召开

正为共同探讨基坑勘察设计中的技术难点和要点,进一步尝试BIM在岩土工程中的应用和推广,近日,由云南省勘察设计质量协会主办的基坑技术及BIM在岩土工程中的应用和推广交流会在昆明举行,云南省勘察设计质量协会理事长郑文、副理事长苏力,云南省住房和城乡建设厅勘察设计处副处长邓宏旭等出席会议。会上,邓宏旭作了题为《关于推进BIM应用的政策介绍》的报告。来自北京迈达斯技术有限公司、云南安     

岩土工程地质条件在基坑支护工程设计中的应用实例

岩土工程地质条件在基坑支护工程设计中的应用实例江丕光江苏地质基桩工程公司，镇江，２１２１１１关键词：岩土工程地质，基坑支护，建筑施工，江苏．ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＧｅｏｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＣｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ...     

BIM在岩土工程中应用探索——以武汉亚洲医院基坑工程为例

BIM技术具有三维可视化、碰撞检测、工程信息管理等众多特点,极大地提升了工程质量与效率,在建筑领域得到迅猛发展,然而在岩土工程中因为收费机制、软件功能限制、应用局限性等原因导致其发展的严重滞后。随着设计可视化、信息化发展进程,BIM也将在岩土中得到立足。对BIM在岩土中的应用现状进行了剖析,并对发展前景展望。以武汉亚洲医院基坑项目为依托,进行了BIM的完整实施,探讨了模型建立方式与施工应用方法,对今后BIM在岩土工程中的应用推广具有一定指导意义。     

环境岩土工程研究现状与展望

小环境岩土工程问题已经逐渐成为环境岩土工程研究的热点问题。笔者对环境岩土工程的研究内容作了简要介绍，简述了国内外在小环境岩土工程研究方面的现状和进展，重点就垃圾卫生填埋问题，特别是沿海软土地区垃圾堆埋场的设计等问题进行了讨论，对国内环境岩土工程的发展提出了一些看法。     

岩土基坑开挖过程中的周围土体渗流-应力耦合模型

传统渗流-应力耦合模型仅考虑土体的各向同性特征,忽略了工程中应力与渗流的非线性影响,导致计算结果与实际情况偏差较大,由此,设计一种岩土基坑开挖过程中的周围土体渗流-应力耦合模型。搭建测试装置,利用瞬态试验法测定岩土基坑周围土体渗透率,分析岩土基坑周围土体基质块微观结构,得到土体变形方程并求解;从宏观角度分析土体应力,得到应力边界的面力结构,构建土体渗流-应力耦合模型。根据实际情况设定工程边界条件,选择某建筑工程中岩土基坑作为分析实例,测试结果表明,该模型计算结果与实际情况的误差低于0.2 m,可以为岩土基坑开挖提供参考。     

福州轨道交通建设中的岩土工程问题

由于福州盆地工程地质条件的复杂性以及隧道工程的特殊性,在福州轨道交通建设过程中将遇到大量环境岩土工程问题。主要的环境岩土工程问题有:(1)隧道掘进范围内的承压含水层。承压含水层富水性、透水性强,由于开挖深度大,必须考虑下部承压水的影响,避免产生基坑突涌问题。砂砾卵石层直接覆盖于基岩裂隙热水上,受热水构造带高温热水的直接补给以及热传导,地下轨道交通建设对地热场是否存在影响以及地热对轨道交通的影响需要深入研究。(2)软土的大变形与低强度。导致地基失稳与土体结构强度破坏。(3)深大基坑开挖施工引发的可能灾变。基坑开挖易产生滑塌、流泥、突水(涌)、地表沉陷等问题,必须采取有效的支护措施,避免基坑失稳而影响工程安全及周边环境。对这些环境岩土工程问题,应加强勘察新技术的应用,查明建设场地岩土工程地质条件;采用人工地层冻结法、桩基托换技术进行施工;开发和利用适合本地区岩土条件的新技术、新工艺,如新型桩、新的止水、降水措施等基坑支护新技术,以及采用信息化施工新技术。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.